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Topic: Treaty of Edinburgh

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	Wars of Scottish Independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1290, the Guardians of Scotland signed the Treaty of Birgham agreeing to the marriage of the Maid of Norway and Edward of Caernarvon, the son of Edward I, who was Margaret's great-uncle.
		Another treaty with King Eric II of Norway was hammered out, in which for the sum of fifty thousand groats he would supply one hundred battleships for four months of the year, so long as hostilities between France and England continued.
		But Edward III, despite having given his name to the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, was determined to avenge the humiliation by the Scots and he could count on the assistance of Edward Balliol, the son of John Balliol and a claimant to the Scottish throne.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wars_of_Scottish_Independence (3711 words)

	Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prior to the Treaty of Edinbugh-Northampton, Edward II claimed he adhered to a truce, but he allowed English privateers to attack Flemish vessels trading with Scotland.
		Isabel and Mortimer agreed in the treaty that they in the name of young Edward III "renounced all pretensions to sovereignty" to Scotland; and Joanna (six years of age), sister of Edward III, was promised in marriage to David (four years of age), son of Robert Bruce.
		It is sometimes claimed that as part of the treaty, Edward III agreed to return the Stone of Destiny to Scotland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Edinburgh-Northampton (550 words)

	Hardie Family History -
		Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, is steeped in history and culture.
		In 1328 the Treaty of Edinburgh was signed by Robert I of Scotland and Edward III of England, which recognised Scotland's independence.
		Edinburgh university was founded in 1583 and two years later in 1585 there was severe attack of the plague.
	users.bigpond.net.au /hardiehistory/placehistory/Scotland/Midlothian/Edinburgh.htm (2048 words)

	Places of Scottish Interest - Edinburgh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland - the location of the Scottish Parliament.
		Edinburgh was known in Scottish legend and literature as Dunedin (Dun Eideann in Scots Gaelic).
		Edinburgh Castle The first two paragraphs add to the early history of the castle.
	www.webcom.com /us_scot/scotplaces/Edinburgh/edinburgh.html (629 words)

	Auld Edinburgh - Tourist information, Accommodation, Eateries, History and much more
		The rock upon which Edinburgh Castle now stands is a natural stronghold, and warring Celtic tribes are believed to have used it as such during the first centuries of the first millennium.
		Espionage and bloodshed suffused every level of Edinburgh society, most famously in an incident when Queen Mary could only watch in horror as her secretary and confidant, David Rizzio, was murdered by a group of noblemen in Holyroodhouse under the orders of her husband, Lord Darnley.
		The Edinburgh and Leith railway line was built in 1831, which linked the port and industrial centre with the capital city, and the Edinburgh and Glasgow line then followed in 1842, then in 1846 Edinburgh was finally linked by rail to London.
	www.auldedinburgh.co.uk /history/genhist.htm (2571 words)

	Edinburgh to Aberdeen via Dundee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The monument is styled on the aisle of Melrose Abbey and the foundation stone was laid on the 15th August, 1840 - the 69th anniversary of Scott's birth.
		Margaret was lying ill in Edinburgh Castle and she died on hearing the news.
		The Treaty of Union between Scotland and England in 1707 was opposed by many in Scotland and the government decided to keep the Regalia hidden from public view in case they became a focus for nationalist discontent.
	www.lawrieweb.com /ea/ea01.html (1879 words)

	Scots Members of the French Nobility
		The treaty provided for the marriage of Henry V with Charles VI's daughter, and the accession of Henry V to the French throne upon the death of Charles VI, passing over the Dauphin Charles, son of Charles VI.
		The duke argued that the clause of the treaty of 1814 created an exception to that law in his favor, and that the courts were incompetent to interpret or alter an international treaty.
		The treaty of Edinburgh between Scotland and England (7 Jul 1560) included a promise that the duke of Châtellerault would be returned to the possession and enjoyment of all the lands he possessed before that date.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/scotfr.htm (6246 words)

	Mary, Queen of Scots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The treaty that would result (Treaty of Edinburgh) would request the removal of French troops from Scotland in exchange for the discontinued use of the English Crest by Mary.
		She was conducted first to Edinburgh, and then to the secluded castle of Lochleven, where Elizabeth's emissaries were ready to aid in procuring her renunciation of the throne in favour of the infant James (then little more than a year old), who was afterwards solemnly crowned at Stirling on the 29th Of July, 1567.
		Her life had been a seven years' tragedy, full of horrors and of fierce conflict, full also of such strange alternations of sentiment, such contradictory impulses, and what would appear to be reckless abandonment of ordinary sentiments, that she might have been deemed a wreck.
	www.royalstuarts.org /mary_1.htm (2475 words)

	Edinburgh Evening News - Top Stories - Blast from past
		The Siege of Leith, from 1559 to 1560, led to the Treaty of Edinburgh, the eventual fall of the Catholic Church in Scotland and the end of the Franco-Scottish Alliance.
		By 1559, the people of Edinburgh had had enough and, led by the Protestant Lords of the Congregation, 12,000 people set out to clear the French from their fortified positions - to no avail.
		The siege finally ended in 1560 with the Treaty of Edinburgh, under which the French agreed to go home and destroy the fortifications in Leith.
	edinburghnews.scotsman.com /index.cfm?id=897412004 (727 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		The Treaty of Bretigny in 1360 ceded huge areas of northern and western France to English sovereignty.
		Hostilities arose again in 1369 as English armies under the king's third son, John of Gaunt, invaded France.
		English military strength, weakened considerably after the plague, gradually lost so much ground that by 1375, Edward agreed to the Treaty of Bruges, leaving only the coastal towns of Calais, Bordeaux, and Bayonne in English hands.
	www.britannia.com /history/monarchs/mon32.html (861 words)

	Skyelander's COMPLETE Scottish History Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Treaty of Falaise is signed by William the Lion after losing to the English.
		Treaty of Birgham: arranges for marriage of Edward I of England's son to the "Maid of Norway".
		Treaty of Northhampton signed between Edward III and Robert I officially recognising Scottish independence and Robert Bruce as it's king.
	members.aol.com /Skyelander/timeline.html (4170 words)

	Denmark's Yes, But (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In preparation for the negotiations of the Maastricht Treaty, the Danish government had presented a memorandum on 4 October 1990 which was also supported by the opposition parties except for the Socialist People's Party and the so-called Progress Party.
		When the Maastricht Treaty was finalized, it included more than had been incorporated in the Danish memorandum, but the leading opposition parties decided to join the government and accept it neertheless.
		Therefore, at the time of the referendum on 2 June 1992, the Maastricht Treaty was supported by the Danish government, a Conservative-Liberal minority government, as well as the leading opposition parties, the Social Democrats, the Radical Liberals and the Centre Democrats.
	www.eipa.nl /Eipascope/93/3/4.htm (2602 words)

	Royal Mile - A brief History of Edinburgh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Edinburgh, 'fortress of the hill slope', founded by Edwin of Northumbria.
		Edinburgh Castle sacked by English king, Edward I. Scots recapture castle.
		French abandon all claim to Scotland in Treaty of Edinburgh.
	www.royalmile.com /info/history.htm (89 words)

	The American Gazette: On Being a Redneck
		In 1560 the Protestants signed a treaty with England that promised English help to rid Scotland of the French troops, and Mary of Guise was then forced into the position of having to sign a the treaty of Edinburgh in which the Queen Regent agreed to remove the French Troops.
		Thousands showed up in Edinburgh to sign it, some in their own blood with many then putting bits or neckerchiefs of red around their necks to signify they were willing to lose their "necks" over their faith.
		While the terms of the treaty ending this affair were not ungenerous to Catholics, they wer soon to suffer from the penal laws that were designed to ensure Protestant ascendancy in Irish life.
	americangazette.blogspot.com /2004/11/on-being-redneck.html (5208 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mary Queen of Scots
		At last the starving French garrison of Leith was obliged to yield to a large English force, and Mary's representatives signed the Treaty of Edinburgh (6 July, 1560).
		One clause of this treaty might have excluded from the English throne all Mary's descendants, amongst them the present reigning house, which claims through her.
		Darnley, who had been ill in Glasgow, was brought back to Edinburgh by his wife, and lay that night in her lodgings at Kirk o' Field.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09764a.htm (2633 words)

	Untitled
		Mary refused to ratify the treaty on the grounds that the French agreed to England's demand that Mary not use the arms of England on her heraldry.
		A list of "Concessions" was included in the Treaty, one of which allowed for the calling of a Scottish Parliament, which convened on 1 August 1560.
		Elizabeth I, angered by Mary's refusal to ratify the Treaty of Edinburgh, would not guarantee her safe passage, but Mary reached the Scottish coast without interference.
	www.suite101.com /print_article.cfm/4198/26898 (1121 words)

	World History 1550- 1575 AD
		Charles was forced to leave Germany and sign the Treaty of Passau granting the Protestants religious liberty.
		The next year French troops in Scotland try to assert the claim of Mary against Elizabeth, who the Catholics claim is illegitimate (Elizabeth was the daugther of Henry and Anne Boleyn whose marriage to Henry was consider null by the Catholics).
		The French troops were beseiged at Leith, and the French were forced to sign the treaty of Edinburgh ceasing their interferance in the affairs of Scotland.
	www.multied.com /dates/1550ad.html (1053 words)

	NICHOLAS WOTTON - LoveToKnow Article on NICHOLAS WOTTON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In 1543 he went on diplomatic business to the Netherlands, and for the next year or two he had much intercourse with the emperor.Charles V. He helped to conclude the treaty of peace between England and France in 1546, and was resident ambassador in France from 1546 to 1549.
		He left France in 1557, but in 1558 he was again in that country, helping to arrange the preliminaries of the treaty of Cateau Cambresis.
		In 1560 he signed the treaty of Edinburgh on behalf of Elizabeth, and he had again visited the Netherlands before his death in London on the 26th of January 1567.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /W/WO/WOTTON_NICHOLAS.htm (390 words)

	Great Scots: Psychological Perspectives on Scottish History and Leadership
		Bruce murders Comyn at Dumfries; Bruce is crowned at Scone by Isabel of Fife, countess of Buchan; Battles of Methven and Dail Righ — Bruce flees Scotland, probably for Ireland; Bruce's brother (Nigel), wife, sisters, and daughter are captured by the English — Nigel is executed.
		Treaty of Edinburgh ratified at Northampton; death of William Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews; Prince David marries Joan of the Tower, Edward III's sister.
		Treaties with Norway, France, and ultimately, England, are testimony to his diplomatic skills.
	www.drl.tcu.edu /Scotland/GreatScots/bruce.html (1583 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Treaty of Medina del Campo contained clauses directed against France, and Henry VII was reluctantly drawn into war on the Continent.
		The marriage treaty, severely restricting Philips prerogatives as far as England was concerned, reflects the feelings of Englishmen about their queens husband.
		One of their fears was that English interests would be subordinated to those of Spain, still the more powerful of the two countries, and to some extent this fear proved too well grounded.
	www.colorado.edu /English/Ball/tudorhist.html (15437 words)

	Official Website of the RBS 6 Nations 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tom Stoppard raised the issue in his play Jumpers when he posed the question of whether Edinburgh was the Athens of the north or the Reykjavik of the south.Which raises the question of whether Stoppard has ever been to Reykjavik.
		By then the English had been and done their worst thanks to Edward I but in 1328 Robert the Bruce signed the Treaty of Edinburgh and made the city a royal burgh.
		With the Stewarts gaining control of the English crown in 1603, the influence of Edinburgh grew and in 1633 it was made capital of Scotland.
	www.6nations.net /city_edinburgh_about.htm (407 words)

	Mary Queen of Scots - History of Leith
		The French were to leave the country within twenty days, the Walls of Leith were to be demolished and Mary, Queen of Queen of Scots and Francis II were to remove the Coat of arms of England from their coat of arms.
		However, in defiance she refused to sign the treaty and earned for herself the undying hatred of Elizabeth I of England.
		So in return for French help the treaty of Haddington and the young Mary, Queen of Scots was taken to France where she later married the son of Henry II in 1558.
	johnarthur.tripod.com /leithhistory/mary.htm (739 words)

	John Knox: The Watchman of Scotland
		A treaty was signed in February 1560 between England and the Lords, in which the English swore to help their neighbors rid themselves of the French.
		The result was the treaty of Edinburgh in which Mary the Queen Regent agreed to evacuate the French troops from Scotland.
		In fact, Francis sent a letter back to the Parliament in Scotland to the effect that he was disappointed by their actions and would be sending delegates from France to assemble a true Parliament with the view of setting matters straight.
	www.reformed.org /webfiles/antithesis/v1n3/ant_v1n3_knox.html (3352 words)

	Mary, Queen of Scots
		William Cecil was sent to Scotland to negotiate peace with the Scots, and he played a prominent part in drawing up a treaty with the Scottish government, which guaranteed peace between the two realms.
		The treaty of Edinburgh was never ratified by Mary, however, as she refused to relinquish her claim to the English throne that the English requested.
		Because she was still refusing to sign the Treaty of Edinburgh, Elizabeth denied her cousin passage through England, and so Mary had bravely sailed the distance from Calais to Leith directly.
	www.elizabethi.org /us/queenofscots (2682 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Bruces > David II
		He was only four when he himself was married to Princess Joanna of England in accordance with the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton.
		He was held prisoner in the south for eleven years, during which time Scotland was ruled by his nephew, Robert the Steward.
		Finally, on 3 October 1357, the Scots agreed by the Treaty of Berwick to pay an enormous ransom of 100,000 merks for him, and he was allowed to return home.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page123.asp (413 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Before the Treaty was concluded, Parliament was voting Elizabeth to be Supreme Governor of the Church in England, and substituting the Book of Common Prayer for the Mass.
		The Treaty of Edinburgh was signed by the commissioners, July 6, shortly after the death of Mary of Lorraine (June 11).
		Mary even agreed to ratify the Treaty of Edinburgh, to send her son as a hostage to England, and never to marry without Elizabeth's consent.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh308.html (14017 words)

	F.A.Q. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Seven years later Mary of Scots was overthrown, and certain 'articles', to which the leaders of the people subscribed, virtually formed a still further 'band' to enable Protestantism to become 'rooted, grounded and settled' in the land.
		The dread inspired by the approach of the Spanish Armada in 1588 moved King James VI and 'divers of his Estates' to enter into another covenant known as 'The General Band', and during the next four or five years, still further covenants concerning king, country and religion saw the light.
		More important, however, from the spiritual standpoint was a covenant promoted by the General Assembly of the Scottish Kirk in 1596, for this made the Little Kirk of Edinburgh a very Bochim, the like of which had not been seen in Scotland since the Reformation.
	www.freechurch.org /fair/fair0.htm (1993 words)

	The Harleys of Scotland - 1550 to 1900
		Treaty of York settles the border to run from the Tweed to the Solway Firth
		Treaty of Edinburgh : Robert the Bruce formally recognised as king of an independent Scotland
		Rebellion by the Scottish Lords, Mary has to abdicate and flee to England where she is imprisoned by Elizabeth 1 for over 18 years.
	www.harley.4t.com /history.html (553 words)

	TIMELINE OF EDINBURGH HISTORY FACTS AND INFORMATION
		This article is intended to show a timeline of the history of Edinburgh, Scotland up to the present day.
		It shows its rise from an early hill fort and later royal residence to become the bustling city and capital of Scotland that it is today.
		1360: Edinburgh has almost 4,000 houses, and is regarded as the nation's capital; the castle is the usual royal residence, being strengthened in stone
	www.beatlesfacts.com /Timeline_of_Edinburgh_history (2767 words)

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