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	Treaties of Sèvres and Lausanne - All About Turkey
		The treaty was accepted by the government of Sultan Muhammad VI at Constantinople (Istanbul) but was rejected by the rival nationalist government of Kemal Atatürk at Ankara.
		Atatürk's separate treaty with the USSR and his subsequent victories against the Greeks during the War of Independence forced the Allies to negotiate a new treaty in 1923 (Treaty of Lausanne).
		Accordingly, the signatories of the Treaty of Sevres and delegates of the USSR (excluded from the previous treaty) met at Lausanne, Switzerland.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /antlasma.htm (499 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Constantinople
		Constantinople occupies one of the most beautiful and advantageous sites in the world, uniting as it does Europe with Asia and putting in communication the Black Sea and all Southern Russia with the greater part of Europe and Asia, and even with distant America.
		Constantinople had, therefore, to sustain numberless sieges; it was attacked in 378 by the Goths, by the Avars and Persians during the reign of Heraclius (610-41), by the Arabs during the reign of Constantine Pogonatus (668-85), and again by the Arabs under Moslemeh in 717; many times also by Bulgarians, Patzinaks, Russians, and Khazars.
		The first period of the schism was coeval, especially at Constantinople, with a remarkable literary revival, inaugurated as early as the tenth century by the Macedonian dynasty and carried to its perfection under the Comneni and the Palæologi.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04301a.htm (7378 words)

	5. Venice. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Treaty of the Venetians with the Ottoman Turks, the first effort to assure trade privileges despite the rise of the Turkish power.
		After the capture of Constantinople, Mehmed proceeded to the conquest of Greece and Albania, thus isolating and endangering the Venetian stations.
		This treaty stabilized the balance of power (see (See 1440)) in the peninsula until 1494.
	www.bartleby.com /67/538.html (467 words)

	e. The Treaty of Sevres. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		In the settlement of the Turkish question the Allies were much hampered by the downfall of the tsarist regime in Russia, the withdrawal of Russian claims to Constantinople, and the publication by the Bolsheviks of the secret treaties revealing the Allied plan of partition.
		At a conference of the Allied prime ministers at San Remo the main lines of the Turkish treaty were agreed upon.
		This treaty was not recognized by the Turkish nationalists, who, under Mustafa Kemal's leadership, continued to build up a military force in Anatolia and to organize a government in defiance of the sultan and the victorious Allied powers.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1788.html (395 words)

	Persia and Constantinople Make Way for Islam
		Then, after Constantinople had gained power in Italy, Khosru worried about a strengthened Roman Empire, and as his reward for making Justinian's conquests possible he asked for an outlet to the Black Sea and for the gold mines of Trebizond, at the southeastern edge of the Black Sea, which he believed should belong to Persia.
		North Africa was the part of Constantinople's empire left untouched, and, after seven years of rule by Phocas at Constantinople, a force from Egypt led by the military-governor to Egypt, Heraclius, sailed to Constantinople intending on overthrowing him.
		The Patriarch of Constantinople, Sergius, led a courageous defense of Constantinople and defeated the Avars.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h02.htm (2598 words)

	Selim II - LoveToKnow 1911
		Fortunately for the country, an able grand vizier, Mahommed Sokolli, was at the head of affairs, and two years after Selim's accession succeeded in concluding at Constantinople an honourable treaty with the emperor Maximilian II., whereby the emperor agreed to pay to Turkey an annual "present" of 30,000 ducats (Feb. 17, 1568).
		A plan had been elaborated at Constantinople for uniting the Volga and Don by a canal, and in the summer of 1569 a large force of Janissaries and cavalry were sent to lay siege to Astrakhan and begin the canal works, while an Ottoman fleet besieged Azov.
		Early in 1570 the ambassadors of Ivan the Terrible concluded at Constantinople a treaty which restored friendly relations between the sultan and the tsar.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Selim_II (323 words)

	Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal - Wikisource
		Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal - Wikisource
		Treaty, the High Contracting Parties agree that no right of war, no act of hostility, nor any act having for its object to obstruct the free navigating of the Canal, shall be committed in the Canal and its ports, even though the Ottoman Empire should be one of the belligerent Powers.
		Treaty, agree that none of them shall endeavour to obtain with respect to the Canal territorial or commercial advantages or privileges in any international arrangements which may be concluded.
	en.wikisource.org /wiki/Constantinople_Convention_of_the_Suez_Canal (1176 words)

	The Treaty of Constantinople, 1913.
		The powers thereupon "most categorically" demanded the evacuation of Adrianople in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of London, but failed to enforce their demand.
		Bulgaria having made terms with her other enemies -- Greece, Serbia, and Roumania -- by means of the Treaty of Bucharest, decided to negotiate directly with the Porte.
		Negotiations began on September 3, 1913, and the treaty was signed on September 29.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/boshtml/bos151.htm (169 words)

	The Avalon Project : Treaty of Commerce and Navigation Between the United States and the Ottoman Empire; February 25, ...
		Whereas a treaty of commerce and navigation between the United States of America and the Ottoman Empire was concluded and signed by their respective plenipotentiaries at Constantinople on the twenty-fifth day of February last, which treaty, in the English language, is word for word as follows:
		In the latter case, the goods in question shall be deposited at Constantinople, in the magazines of the custom-house, called transit magazines; and in any other places where there is no entrepot, they shall be placed under the charge of the administration of the customs.
		The present treaty shall be ratified and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Constantinople in three calendar months, or sooner, if possible, and shall be carried into execution when ratified.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/ottomans/ot1862.htm (1118 words)

	TIME.com: Lausanne Treaty -- Apr. 14, 1924 -- Page 1
		His argument that the Treaty was repugnant to the British Dominions was sunk without a trace when Ramsay MacDonald informed the House that all the Dominion Governments had consented to ratification.
		The Treaty of Sèvres imposed terms so severe that British policy seemed to have succeeded in strangling the sick man of Europe in his sick-bed in Asia Minor.
		Lloyd George, genius of the Greek policy in Asia Minor and bitterest foe of the Turk in Europe, called on the Dominions to rally to the defense of the Straits and on the Balkan Nations to join in an anti-Turk crusade.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,718168,00.html (709 words)

	Lausanne Treaty: Part I
		From the coming into force of the present Treaty, the state of peace will be definitely re-established between the British Empire, France, Italy, Japan, Greece, Roumania and the Serb-Croat-Slovene State of the one part, and Turkey of the other part, as well as between their respective nationals.
		The frontiers described by the present Treaty are traced on the one-in-a-million maps attached to the present Treaty.
		In the absence of provisions to the contrary, in the present Treaty, islands and islets Iying within three miles of the coast are included within the frontier of the coastal State.
	www.hri.org /docs/lausanne/part1.html (2886 words)

	Kiev and the supply of Norse mercenaries to Constantinople (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The peace treaty that followed stipulated that a levy of soldiers from Russia were to be sent for service with the Emperors forces.
		Among the conditions specified in 911 was one ensuring that whenever a group of Rhos arrived in Constantinople and applied to enroll in the army, they would immediately be admitted.
		Constantinople was seen as further away but even more enticing.
	web.missouri.edu /~tm104/other/norse_mercs.htm (1556 words)

	The Avalon Project : Israel-Egypt Treaty
		Article VI This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations.
		Subject to Article 103 of the United Nations Charter in the event of a conflict between the obligation of the Parties under the present Treaty and any of their other obligations, the obligations under this Treaty will be binding and implemented.
		The Treaty shall be communicated to the Secretary General of the United Nations for registration in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/mideast/isregypt.htm (5304 words)

	Treaty of Constantinople (1832) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Τreaty of Constantinople was the product of the Constantinople Conference which opened in February 1832 with the participation of the Great Powers (the United Kingdom, France and Russia) on the one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other.
		The factors which shaped the treaty included the refusal of Léopold King of Belgium to assume the Greek throne.
		The withdrawal of Léopold as a candidate for the throne of Greece, and the July Revolution in France, delayed the final settlement of the frontiers of the new kingdom until a new government was formed in the United Kingdom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1832) (232 words)

	World History 1450- 1500 AD
		Constantinople Falls to Forces of Muhammad II The Byzantine Empire came to an end when the forces of Muhammad II captured Constantinople.
		Under the treaty of Alcacovas Portugal abandoned its claim to the Castillian throne as well as its claim to the Canary Islands.
		Under the terms of the treaty Venice was forced to cede cities along the Albanian coast to the Ottomans.
	www.multied.com /dates/1450ad.html (1165 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Albania / Glossary
		The city was captured by the Turks in 1453 and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
		The EC forms more than a framework for free trade and economic cooperation: the signatories to the treaties governing the communities have agreed in principle to integrate their economies and ultimately to form a political union.
		A follower of the political, economic, and social policies associated with Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav prime minister from 1943 and later president until his death in 1980, whose nationalistic policies and practices were independent of and often in opposition to those of the Soviet Union.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/albania/al_glos.html (2512 words)

	[No title]
		The notification shall mention any provisions of the said conventions and treaties which, not being in accordance with the terms of the present Treaty, shall not be considered as revived.
		Only those bilateral treaties and conventions which have been the subject of such a notification shall be revived between the Allied and Associated Powers and Bulgaria; all the others are and shall remain abrogated.
		Bulgaria recognises that all the treaties, conventions or agreements which she has concluded with Germany, Austria, Hungary or Turkey since August 1, 1914, until the coming into force of the present Treaty are and remain abrogated by the present Treaty.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/1918p/neuilly2.html (6325 words)

	GNTO-Greek Islands-Kythera-Historic Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The French Rule became official with the signing of the treaty of Kamboformio, on 17 October 1797.
		On 21 May 1800, after signing the treaty of Constantinople, the independent "Ionian State" was founded under the Sultan's supervision.
		The Treaty of Paris, 5 November 1815, established the "United States of the Ionian Islands", thus validating the English Occupation.
	www.hri.org /infoxenios/english/ionian/kythera/history.html (375 words)

	Indo-European Chronology: the 6th period
		In 555 in Constantinople the triumph was celebrated in honour of the New Roman Empire, Narcess was murdered during it.
		In 617 Slavs occupied Greece and besieged Constantinople.
		The Treaty of Verdain was one of the corner-stones in the European politics of the Middle Ages.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /project/chron/chron5.html (8407 words)

	War of Independence - Phantis
		The retribution, however, drew sympathy for the Greek cause in western Europe—although the British and French governments suspected that the uprising was a Russian plot to seize Greece and possibly Constantinople from the Ottomans.
		The Great Powers, in the London Conference of 1832 determined that the new Greek state would be a monarchy and invited Otto, the second son of the Bavarian King Ludwig I of Bavaria to be King of Greece, thus, Greece was finally recognised as a sovereign state.
		This state of affairs and an agreed border was formally recognized by the Turks and the European powers with the signing of the Treaty of Constantinople in July 1832.
	wiki.phantis.com /index.php/War_of_Independence (915 words)

	Thrace - All About Turkey
		The main cities are Istanbul, Edirne (formerly Adrianople), Tekirdag, Kirklareli, and Gallipoli (all in Turkey); Istanbul (Constantinople) is generally considered a separate entity.
		In 1361 the Ottoman Turks took Adrianople (Edirne), and in 1453, after the fall of Constantinople, all of Thrace fell to the Turks.
		By the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) Greece also obtained most of Eastern Thrace except the zone of the Straits (Bosphorus and Dardanelles) and Constantinople (Istanbul); the treaty, however, was superseded by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), which restored to Turkey all Thrace East of the Maritsa (Meriç) river.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /trakya.htm (799 words)

	Wolrd History 1700- 1725 AD
		The treaty established the border between Islam and Christianity as the Danube River.
		The treaty of Hague was signed between Spain and the Quadruple Alliance made up of Britain, France,Holland and Austria.
		The treaty partitioned Persia between the Ottoman Empire and Russia.
	www.multied.com /dates/1700ad.html (800 words)

	The Eptanissos State
		This State, according to the terms of the treaty, was to be a self governing part of the Russian Empire, and would pay an annual tax to the Port of Constantinople.
		They sent a delegation to Constantinople as ambassadors of the Eptanissos State, who saw to it that a "constitution" was devised to lay down the principle for the government of the islands.
		On June 5, 1863 a treaty was signed in London by England, France and Russia, under which England has to abandon her status as protector of the castle of Zakynthos, and the people of Zakynthos jubilantly celebrated their union with Greece.
	www.zante.com /zante/eptanissos.html (1116 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Special \| War in the Egyptian press
		President Hosni Mubarak's statement at a meeting with the third field army that Egypt "cannot close the [Suez] Canal in the face of [American military] ships except in case of war by virtue of its international obligations" was highlighted in all the dailies on 1 April.
		The Treaty of Constantinople must be looked at within the context of the development of international law and agreements which Egypt signed after 1888.
		The Brian- Kellogg Charter of 1928, stipulating non-aggression as a binding principle, the 1945 UN Charter and the 1950 Agreement for Joint Arab Defence [all include obligations] that override the Treaty of Constantinople.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2003/633/sc15.htm (1378 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: The Treaty of London For Greek Independence, July 6, 1827, excerpts
		They have resolved to combine their efforts, and to regulate the operation thereof, by a formal Treaty, for the object of re-establishing peace between the contending parties, by means of an arrangement called for, no less by sentiments of humanity, thlan by interests for the tranquillity of Europe.
		and to furnish, without the least delay, their Representatives at Constantinople with all the Instructions which are required for the execution of the Treaty which they now sign.
		The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the Ratifications shall be exchanged in 2 months, or sooner if possible.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1827gktreaty.html (830 words)

	Corfu History
		By the Treaty of Campoformio, between France, Austria and the other Ionian islands were ceded to the French Republic, which occupied them for two years from 1797 to 1799.
		Following the Treaty of Constantinople between Russia and Turkey a semi-independent State of Seven Ionian Islands, the so-called Septinsular State, was constituted in 1800.
		Following the Treaty of Tilsit (1807) between the Emperor Napoleon I, and Czar Alexander I, the Russians ceded their rights over the Ionian Islands to the French, who sent to Corfu General Cesar Berthier.
	www.corfunext.com /corfu_history.htm (812 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		After the war that Bohdan had won against the Poles, a treaty was signed with Muscovy (modern day Russia), which gave the Tsar of Muscovy the audacity to move his troops into Ukraine, and then sign a treaty with Poland to split up their lands.
		In 1686 a treaty between Russia and Poland called ‘The Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686’ was signed by Polish envoys: voivod of Poznan Krzysztof Grzymultowski and chancellor of Lithuania Marcjan Oginski, as well as Russian knyaz Vasily Golitsyn on May 6 in L’viv Italy.
		They eventually signed the Constantinople Peace Treaty with the Ottoman empire in 1700, but the Turks were just waiting for their first opportunity to attack Russia again (the third Russo-Turkish war).
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/j/l/jlm699/step4.htm (693 words)

	Treaty of Constantinople (1479) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of Constantinople was signed on January 25, 1479, which officially ended the fifteen year war between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire.
		Based on the terms of the treaty, the Venetians were allowed to keep Dulcigno, Antivan, and Durazzo.
		As a result of this treaty, Venice acquired a weakened position in the Levant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1479) (164 words)

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