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Topic: Treaty of Easton

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	Easton, PA
		Easton continued to prosper as a center for industry, manufacturing, commerce, and culture at the Forks of the Delaware and along the great rail lines.
		Easton Cemetery's parklike cemetery landscape design is based on the picturesque romantic styles of the early and late 19th century.
		In 1906 the Easton Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution purchased and restored this historical landmark.
	www.easton-pa.com /index.asp?Type=B_LIST&SEC={51BBFAD6-DE7D-4AAB-9E8F-59C023501535}&Design=PrintView (2538 words)

	Treaty of Easton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of Easton was a colonial agreement in North America signed in October 1758 between the British colonial government of the Province of Pennsylvania and the Native American tribes in the Ohio Country, including the Shawnee and Lenape.
		Signed during the French and Indian War, the agreement specified that the Native Americans would not fight on the side of the French against the British provided that the British in Pennsylvania did not establish any settlements west of the Allegheny Mountains after the conclusion of the war.
		The treaty was part of the motivation for the subsequent Proclamation of 1763.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Easton (166 words)

	The Avalon Project : Refusal of the Chickasaws and Choctaws to Cede Their Lands in Mississippi : 1826
		A journal of the proceedings of the commissioners appointed to hold treaties, on the part of the United States, with the Chickasaw and Choctaw nations of Indians, at McLish's, in the Chickasaw nation, six miles east-wardly of the Old Agency; this being the place appointed by the Chickasaw Agent to hold the Chickasaw treaty.
		In the afternoon, General William Clark, one of the commissioners appointed to hold treaties with the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations of Indians, arrived; the proceedings of his brother commissioners were read to him, and a full view afforded him of their present state of negotiation.
		At three o'clock this day the council met, and the commissioners, being notified, attended; when, at the request of the council, the articles of agreement which had been submitted to their consideration were interpreted to the people in full council, and an answer in writing promised to be given to-morrow.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/ntreaty/nt007.htm (9065 words)

	The Despatches of James R Clendon US Consul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Certainly, the final English draft of the treaty was written at Clendon's house or, at the very least, another of his cottages or mercantile premises, on the 4th of February 1840, as Clendon's personal stock W Tucker 1833 paper was used for both Busby's final draft and Clendon's duplicate transcript.
		Treaties are generally composed of very exactly worded or legal texts, which do not vary down to the last "and", "but" or "comma".
		The treaty signing incentive moved from district to district, and it was not clear, in March 1840, if the majority of the country would be ceded in sovereignty to Queen Victoria or not.
	www.treatyofwaitangi.net.nz /Clendon'sDespatches.htm (17371 words)

	Brian Easton » OUR TREATY: What can the Treaty of Waitangi mean today?
		I was appalled by the proposal that the government should ban the teaching of the Treaty of Waitangi.
		Although the Treaty may be divisive today, hiding from the dissension will not resolve it.
		The principle is not peculiar to the Treaty.
	www.eastonbh.ac.nz /?p=721 (691 words)

	Treaty of Easton information - Search.com
		The Treaty of Easton was a colonial agreement in North America signed in October 1758 between the British colonial government of the Province of Pennsylvania and the Native American tribes in the Ohio Country, including the Shawnee and Lenape.
		Signed during the French and Indian War, the agreement specified that the Native Americans would not fight on the side of the French against the British provided that the British in Pennsylvania did not establish any settlements west of the Allegheny Mountains after the conclusion of the war.
		The treaty was part of the motivation for the subsequent Proclamation of 1763.
	www.search.com /reference/Treaty_of_Easton (179 words)

	1840 Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The document was never issued by the Government for use in the Treaty signing assemblies, but Reverend Robert Maunsell, who had acquired it by some means, chose to use it as a repository for signatures in lieu of the large "official" Treaty document (in Maori) which had not arrived in time for his meeting.
		Copies of the Treaty were made by Freeman and dispatched from the Bay of Islands with Henry Williams on the Ariel and overland by Captain W. Symonds.
		The only area within the wording of the Treaty, where the missionaries were concerned that the chiefs might not understand the full implications of what they had agreed to, related to "selling their land directly to the Queen's representative" and having no right to sell it directly to the settlers.
	www.treatyofwaitangi.net.nz /Timeline2.html (8515 words)

	The Moravian Historical Society
		Easton remembers the Indian treaty ** In the 1750s, the city was the center of talks to end war with tribes.
		By the time treaty negotiations began in the late 1750s, the Quakers -- who had ceased to be a force in Pennsylvania government - - were called in to participate in the talks.
		The presentation also included information on the role of Indian women in the treaty, given by Carrie Fellows, of the Corning- Painted Post Historical Society in Corning, N.Y. Indian women played a supporting role, she said, making the wampum belts that were used as a form of communication in negotiating the treaty.
	www.moravianhistoricalsociety.org /mcall/coombe-easton.php (402 words)

	The CFE Treaty
		Though the treaty was negotiated in a multilateral forum, it is firmly rooted in the alliance formations of the cold war-NATO and the WTO.
		The lengthy period of implementation is due to the overwhelming complexity of the treaty and the monumental task of either removing or destroying a vast array of equipment-roughly 32,000 pieces of treatylimited equipment (TLE) for the Warsaw Pact and 16,000 for NATO.
		The preamble of the treaty includes a clause that commits the signatories to strive "to replace military confrontation with a new pattern of security relations based on peaceful cooperation."7 Though the agreement is very specific in its technical content, it does not provide any description about how these new "patterns" are to be accomplished.
	www.fas.org /nuke/control/cfe/news/apj-95-mccaus.htm (7040 words)

	Insurer posts delayed results : The Morning Call Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Penn Treaty American Corp. finally released financial results for fiscal 2005 on Friday, but not without another touch of the delays that have frustrated it for more than a year.
		Penn Treaty said it expects to hold a conference call for investors shortly after the complete, audited results are filed.
		Penn Treaty's 2005 earnings were also dragged down by an $18.3 million charge related to the early end of one of its reinsurance agreements.
	www.mcall.com /business/local/all-penntreatymar17,0,1485807.story?coll=all-businesslocal-hed (599 words)

	Old Fort Johnson
		The peace treaty signed in 1645 allowed the French to resume the fur trade, and the Mohawk, who had suffered heavy losses from war and epidemic, got the release of their warriors being held prisoner by the French.
		At the Treaty of Lancaster with the Iroquois, Shawnee and Delaware (and indirectly - Mingo) in 1748, Pennsylvania urged the Iroquois to restore the Ohio tribes to the Covenant Chain as a barrier against the French.
		The Treaty of Easton paid for Delaware lands taken by New Jersey, and Pennsylvania unilaterally renounced all claim to land west of the Appalachians that had been ceded by the Iroquois at the Albany in 1754.
	www.oldfortjohnson.org /native2.html (21698 words)

	Brian Easton » FOR WHOM THE TREATY TOLLS
		It is this intangible, but supplemented, English social contract which made necessary the third article of the treaty: the “tikanga” provision says that the Maori signatories would have the same rights and duties as the people of England.
		The treaty says that the property rights the Maori had before its signing were retained after, and the government was not to alienate them without Maori consent.
		That is why it is so vital that we should honour the Treaty of Waitangi, and remedy the grievances which have arisen from the past dishonouring — in the words of John Donne.
	www.eastonbh.ac.nz /?p=292 (903 words)

	Delaware
		At the Treaty of Lancaster signed in 1744, the Iroquois gave permission for the British to build a trading post at the forks of the Ohio (Pittsburgh), but both Pennsylvania and Virginia interpreted the agreement as the Iroquois cession of their claims to Ohio to themselves.
		At the second Treaty of Lancaster (1748) with the Iroquois, Shawnee, and Delaware, the governor of Pennsylvania urged the Iroquois to "remove the petticoat" from the Delaware and restore the Ohio tribes to the covenant chain as a barrier against the French.
		A similar treaty was signed at Fort Finney with the Shawnee in 1786, but many alliance warriors demanded the Ohio, not the Muskingum as the boundary, while the Long Knives would not be satisfied until they had the entire Ohio Valley.
	www.tolatsga.org /dela.html (16675 words)

	RedNation, Inc.'s Online Native American Community - Delaware History
		By the terms of the treaty, the Wappinger and Metoac became subject to the Mohawk and Mahican and were required to pay an annual tribute in wampum.
		At the Treaty of Lancaster signed in 1744, the Iroquois gave permission for the British to build a trading post at the forks of the Ohio (Pittsburgh), but both Pennsylvania and Virginia interpreted the agreement as the Iroquois cession of their claims to Ohio to themselves.
		At the second Treaty of Lancaster (1748) with the Iroquois, Shawnee, and Delaware, the governor of Pennsylvania urged the Iroquois to "remove the petticoat" from the Delaware and restore the Ohio tribes to the covenant chain as a barrier against the French.
	www.rednation.net /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=929 (10501 words)

	Shawnee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Treaty of Camp Charlotte, Cornstalk and the Shawnees were compelled to recognize the Ohio River boundary established by the 1768 Stanwix treaty.
		After the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, most of the Shawnee bands signed the Treaty of Greenville a year later, in which large parts of their homeland were turned over to the United States.
		Missouri joined the Union in 1821 and, after the Treaty of St. Louis in 1825, the 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Cape Girardeau to southeastern Kansas, close to the Neosho River.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shawnee_(tribe) (1630 words)

	DAATHERORO (or THOMAS SENIOR)
		Seneca signer to the Treaty of Buffalo Creek.
		Secretary to the commissioners at Treaty of Greenville.
		enclosed in the proceedings of the councils at Easton.
	microformguides.gale.com /Data/Index/203000d.htm (5386 words)

	DELAWARE
		treaty with the Delaware, Shawnee, and Mingo because it
		Penn's 1682 treaty with the Delaware, this one was
		treaty was needed in 1806 to resolve this.
	nanticokeindiansofdelaware.bravehost.com /DELAWARE.html (12710 words)

	American Indian Collections at the APS
		Sends draft of treaty for Weiser to negotiate with such of Five Nations as are around.
		Mentions Indian land purchases; treaty of Easton; George Croghan; annoyance of Indians; Delaware disputes with Mohawks.
		Glad treaty and purchase of Indian land came out; that Indians had said "they had no lands to sell" at the Forks agrees with their opinion that these were Jersey Indians.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/guides/indians/info/del2.htm (3759 words)

	"Gloomy and Dark Days" : Historical Society of Pennsylvania
		Particularly galling was the Penn familyâs claim to have purchased two large swathes of land in treaties with the Haudenosaunee, or Six Nations Iroquois, in 1749 and 1754, purchases that most Indian residents considered invalid.
		Second, no British government had any pretense to having negotiated a treaty with any native power for the lands at the forks of the Ohio that the French and British crowns (and the Virginia and Pennsylvania governments) were fighting over.
		In October of that year, at the Treaty of Easton, the Pennsylvania government agreed to prohibit further Euro-American settlement west of the Appalachians and surrender claims to much of the western land acquired in the 1754 purchase.
	www.hsp.org /default.aspx?id=623 (2134 words)

	Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin Government
		And whereas the undersigned are satisfied, and believe that the best efforts of the said commissioner were directed and used to procure, if practicable, the unconditional assent of the said Menominees to the change proposed by the Senate of the United States in the ratification of the said treaty: but without success.
		Which said agreements thus forming a Treaty, were laid before the Senate of the United States during their then session: but were not at said session acted on by that body.
		So far as the tribes to which we belong are concerned, we are perfectly satisfied, that the treaty should be ratified on the terms proposed by the Menominees.
	www.menominee-nsn.gov /government/treaties/treaty10271832.php (768 words)

	French and Indian War Timeline
		A treaty signed by the Iroquois Nation and representatives of Pennsylvania includes a secret agreement that the Iroquois will speak for the Delawares and all other Indians on the colony's borders.
		Land disputes are settled, and friendship with the Iroquois is renewed upon signing a treaty at Easton, Pennsylvania.
		General John Forbe's British Army succeeds in capturing the Forks of the Ohio, and discover that the French have evacuated and destroyed Fort Duquesne.
	projects.juniata.edu /currents/timeline/timeline.html (561 words)

	Swartwoutmassacre
		Hunt’s mother, anxious for his return, if alive, attended the general conference at Easton in October 1758, where a treaty was made with the Six Nations, and finding an Indian there who knew her son, she gave him £60 to procure his freedom and return him to his friends.
		His mother, anxious for his deliverance if alive, attended the general conference at Easton, in October 1758, where a treaty was made with the six nations, and, finding a savage there who knew her son, she gave him sixty pounds to procure his freedom and return him to his friends.
		Hunt was soon after liberated under that provision of the treaty of Easton which made a restoration of prisoners obligatory upon the Indians, and reached home in 1759, after a servitude of three years and nine months.
	www.users.nac.net /raspberry5/Swartwoutmassacre.htm (2290 words)

	PA-CUMBERLAND TWP. MAP
		The treaty line shows on a map two pages ahead, which is intended to show the county in the colonial era: beginning on the river,between today's Snyder and Union Counties, it ran straight to the Warren County border with New York.
		Further encouraging to settlement was the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, signed N ovember 5, 1768, which marked the final defeat of the Indians by British forces.
		The terms of this treaty gave more than half the land earlier returned by the Easton treaty to Pennsylvania, which attached it to Cumberland County.
	members.tripod.com /~adriannehopkins/pa-cumbe.htm (774 words)

	Relive: French and Indian War History
		The treaty they signed promised that the British would prevent settlement on all of the lands west of the Allegheny Mountains after the war.
		The Treaty of Easton promised to eliminate forts on American Indian land – yet this fort was much larger than a trading post.
		It was becoming clear the promises of the Treaty of Easton were not to be honored.
	www.frenchandindianwar250.org /relive/the_history.aspx (4952 words)

	[No title]
		Hence, the treaty commissioners at Albany, in 1775, were not just engaging in the rhetoric of Iroquois diplomacy, they were demonstrating that they had a knowledge of and were using parts of the Great Law in their deliberations even before independence was declared.
		It should be noted that the treaty commissioners recognized that Abraham and Hendrick were part of an Iroquois tradition to teach the American people strength through unity.
		Although it is generally not acknowledged, Thomas Paine was a secretary to an Iroquois Treaty at Easton, Pennsylvania in early 1777.
	www.textfiles.com /politics/iroquois.txt (3119 words)

	History of Conrad Weiser Homestead
		Weiser was predominantly responsible for negotiating every major treaty between the colonial settlers in Pennsylvania and the Iroquois Nations from 1731 until 1758.
		Weiser’s knowledge of the Iroquois was immediately employed, as an Oneida Iroquois, Shikellamy, enlisted Weiser’s abilities as a diplomat to negotiate a series of land ownership treaties between the Pennsylvania colonists and the Indians.
		Weiser conducted his final substantial contribution to Indian/Colonial diplomacy in 1758, negotiating the Treaty of Easton, which concluded the vast majority of Indian insurrection in the eastern third of Pennsylvania.
	www.conradweiserhomestead.org /history.htm (669 words)

	NEPA News - News in brief from eastern Pennsylvania
		EASTON, Pa. (AP) _ An original Indian peace treaty signed in Easton, and sold for $71,500 at a Christie's auction four years ago, was expected to become a centerpiece in a new history museum in the city.
		Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society in Easton received the letter in March, three months after local car dealership owner L. Anderson Daub donated the treaty to the society, Executive Director Colleen Lavdar said.
		Daub, a collector of Easton and Northampton County historical documents, purchased it from the collection of billionaire Malcolm Forbes in 2002 because he hoped to someday display it.
	www.zwire.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=16884593&BRD=2212&PAG=461&dept_id=465812&rfi=6 (534 words)

	Inventory of Conflict and Environment (ICE), French and Indian War
		Unfortunately, the British were not nearly as hospitable to the Indians as the Dutch had been and the Indians lost nearly a third of their population in a short time frame following the arrival.
		In 1713, Spain signed the Treaty of Utretch with Britain following the War of Spanish Succession (or Queen Anne's War as it is known in Britain).
		Through the treaty Britain gained control of most of the land East of the Mississippi River, leaving the French and Indians to have the land west of the river.
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/french-indian.htm (2359 words)

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