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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
		The Treaty of Rome signing ceremony Signatures in the Treaty The Treaty of Rome refers to the treaty which established the European Economic Community (EEC) and was signed by France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg on March 25, 1957.
		Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty of the European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts The Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty of the European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, commonly known as the Amsterdam Treaty, was signed on...
		Nice Treaty The Treaty of Nice is a treaty adopted in Nice by the European Council to amend the two founding treaties of the European Union: the Treaty on European Union, or Maastricht Treaty, which introduced the Euro and the 3-pillar structure of the EU; the Treaty of Rome...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe/History (1216 words)

	Treaty of Berlin, 1878 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of Berlin was the final Act of the Congress of Berlin (June 13-July 13, 1878), by which the United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and Turkey revised the Treaty of San Stefano signed on March 3 of the same year.
		The treaty recognised the complete independence of the principalities of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro and the autonomy of Bulgaria, though the latter remained under formal Ottoman overlordship and was divided between the two principalities of Bulgaria proper and Eastern Rumelia, undoing Russian plans for an independent "big Bulgaria".
		Perhaps the greatest failure of the Treaty of Berlin was its failure to establish a border between Greece and Turkey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin,_1878 (265 words)

	The Eastern Question - LoveToKnow 1911
		The Crimean War followed and in 1856 the treaty of Paris, by which the powers hoped to stem the tide of Russian advance and establish the integrity of a reformed Ottoman state.
		The RussoTurkish War of 1877-78 followed, concluded by the treaty of San Stefano, the terms of which were modified in Turkey's favour by the congress of Berlin (1878), which marks the beginning of the later phase of the Eastern Question.
		The period following the treaty of Berlin is coincident with the reign of Sultan Abd-ul-Hamid II.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /The_Eastern_Question (1377 words)

	Treaty of Berlin, 1878 Information
		The Treaty of Berlin was the final Act of the Congress of Berlin (June 13-July 13, 1878), by which the United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman government under Sultan Hamid revised the Treaty of San Stefano signed on March 3 of the same year.
		The treaty recognised the complete independence of the principalities of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro and the autonomy of Bulgaria, though the latter remained under formal Ottoman overlordship and was divided between the two principalities of Bulgaria proper and Eastern Rumelia, undoing Russian plans for an independent "Greater Bulgaria".
		One of the failures of the Treaty of Berlin was to establish a border between Greece and the Ottoman Empire.
	www.bookrags.com /Treaty_of_Berlin%2C_1878 (365 words)

	1922, March 13-17. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Poland concluded treaties with Latvia, Estonia, and Finland which provided for maintenance of the treaty settlements and neutrality in case one of these powers should be attacked.
		Despite the indignation of the other powers, Russia and Germany, as outcast powers, held steadfastly to the pact, which was supplemented by a commercial treaty (Oct. 12, 1925) and a treaty of friendship and neutrality (Treaty of Berlin) of April 24, 1926, which remained technically in effect until Hitler's attack in 1941.
		The reparations commission, despite protests from France, granted Germany a moratorium for the remainder of the year, it having become clear that payments were resulting in the collapse of the mark and creating an impossible transfer problem.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1821.html (340 words)

	Berlin, Germany (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		West Berlin's isolation was later reinforced by the concrete barrier erected in 1961 and known as the Berlin Wall.
		Berlin is situated about 112 miles (180 kilometres) south of the Baltic Sea, 118 miles north of the Czech lands, 110 miles east of the former inner-German border, and 55 miles west of Poland.
		Berlin's many buildings representing the styles of the Baroque, Classicism, Romanticism, GrÙnderjahre (1871-90), and the Wilhelminian era, of Art Nouveau, Bauhaus, postwar Modernism, and Postmodernism, and of the periods of socialist state architecture make the city a rich source for the study of 18th- to 20th-century architecture.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jeda/BerlinGer1.htm (2522 words)

	Treaty of Versailles
		This treaty was an agreement between the Allies, the winning countries of WWI, which were mainly France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
		Germany lost 16.7% of its farmland, 12.5% of its livestock, and 10% of its factories because of the Treaty of Versailles.
		Germany was forced to agree to the treaty, or the Allies threatened to enforce the treaty by invading Germany.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0215466/treaty_of_versailles.htm (1462 words)

	San Stefano Treaty Of: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		SAN STEFANO, TREATY OF săn stĕfˈənō, 1878, peace treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, at the conclusion of the last of the Russo-Turkish Wars; it was signed at San Stefano (now Yeşilköy), a village W of Istanbul, Turkey.
		Because the treaty modified the Treaty of Paris of 1856 (see Paris, Congress of) and greatly increased Russian influence in SE Europe, the other great powers obtained its revision at an international conference (see Berlin, Congress of).
		The Treaty of San Stefano (1878) trebled the size of Montenegro; the final boundaries adopted at the Congress of Berlin reduced the Montenegrin...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101269335 (1319 words)

	Congress of Berlin - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Congress of Berlin 1878, called by the signers of the Treaty of Paris of 1856 (see Paris, Congress of) to reconsider the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano, which Russia had forced on the Ottoman Empire earlier in 1878.
		Great Britain and Austria-Hungary were the powers most insistent on revision; Russia submitted the treaty to revision only after Great Britain threatened war and Bismarck had offered to mediate as "honest broker." He was chairman of the congress.
		The agreements reached in the Treaty of Berlin and the accompanying British-Turkish pact deeply modified the Treaty of San Stefano.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-BerlinCong.html (1298 words)

	AllRefer.com - Berlin, Congress of (Turkish And Ottoman History) - Encyclopedia
		Berlin, Congress of, 1878, called by the signers of the Treaty of Paris of 1856 (see Paris, Congress of) to reconsider the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano, which Russia had forced on the Ottoman Empire earlier in 1878.
		Great Britain and Austria-Hungary were the powers most insistent on revision; Russia submitted the treaty to revision only after Great Britain threatened war and Bismarck had offered to mediate as "honest broker." He was chairman of the congress.
		The agreements reached in the Treaty of Berlin and the accompanying British-Turkish pact deeply modified the Treaty of San Stefano.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/BerlinCong.html (414 words)

	1840. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		THE TREATY OF SAN STEFANO (See March 3) provided provision for a large Bulgarian state to include most of Macedonia.
		THE TREATY OF BERLIN (See June 13–July 13) established a small Bulgarian principality north of the Balkan Mountains, and an Eastern Rumelia south of the mountains.
		One result of the Treaty of Berlin was Ottoman emigration from Bulgaria, freeing large areas of land.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1299.html (378 words)

	San Stefano Treaty
		Until a direct Treaty is concluded between Turkey and Serbia determining the character of the relations between the Sublime Porte and the Principality, Serbian subjects traveling or sojourning in the Ottoman Empire shall be treated according to the general principles of international law.
		Not wishing, however, to annex this territory and the Delta Islands, Russia reserves the right of exchanging them for the part of Bessarabia detached from her by the Treaty of 1856, and which is bounded on the south by the thalweg of the Kilia branch and the mouth of the Stary-Stamboul.
		All Treaties, Conventions, and agreements previously concluded between the two High Contracting Parties relative to commerce, jurisdiction, and the position of Russian subjects in Turkey, and which had been abrogated by the state of war, shall come into force again, with the exception of the clauses affected by the present Act.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~kimball/1878mr17.SanStef.trt.htm (4057 words)

	Ottoman Empire Russia War 1876-1878
		The treaty was opposed by Austria-Hungary, which disliked encouragement of Slav nationalism, and by the British, who feared the new Bulgarian state would become a Russian satellite and a threat to Istanbul.
		The treaty was modified by the terms of the Treaty of Berlin signed four months later on July 13.
		Congress of Berlin (June 13-July 13, 1878), diplomatic meeting of the major European powers at which the Treaty of Berlin replaced the Treaty of San Stefano, which had been signed by Russia and Turkey (March 3, 1878) at the conclusion of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/romeo/russoturk1876.htm (380 words)

	EU2007.de - Constitutional Treaty
		In order to enter into force, the Constitutional Treaty must be ratified by all signatory States in a line with the procedures laid down in their respective constitutions.
		This is to serve as a basis for measures to be taken under the French Presidency in the second half of 2008 at the latest.
		The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was largely elaborated by the Convention on the Future of Europe, also known as the European Convention.
	www.eu2007.de /en/About_the_EU/Constitutional_Treaty/index.html (1172 words)

	Berlin Travel Guide - Description, facts, history, hotels, circuits, the Wall of Berlin, tourism, trips
		Berlin is the heart of Germany, with a stoic beat that echoes through grand public buildings, glorious museums and theatres, urbane restaurants, bustling pubs and raucous nightclubs.
		It's the suburbs of East Berlin with their grey and decaying apartment blocks, cardboard cars and paucity of telephones that make it apparent that the Wall was up to protect a utilitarian East from a decadent West.
		Berlin area has been settled since the Stone Age, but its 'modern' history began in the 13th century with the founding of the trading posts of Berlin and Cölln by itinerant merchants in the area of today's Nikolaiviertel, in the Mitte district.
	www.bestcitiestravel.com /berlin (1045 words)

	Treaty of Versailles - MSN Encarta
		Treaty of Versailles, peace treaty signed at the end of World War I between Germany and the Allies.
		Represented were the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy; the German Republic, which had replaced the imperial German government at the end of the war, was excluded from the parley.
		Difficulty arose in collecting payment, and the situation was not finally settled until the Lausanne Conference in 1932.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566689/Treaty_of_Versailles.html (465 words)

	The Berlin Treaty
		Under the provisions of the Treaty of San Stefano, Serbia, Montenegro and Romania grew at the expense of the Ottoman Empire: Serbia extended as far as Rashka, Novi Pazar in the Sanjak and Sitnitsa and Laba in Kosovo; Montenegro occupied Plav, Podgoritsa, Nikshich, Gadsko, Zhablyak and Bar; Romania obtained the northern part of Dobruja.
		The Treaty of Berlin represented international recognition of an autonomous status for Macedonia for the first time since Samuil's Empire, and Macedonians were treated as a separate ethnic community and territorial unit, recognized as "an ethnic territorial unit having elements of its independence and self-management".
		The Treaty of Berlin, containing within it recognition of an autonomous Macedonia, overturned the provisions of the Treaty of San Stefano and its proposed inclusion of Macedonia within a Greater Bulgarian state.
	www.unet.com.mk /mian/berlin.htm (2197 words)

	A New Poland – Germany Double Tax Treaty Enters Into Force - Deloitte in Poland
		Under the currently binding Poland-Germany double tax treaty dividends are also subject to 5% or 15% withholding tax rates, however, the lower rate applies if the beneficial owner of the dividends holds directly at least 25% of the capital of the company paying of dividends.
		Currently binding double tax treaty does include similar provision and thus gains derived by a resident of Germany from the alienation of immovable property situated in Poland are treated like “other income” and thus they are taxed exclusively in Germany.
		Furthermore, the New Treaty will introduce a rule that gains from the alienation of stock, shares and other rights in a company whose assets mainly, directly or indirectly, consist of immovable property located in a contracting state or of rights to such immovable property may be taxed in such state (Art.
	www.deloitte.com /dtt/alert/0,1001,sid=10604&cid=66672,00.html (679 words)

	Berlin, Free University of -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It was founded in West Berlin in 1948, after Berlin was divided, by a group of professors and students who broke away from East Berlin's Friedrich Wilhelm (now Humboldt) University (founded 1809–10) to seek academic freedom.
		Considered one of the great thinkers of the late 20th century, Isaiah Berlin was an expert in political and philosophical ideas and a staunch defender of political and intellectual liberalism.
		Trieste; established 1947 by UN peace treaty that was signed by Italy; in 1954 divided between Italy and Yugoslavia; pop.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9078799?tocId=9078799 (863 words)

	Treaty Of Berlin Gifts
		Related topics: disraeli, benjamin disraeli, eastern question, berlin congress, berlin, treaty of berlin, berlin treaty, turk, turks, turkey, ottoman empire, anglo-turkish convention, cyprus, tightrope, war, peace, circus, imperialism, british imperialism,
		Bismarck and Disraeli agree to Austrian Occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina
		Related topics: turkey, ottoman, berlin, berlin treaty, treaty of berlin, salisbury, lord salisbury, disraeli, benjamin disraeli, berlin congress, congress of berlin, bulgaria, bulgarian attrocities, balkans, ottoman empire, british foreign policy, foreign policy,
	www.cartoonstock.com /vintage/directory/t/treaty_of_berlin_gifts.asp (1165 words)

	Articles - Treaty of Versailles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Article 231 of the Treaty (the 'war guilt' clause) held Germany solely responsible for all 'loss and damage' suffered by the Allies during the war and provided the basis for reparations.
		The economic problems that the payments brought, and German resentment at their imposition, are cited by some as one of the causes of the end of the Weimar Republic and the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler, which eventually led to the outbreak of World War II.
		The Treaty of Versailles did cripple Germany's economy in the early 1920's and left it vulnerable to the equally devastating Great Depression of the early 1930's, which in turn paved the way for Nazism to receive popular support.
	www.worldhammock.com /articles/Versailles_Treaty (2146 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Reinsurance Treaty, 18 June 1887
		Thus his alliance with Russia in 1887, the so-called Reinsurance Treaty, was intended at avoiding that possibility, although under the terms of the agreement Russia was not bound to come to Germany's aid if the latter attacked France (or if Russia declared war with Austria-Hungary, Germany's close ally).
		The present Treaty shall remain in force for the space of three years, dating from the day of the exchange of ratifications.
		The present Treaty shall be ratified and ratifications shall be exchanged at Berlin within a period of a fortnight, or sooner it may be.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/reinsurancetreaty.htm (670 words)

	Treaty of Versailles
		The Treaty of Versailles was an agreement to try to stop the fighting between Germany and the other countries at the end of World War.
		The main writers of the treaty were President Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister David Lloyd of the United Kingdom, Premier Georges Clemenceau of France, and Prime Minister Vittorio Orland of Italy.
		German officials disagreed but were forced to accept the treaty, including the things they had to do or give to the countries, and sign the treaty.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0210520/treaty_of_versailles.htm (882 words)

	The fall of the Wall and reunification - Berlin.de
		All attempts to hold a joint celebration of the 750th anniversary of the founding of Berlin fail, and the two halves of the city each pay tribute to the anniversary with events of their own.
		Construction highlights in East Berlin include the inauguration of the reconstructed Nikolaiviertel, rebuilt around the oldest church in Berlin’s city center in a style reminiscent of the area’s historic past, and the reconstruction of Husemannstrasse in the Prenzlauer Berg borough in the style of the 19th century.
		On November 4, more than 500,000 East Berliners gather at Alexanderplatz for a demonstration, demanding that the nominal rights to freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of assembly be honored.
	www.berlin.de /berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/mauerfall.en.html (1132 words)

	Treaty of Paris (1856) - SmartyBrain Encyclopedia and Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between Russia and Ottoman Empire and its allies France and England.
		The Treaty was signed on March 30, made the Black Sea neutral and closed it to all warships and prohibited fortifications and the presence of armaments on its shores.
		The Eastern question: From the treaty of Paris 1856 to the treaty of Berlin 1878, and to the second Afghan war
	smartybrain.com /index.php/Treaty_of_Paris_(1856) (191 words)

	Bulgaria - a brief history outline - The 1908 declaration of Bulgaria's independance
		This political act nullified the harmful clauses of the Treaty of Berlin under which the greater part of the railway lines in Southern Bulgaria were under the regimen of capitulations (as Turkey's property) which entailed the payment of an annual tax to Turkey.
		There were certain objective prerequisites at the end of the 19th century favouring the existence of ths essentially absurd theory which was further favoured by the events that took place during the first two decades of the present century.
		After the Treaty of Berlin (1878) Macedonia remained under Ottoman rule, while after the wars and the peace treaties (Bucharest, 1913, and Neuilly, 1919) the greater part of it was incorporated into Serbia and Greece.
	www.digsys.bg /books/history/declaration.html (1529 words)

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