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Topic: Treaty of Carlowitz

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	Treaty of Passarowitz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Treaty of Passarowitz is a peace treaty[?] signed in Pozarevac[?] (German Passarowitz), Serbia on July 21, 1718 between the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Austria and Venice on the other.
		Venice lost its possessions on the Peloponnesus peninsula and on Crete, gained by the Treaty of Carlowitz to Turkey, retaining only the Ionian islands[?] and Dalmatia.
		Belgrade and Lesser Walachia were regained by Turkey in 1839 by the Treaty of Belgrade.
	ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/tr/Treaty_of_Passarowitz.html (123 words)

	Treaty of Carlowitz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Following a two-month congress between the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Holy League, a coallition of various European powers including Austria-Hungary, Poland, Venice and Russia, a treaty was signed in Sremski Karlovci (Karlowitz in German) on January 26, 1699.
		The Venetian gains were lost in 1718 by the Treaty of Passarowitz.
		The Treaty of Carlowitz, concluding the Austro-Ottoman war (1683-1697) in which the Ottoman side was defeated, marks the end of the Ottoman expansion westward into Europe and makes Austria the dominant power in the south-eastern Europe.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/tr/Treaty_of_Carlowitz.html (121 words)

	Dragoman - LoveToKnow 1911
		His successor, Alexander Mavrocordato, surnamed Exaporritos, was charged by the Turkish government with the delicate and arduous negotiation of the treaty of Carlowitz, and by his dexterity succeeded, in spite of his questionable fidelity to the interests of his employers, in gaining their entire confidence, and in becoming the factotum of Ottoman policy.
		Their duties were by no means confined to those of a mere translator, and they became the confidential and indispensable go-betweens of the foreign missions and the Porte.
		Though such dragomans enjoyed by treaty the protection of the country employing them, they were by local interests and family ties very intimately connected with the Turks, and the disadvantages of the system soon became apparent.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Dragoman (711 words)

	Brief History of the Habsburg Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One of the things that emperor Charles VI got from the War of the Polish Succession was the acceptance by France of the pragmatic sanction (the general name for a particularly important imperial decree) allowing his daughter Maria Theresa to inherit the Habsburg and the imperial crowns.
		By the Treaty of Dresden (1745), Maria Theresa ceded Silesia in exchange for recognition of her husband Francis of Lorraine (1745-1765) as imperial successor to Charles VII.
		The Treaty of Paris of 1763 closed the war between England and the "family compact" of France and Spain.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /history/h/Habsburg_empire_thebrief.htm (3653 words)

	Amazon.com: "Treaty of Carlowitz": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By 1699 the Treaty of Carlowitz formalized the reduction in the size and status of the Turkish Empire.
		For all its long decline, which had begun with the Treaty of Carlowitz in 1699 and persisted until the conclusion of the Second Balkan War in 1913, Turkey remained, in the memory of...
		In the peace treaty of Carlowitz of January 1699 the Ottoman Empire was forced, for the first time in its history, to cede extensive lands to...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Treaty-of-Carlowitz (595 words)

	Treaty of Carlowitz: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Treaty of Carlowitz: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		The U.S. founding fathers' name for the American Revolution was 'The War with Britain'.
		Post a link to definition / meaning of " Treaty of Carlowitz " on your site.
	www.encyclopedian.com /tr/Treaty-of-Carlowitz.html (182 words)

	Treaty of Karlowitz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of Karlowitz or Treaty of Karlovci was signed on 26 January 1699 in Sremski Karlovci (Serbian Cyrillic: Сремски Карловци, Croatian: Srijemski Karlovci, German: Karlowitz, Turkish: Karlofça, Hungarian: Karlóca), a town in modern-day Serbia, concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–1697 in which the Ottoman side was defeated.
		Following a two-month congress between the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Holy League, a coalition of various European powers including the Habsburg Monarchy, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Republic of Venice and the Russian Empire, a treaty was signed on January 26, 1699.
		The Treaty of Karlowitz marked the beginning of the Ottoman decline in Eastern Europe, and made the Habsburg Monarchy the dominant power in Central Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Carlowitz (241 words)

	Qarabaq senedlerde \| Karabakh in Documents \| Карабах в документах
		The Treaty of Berlin was the second important step, after the 1699 Treaty of Carlowitz, designed to limit Ottoman influence in Europe.
		With the 1913 Treaty of London, which ended the Balkan War, the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire had been drawn back from the shores of the Adriatic to the Maritsa River in European Thrace.
		After the Treaties of Vienna (1815), Paris (1856) and Versailles (1871), the Treaty of Berlin was the last convention of the 19th century to shape the geography of Europe.
	www.karabakh-doc.azerall.info /ru/armyanstvo/arm25-5.php (7762 words)

	CMH5
		Moreover, the sudden recovery of Turkey under the Kiuprilis kept the east of Europe in a state of continual alarm ; nor was it till the Treaty of Carlowitz in 1699 that the perennial menace to the Habsburg dominions was sensibly lessened.
		By the Treaty of the Pyrenees, France had strengthened herself on her north-eastern frontier by the acquisition of Avesnes, on the side of the Pyrenees by finally securing Roussillon, between Sambre and Meuse by the cession of Philippeville and Marienbourg, and in Lorraine by that of Bar, Clermont, Stenay, Dun, and Jarmetz.
		These four treaties are known as the Peace of Nymegen, and were supplemented by the Treaty of St Germain-en-Laye between Brandenburg and Sweden, and by the Treaty of Fontainebleau between Denmark and Sweden.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh502.html (13951 words)

	Treaty of Passarowitz - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Treaty of Passarowitz is the peace treaty signed in Požarevac, Serbia (German Passarowitz, Turkish Pasarofça, Hungarian Pozsarevác) on July 21, 1718 between the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Habsburg Austria and Venice on the other.
		Venice lost its possessions on the Peloponnesus peninsula and on Crete, gained by the Treaty of Carlowitz, retaining only the Ionian Islands and Dalmatia.
		Belgrade and Lesser Walachia were regained by Turkey in 1739 by the Treaty of Belgrade.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=55120 (177 words)

	History of Austria (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By the terms of the Treaty of Campo Formio of 1797, Austria renounced its claims to the Netherlands and Lombardy, in exchange for which it partitioned the territories of the Republic of Venice with the French.
		Napoleon abdicated on April 3, 1814, and Louis XVIII was restored, soon negotiating a peace treaty with the victorious allies at Paris in June.
		Main article: Anschluss Although the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of St. Germain had explicitly forbidden the unification of Austria and Germany, Nazi Germany was striving to annex Austria during the late 1930s, which was fiercely resisted by the Austrian Schuschnigg dictatorship.
	history-of-austria.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (5884 words)

	Ottoman Empire Summary
		The defeat of the Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha by a combined army of Poland and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Vienna in 1683 proved to the defining event that finally swung the balance of power away from the Ottomans in favour of its European opponents.
		In the Treaty of Karlowitz, that ended the Great Turkish War in 1699, the Ottomans ceded large territories which had been in their possession for two centuries.
		The initial peace agreement with the Ottoman Empire was the Armistice of Mudros, followed by the Treaty of Sèvres, the treaty which granted recognition to the Republic of Armenia.
	www.bookrags.com /Ottoman_Empire (10298 words)

	HISTORY 593: STUDIES IN EUROPEAN DIPLOMATIC HISTORY---READINGS
		Treaty of Peace and Amity Between the United States and Algeria September 5, 1795
		Treaty of Peace and Amity Between the United States and Algeria December 22 and 23, 1816
		The Treaty of Berlin, 1878: Excerpts on the Balkans
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/593Read.html (1188 words)

	The Brooklyn Rail - An Alternative Source for Art, Politics, Film, Books, Poetry, Opinions and Events
		Lewis begins in 1699, with the Treaty of Carlowitz.
		One might begin earlier, in 1492, with the expulsion of the Moors from Spain, but it is the treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Austria that truly marks a significant shift in the relations between Islam and Christendom.
		Besieged in the east by the Persians, the Ottomans could not fight the Austrians in the west and so were forced to cede victory, the first time they were to do so to a Christian power.
	www.thebrooklynrail.org /2002/0304/20020304matterofconscience.html (1868 words)

	Leibniz and Russia
		Although Peter was very eager to form an alliance against the Turks, the treaty of Carlowitz in January 1699 between Austria, Poland and Venice on the one hand and the Turks on the other, dashed his dreams.
		Peter had a 30-year truce with the Turks and was suspicious towards Austria because of the treaty of Carlowitz.
		The basis for Russian-Chinese relations was dictated by the treaty of Ner_insk in 1689.
	www.helsinki.fi /~mroinila/russia.htm (2517 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ...
		With the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718), the Empire lost, in favor of Austria, new territories, including Belgrade, which were partly recovered with the Treaty of Belgrade (1739).
		With the Treaty of Kaynarca (1774), Russia won access to the Black Sea and Straits, which was a major step to its expansionism policy.
		They resulted in the Treaty of Paris (February 1856) that recognized the independence and integrity of the Ottoman Empire and made the Black Sea neutral and closed to all warships.
	www.guide-martine.com /history7.asp (5185 words)

	17th
		Whereas the Safavid occupation of Baghdad had been accompanied by the destruction of some Sunnite mosques and other buildings and had resulted in death or slavery for several thousand people, mostly Sunnites, many of the city's Shi'ite inhabitants lost their lives when the Ottomans returned to Baghdad.
		The Treaty of Qasr-i Shirin (also called the Treaty of Zuhab) of 1639 brought an end to 150 years of intermittent warfare between the Ottomans and Safavids and established a boundary between the two empires that remained virtually unchanged into modern times.
		Only after the Ottomans suffered defeat in a European war and negotiated the Treaty of Carlowitz in 1699 was the sultan able to dispatch troops to Iraq and recover Basra.
	www.angelfire.com /nt/Gilgamesh/17th.html (446 words)

	May 2002 - Library of Congress Information Bulletin
		The Treaty of Carlowitz (1699) between the Austrians and the Ottomans brought home to the Muslims the fact that they were no longer the dominant power they had been at one time, Lewis asserted.
		According to Arkoun, the end of the Muslim era of dominance came in 1492, when Muslims and Jews were expelled from Spain, not at the time of the peace treaty of Carlowitz in 1699 as Lewis claimed.
		From 1492 onward, Europe became the hegemonic power in the Mediterranean, and European countries such as France were able to rewrite not only their own history but also that of the countries they dominated.
	www.loc.gov /loc/lcib/0205/islam.html (908 words)

	Decadence Of Southern Europe
		The fall of the Ottoman power in Europe began with the Treaty of Carlowitz in 1699, and during the Eighteenth Century Turkey continued to decline.
		Portugal still held her colonial Empire in Brazil, and the discovery of gold mines there led to the conclusion of a treaty with England in 1703, since which time the countries have been on friendly and intimate terms.
		Soon after the Peace of Utrecht (1713), Victor Amadeus II of Savoy became King of Sardinia, and his successor, Emmanuel III (1730-1773), received an accession of territory on the mainland after the war of the Austrian Succession, and added greatly to the resources of his realm by his own wise administration.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles35/modern-europe-15.shtml (674 words)

	Ottoman decline
		January 26 1699: Treaty of Carlowitz, between Ottoman Empire and Austria and allies (Venice, Poland, Tuscany, Malta) with the pope’s blessing and UK and Dutch mediation.
		A separate treaty with Russia confirmed the loss of Azov.
		1774: Treaty of Kuchuk Kaynarji; loss of Crimea, tzar of Russia recognized as the protector of all Orthodox Christians in Ottoman lands.
	bss.sfsu.edu /behrooz/osmanli-decline.htm (186 words)

	What Went Wrong? - HistoryWiz Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Treaty of Carlowitz has a special importance in the history of the Ottoman Empire, and even, more broadly, in the history of the Islamic world, as the first peace signed by a defeated Ottoman Empire with victorious Christian adversaries.
		After the first siege of Vienna there was, for a while, some sort of negotiation, and even—a startling innovation—a concession to the kaiser of equal status with the sultan, but no conclusive result one way or the other.
		In negotiating the Treaty of Carlowitz, the Ottomans had, for the first time, to resort to that strange art we call diplomacy, by which they tried, through political means, to modify, or even to reduce the results of the military outcome.
	books.historywiz.org /moreinfo/whatwentwrong.htm (1520 words)

	AlMaghrib Forums - Theories of Ottoman Decline
		Carlowitz is important because the Austro-Hungarian Empire defeated the Ottomans and forced them to cede territory (Hungary, Slavonia, Transylvania, and Podalia) for the first time since the early years of the Empire.
		Unfortunately, the story is not so simple, because the Ottomans regained a degree of their lost position a few years later, and so establishing the precise point at which the Ottomans began to “decline” is quite difficult and recent historical research has questioned the entire thesis of “Ottoman decline” as a matter of principle.
		However, it is generally accepted that the third Russo-Ottoman war (1768-74), that ended with the Treaty of Kucuk Kaynarji (1774) represented not only a clear defeat for the Ottomans, but also demarcates the point at which we can begin to speak of systemic deterioration of the Ottoman military position.
	forums.almaghrib.org /showthread.php?t=12832 (4747 words)

	History of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Treaty of Saint Germain included a provision that prohibited political or economic union with Germany and forced the country to change its name from the "Republic of German Austria" to the "Republic of Austria," i.e.
		The German-speaking parts of western Hungary, now christened Burgenland, joined Austria as a new state in 1921, with the exception of the city of Sopron, whose population decided in a referendum (which is sometimes considered by Austrians to have been rigged) to remain with Hungary.
		Although the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of St. Germain had explicitly forbidden the unification of Austria and Germany, Nazi Germany was striving to annex Austria during the late 1930s, which was fiercely resisted by the Austrian Schuschnigg dictatorship.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/History_of_Austria (6316 words)

	Do We Have Cause To Fear Islam?
		The culmination was the expulsion of the Muslim Moors from Spain in 1491 with the Treaty of Granada and finally from Portugal in 1496.
		With the Treaty of Carlowitz in 1699 the Muslims learned some bitter lessons.
		The most important of which was the realization that they had to deal with the outside world and to develop diplomacy and a willingness to negotiate (Lewis, 2002).
	www.ameasuredresponse.com (4033 words)

	The Ottoman Empire in the Seventeenth Century
		The "Holy League" of Austria, Poland, Venice, and Russia proceeded to defeat the Ottomans in a series of engagements from the recovery of Nove Zamky fortress (1685) and Buda Castle (1686) to the battles of Slankamen (1691) and Zenta (1697).
		In 1699 in the Treaty of Carlowitz (Karlovci), the Ottomans surrendered Hungary, Croatia, and Slovenia to the Hapsburgs, much of Greece to Venice, and Moldavia to Poland.
		The following year in the Treaty of Constantinople, Russian control of Azov was conceded.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/ottomans.htm (892 words)

	Welcome to Galleria Italiana
		In 1697 in Zenta he obliged the Turks to sign the Treaty of Carlowitz.
		In 1716 in Petrovaradin and in 1717 in Belgrade he forced them to endorse the Treaty of Passorowitz.
		Nel proseguo del tempo riportò altre vittorie sui turchi in qualità di responsabile nella conduzione delle campagne militari, Nel 1697 a Zenta obbligandoli alla pace di Carlowitz.
	www.depocaantiques.com (452 words)

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