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	Treaty of Fez - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By the Treaty of Fez, signed March 30, 1912, sultan Abdelhafid gave up the sovereignty of Morocco to the French, making the country a protectorate.
		By the same treaty, Spain assumed a protectorate over Tangiers and the Spanish Sahara on the Atlantic coast in the southwest.
		He abdicated in favour of his brother Yusef after signing the Treaty of Fez.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Fez (181 words)

	Fez
		Fez is a religious, cultural and commercial centre.
		Fez is strongly dominated by the old centres, while the modern centres serve as a suburb to the two old cities.
		Fez has given name to the red, cylindrical hat used over most of the Muslim world.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/fez.htm (525 words)

	Yusef of Morocco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Born in the city of Meknes to Sultan Hassan I, he inherited the throne from his brother, Sultan Abdelhafid, who abdicated after the Treaty of Fez (1912), which made Morocco into a French protectorate.
		Though this originally began in the Spanish-controlled area in the north of the country, it reached to the French-controlled area until a coalition of France and Spain finally defeated the rebels in 1925.
		To ensure his own safety, Yusef moved the court from Fez to Rabat, which has served as the capital of the country ever since.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yusef_of_Morocco (204 words)

	MarocMart_NavigationBar
		It was very largely as a result of the of these people, with their refinements and skills, that Fez became a great spiritual and intellectual center whose influence very much reached to the far north of the country and, later, beyond.
		Fez flowered as never before, and the end of the 12C is generally regarded as an apogée in Morocco’s history.
		Fez is liberally scattered with fine examples within easy walking distance of the Karawiyine.
	www.marocmart.com /HistoricalSummary.asp (2402 words)

	Treaty of Fez -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In Morocco, the young sultan (additional info and facts about Abdelaziz) Abdelaziz acceded in 1894 at the age of ten, and Europeans became the main advisors at the court, while local rulers became more and more independent from the sultan.
		The sultan was deposed in 1908, and the situation of Moroccan law and order continued to deteriorate under his successor, (additional info and facts about Abdelhafid) Abdelhafid.
		He (additional info and facts about abdicated) abdicated in favour of his brother (additional info and facts about Yusef) Yusef after signing the Treaty of Fez.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tr/treaty_of_fez.htm (113 words)

	THE ORDER OF MALTA, SOVEREIGNTY, AND INTERNATIONAL LAW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A treaty is pending with the Republic of Malta (which had enjoyed full reciprocal diplomatic relations with the Order since 1964), under the terms of which the Castle of San Angelo, previously held on a lease as extra-territorial property, would be acquired by the Order as Sovereign territory.
		The treaty made special provision for those customarily resident in the Vatican, acknowledging that even while they retained other citizenship, they were subject to the Sovereign authority of the Holy See while on the territory of the Vatican City.
		The Treaty was intended to solve the "Roman Question", whose existence the Holy See did not acknowledge until the signature of the Treaty on 11 February 1929.
	www.chivalricorders.org /orders/smom/maltasov.htm (9540 words)

	The second factor contributing to the emigration of Moroccan Jews was the manipulation by the French colonists of the ...
		The second factor contributing to the emigration of Moroccan Jews was the manipulation by the French colonists of the interest of
		The second factor contributing to the emigration of Moroccan Jews was the manipulation by the French colonists of the interest of non-Moroccan Jewish organizations in protecting Moroccan Jews.
		The Treaty of Fez was signed on March 30, 1912, establishing the French protectorate.
	rickgold.home.mindspring.com /Emigration/emigration7.htm (611 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		Following recognition by the United Kingdom in 1904 of France's "sphere of influence" in Morocco, the Algeciras Conference (1906) formalized France's "special position" and entrusted policing of Morocco to France and Spain jointly.
		The Treaty of Fez (1912) made Morocco a protectorate of France.
		By the same treaty, Spain assumed the role of protecting power over the northern and southern (Saharan) zones.
	www.traveldocs.com /ma/history.htm (642 words)

	The Great Morocco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		But it was first after Ibn Tumart's death that his group had become strong enough to tipple the Almoravids from their power in Fez.
		Morocco is now out of his focus, and disintegrates and large parts of the country comes under the control of local tribes.
		A similar treaty was signed with Spain, who occupied most of the northern coast, and areas in the deep south.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~abimad/morocco.html (1678 words)

	the treaty of frankfurt and other frankfurt related information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It was ratified (1871) in the Treaty of Frankfurt.
		Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty Treaty of Fontainebleau Treaty of Frankfurt G General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Geneva Conventions Geneva Protocol Georgenberg Pact Treaty of Georgievsk German-Soviet...
		Under the Treaty of Verdun, in 843 Frankfurt was named the capital of the Eastern Franks.
	www.nethorde.com /frankfurt/the-treaty-of-frankfurt.html (318 words)

	Caravan-Serai Tours - Morocco - Handbook
		Casablanca is the center of commerce and industry and the leading port; Rabat is the capital; Tangier is the gateway to Morocco from Spain and also a major port; "Arab" Fez is the cultural and religious center; and "Berber" Marrakech is a major tourist center.
		Fez became the capital and spiritual center of Morocco and the supplications of its founder were realized for a thousand years thereafter.
		Called the Moroccan Versailles, this imperial city was built as the Moroccan capital on a fertile plain north of the Middle Atlas, near Fez by Sultan Moulay Ismail, one of the first rulers of the Alawite dynasty that governed Morocco.
	www.caravan-serai.com /countries/morocco/handbook.html (4852 words)

	Western Sahara - Sahara Occidental
		Sidi Muhammad bin Hasan, rebelled and proclaimed as Sultan in the Haouz of Marrakech 1895, and at Zair 1908.
		This alienated many of his subjects further, and he was forced to abdicate in favor of his elder half-brother, after a year of turmoil and insurgences, 12th August 1908, he thereafter resided in the international enclave at Tangiers.
		As a consequence, and as a means of quelling continuing unrest, he yielded and signed the Treaty of Fez establishing a French trusteeship over Morocco on 30th March 1912.
	sahara_opinions.site.voila.fr /Naffaa1.htm (1676 words)

	Riad Marocco - Riad Maroc - Riyad Marocco
		Recognition by the United Kingdom in 1904 of France's "sphere of influence" in Morocco provoked a German reaction; the "crisis" of 1905-6 was resolved at the Algeciras Conference (1906), which formalized France's "special position" and entrusted policing of Morocco jointly to France and Spain.
		A second "Moroccan crisis" provoked by Berlin, increased European Great Power tensions, but the Treaty of Fez (signed on March 30, 1912) made Morocco a protectorate of France.
		By the same treaty, Spain assumed the role of protecting power over the northern and southern (Saharan) zones on November 27 that year.
	www.riad-online.com /uk/home.htm (777 words)

	A History of Africa, Chapter 7
		Jefferson and the pasha of Tripoli signed a treaty ending the war in June 1805; the US Senate delayed ratification of the treaty for a year, because it still required that the United States pay ransom for sailors taken hostage by Algiers.
		She cancelled the treaties with Great Britain, ended trade with the French, and ordered the missionaries to leave; many Christians were killed in the persecution that followed.
		The treaty also forced Mohammed Ali to give back the Levant, but his rule over the Sudan was officially recognized, and--what he had wanted most of all--the governorship of Egypt, and the title of khedive (viceroy) would remain permanently in his family.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /africa/af07.html (18483 words)

	Morocco Travel Information - Morocco Hotels Travel Discounts
		The oldest of the imperial cities, Fès is arguably the symbolic heart of Morocco.
		The medina of Fez el-Bali (Old Fès) is one of the largest living medieval cities in the world and the gates and walls that surround it make it all the more magnificent.
		Next door to the old walled city is Fez el-Jdid, home to the city's Jewish community and many spectacular buildings.
	www.morocco-hotels-travel.com /travel_info.html (3246 words)

	Chapter One: Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the feverish negotiations that followed this international crisis, Spain's interests were represented by a vigorous colonial party composed of the prime minister, José Canalejas, a regenerationist politician in the Costa mold, Alfonso XIII ("el Africano," as he was rashly dubbed by Eugenio Montero Ríos), and the Spanish army.
		In March 1912 the French forced the sultan to accept the Treaty of Fez, which established a French "Protectorate" over the Sharifian Empire with the exception of northern Morocco, which was assigned to Spain in an agreement signed on November 27, just two weeks after the assassination of its architect, Canalejas.
		The Franco-Spanish treaty of 1912 is in Servicio Histórico Militar, Acción de España, 3:115-18.
	libro.uca.edu /boyd/chapter1.htm (10845 words)

	Spain Morocco Rif War 1893
		The attack plus the killing of Melilla's military commander caused a severe public outcry in Spain, and in November 1893, a 25,000-man force was sent to Melilla and eventually drove the Rif back.
		By the Treaty of Fez (1894) the sultan agreed to pay Spain a war indemnity of 20 million pesetas and to punish the Rif.
		In addition, Spain could proceed with its fortification of Melilla, where a buffer zone was established between it and Morocco.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/romeo/rif1893.htm (120 words)

	Abdelaziz: Moroccan history. Antiquity. Middle Ages. Islam. Modern Morocco. Protectorate. Independance.
		In 976, the Maghrawian took Sijilmassa from the Fatimides and Fez in 987 from the Umayads and then controlled the region of Aghmat.
		In 1912, sultan Abdelhafid signed the protectorate treaty (agreement of Fez, then capital) that divided Morocco into a French zone that took most of the country, a Spanish one in the Rif, in the Sahara and in Ifni, and an international one in Tangier.
		Therefore, from 1930, Moroccan intellectuals and the élite of the country, who were most graduated from French schools or from the University Al Qarawiyyin at Fez, gave birth to riots among town-dwellers, especially small shopkeepers and artisans.
	www.geocities.com /SiliconValley/Heights/7511/MorHistE.htm (3409 words)

	Andalous Moroccan Restaurant - Chicago
		Idriss II who died in 828In Morocco came the next dynasty, from the south.
		The Beni Marin were a tribe of Nomadic Zenata Berbers who came from an area between Taza and Algeria.
		At that time, there was another ruler, Ibn Wattas, who came from Asilah to Fez.
	www.andalous.com /History.asp (2597 words)

	Morocco (11/94)
		Casa-blanca is the center of commerce and industry and the leading port; Rabat is the seat of government; Tangier is the gateway to Morocco from Spain and also a major port; "Arab" Fez is the cultural and religious center; and "Berber" Marrakech is a major tourist center.
		In Fez, Morocco's religious capital, students from around the world study Islamic law and theology at Karaouine University, which is more than 1,000 years old.
		In 1984, Morocco signed a Treaty of Union with Libya, primarily aimed at ensuring a cessation of Libyan support for the Polisario.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/m/7685.htm (3855 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant
		Even then, Morocco continued to fight French and Spanish take-over attempts, and it was not until much later that France "pacified" most of the rebellious tribes, made compensatory arrangements in exchange for support with other tribes, and established the protectorate, shared with Spain, that was to last for forty-four years.
		He began by defying the Spanish and then the French in 1921, and eventually became the leader of a large coalition of tribes from the Rif, the mountainous northern tier of Morocco, that battled Spain and France for the next five years.
		That Treaty had been much anticipated by the Arabs, for they had been promised independent statehood by Britain and France in exchange for their support against Germany.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exaboyep.html (5377 words)

	Chronology of the Middle East, 1908 to 1966
		Ja‘far Abu al-Timman establishes the National (Watani) Party in opposition to the terms of the treaty; it is the source for many of the future leaders of left and pan-Arabist movements.
		Britain recognises the independence of the Kingdom of the Hijaz and the Sultanate of Najd (together with their dependencies of Asir and Ahsa) in May27, through the Treaty of Jeddah; Yemen, Oman and many eastern seaports are recognised as separate.
		The regent disowned the treaty on 21Jan; and Iraq does not ratify the Treaty.
	middleeastreference.org.uk /Chronology.html (10204 words)

	Timeline Morocco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Marrakesh was rebuilt by Spanish artisans and the next 2 centuries became known as the golden age of Marrakesh.
		1269 The capital was moved north to Fez after the Almohad dynasty fell.
		Sebastian was killed along with the King of Fez and the Moorish Pretender in the Battle of Alcazar.
	www.bonus.com /contour/timelines_history/http@@/timelines.ws/countries/MOROCCO.HTML (3542 words)

	HISTORY OF MOROCCO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Signing of the Treaty establishing the Arab Maghreb Union (U.M.A), in Marrakesh.
		Morocco ratifies in Cairo the denuclearisation treaty in Africa, which forbids the holding, stocking, circulation, use or experimenting of any kind of nuclear weapons or products in the African continent.
		Adoption by referendum of the new draft of the constitution which institutes a bicameral system, with a first house of representatives elected exclusively in a direct universal suffrage, and a second house of counselors, elected in an indirect suffrage.
	www.mincom.gov.ma /english/generalities/history/history.html (3509 words)

	Introduction
		Said Hajji was born in Salé on February 29, 1912 one month to the day of the signing of the Treaty of Fez which placed the southern half of Morocco under a French Protectorate.
		He shared the enthusiasm of his eldest brother who undertook steady correspondence with the leaders of the Rif revolution and who even proposed to put his residence at their disposal for use as a recruitment center for volunteers as well as a dispensary to heal the wounded from the front lines.
		There was a report that "the purpose of his trip to Fez was to find out the latest incidents there with regards to the demonstrations in support of the Destour and to establish liaisons to incite similar demonstrations in other Moroccan cities".
	www.said-hajji.com /en/book-preface.html (10891 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Morocco
		The Government annually organizes in May, 2001, the "Fez Festival of Sacred Music," which includes musicians from many countries representing many religions.
		The Government has organized in the past numerous symposiums among local and international clergy, priests, rabbis, imams and other spiritual leaders to examine ways to reduce religious intolerance and to promote interfaith dialogue.
		Between February 1 and March 1, 2001, 64 JCO members were convicted (and several acquitted) in trials in Rabat, Fez and Marrakech.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/morocco.html (10659 words)

	Ethnic Cuisine
		The city of Fez, the country's first royal capital, was founded in 799 AD and quickly became the center of cultural, economic and political life.
		Despite a reigning monarchy, the Europeans vied for control of Morocco throughout the 1800s, with the French finally prevailing as signaled by the Treaty of Fez in 1912.
		The strong Arab influence found in two of the royal cities, Fez and Marrakech, contributed greatly to Moroccan cuisine, as did the Andalusian sensibilities of Tetuan and the Jewish traditions from the coastal city of Essaouira.
	www.sallys-place.com /food/ethnic_cusine/morocco.htm (2955 words)

	King Hassan of Morocco: world leaders mourn a ruthless despot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		President Jacques Chirac represented France, which ruled Morocco under the Treaty of Fez from 1912 to 1956.
		Dayan's visit as Foreign Secretary to Fez in 1977 established the foundation for the Egyptian-Israeli peace accord and paved the way for Anwar Sadat's historic visit to Jerusalem.
		In 1982 Hassan hosted a meeting of Arab leaders in Fez where he pushed through agreement on a peace plan that called for the creation of a Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital, but implicitly recognised Israel's right to exist.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/jul1999/hass-j28_prn.shtml (2801 words)

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