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	Fort Stanwix - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Stanwix was a colonial fort erected in 1758 by British General John Stanwix, at the location of present-day Rome, New York.
		In 1768, Fort Stanwix was the site of an important treaty conference between the British and the Iroquois, arranged by William Johnson.
		The British failure to capture the fort and proceed down the Mohawk Valley was a severe setback and eventually led to the defeat of General John Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Stanwix (483 words)

	Treaty of Fort Stanwix - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1768, Sir William Johnson and representatives of the Six Nations negotiated an important treaty at Fort Stanwix between the British government and the Iroquois.
		The final treaty was signed on November 5 with one signatory for each of the Six Nations and in the presence of representatives from New Jersey, Virginia and Pennsylvania as well as Johnson.
		Another treaty was conducted at the fort between the United States and Native Americans in 1784, one of several treaties signed after the American victory in the Revolutionary War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Stanwix (396 words)

	Brief Histories — Fort Stanwix National Monument Fourth Grade Education Packet
		Stanwix was built by the British in 1758 to protect the Oneida Carry and the settlements to the east of it from attacks by the French during the French and Indian war.
		In 1776 the former Fort Stanwix was rebuilt and renamed Fort Schuyler, in honor of General Philip Schuyler.
		The fort continued to be garrisoned by American troops until the spring of 1781, when a combination of heavy spring rains and fire destroyed a good deal of the fort and rendered it indefensible.
	www.nps.gov /fost/edpackets/fourthhistories.htm (4479 words)

	HOW THE LAND OF THE CHICKMAGUANS WAS STOLEN
		By this treaty, the line was changed to run south from the mouth of the Kanawah to the Holston, thus cutting off the Chickamaguans from the whole of their hunting grounds in West Virginia and Virginia.
		Treaty of Lochabar- This treaty was concluded at Lochabar, S.C., October 18, 1770.
		Treaty of Hopewell or Hawkins' Treaty: The articles of confederation were adopted in 1781 and the control of Indian affairs devolved upon the United States.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /rothko/420/aniyuntikwalaski/treaty/treaty.html (3959 words)

	National Indian Law Library, Indian Law Bulletins, Unreported Case, Secretary of Labor v. Akwesasne Mohawk Casino
		The treaties relied on by the judge were among a series of treaties the United States entered into with the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy beginning in 1784.
		Thacher, 189 U.S. The Fort Stanwix Treaty of 1784 established western and southern boundaries for the lands of the Six Nations, and provided that the Six Nations "shall be secured in the peaceful possession of the lands" they inhabited east and north of those boundaries.
		The Fort Stanwix Treaty likewise was not signed by the Mohawks at its inception, as evidenced by language in the Fort Harmar Treaty specifically exempting the Mohawks unless within six months they declared their assent to the earlier treaty.
	www.narf.org /nill/bulletins/dct/unreported/Akwesasne.htm (2156 words)

	No. 05-905: Seneca Nation of Indians v. New York - Opposition
		Article III of the Treaty of Canandaigua delineated the boundaries of the Seneca reservation and "acknowledge[d] all the land within the aforementioned boundaries, to be the property of the Seneka nation." Pet.
		The Treaty of Fort Stanwix did not resolve the disputes between the United States and the Seneca, however, and the Seneca continued to occupy lands to the west of the 1784 Fort Stanwix cession line.
		The Treaty of Canandaigua thus returned to the Sen eca all of the lands within present-day New York that the Seneca had given up at Fort Stanwix, except the Niagara Corridor to the north of Niagara Falls (the Northern Niagara Corridor).
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/2005/0responses/2005-0905.resp.html (4207 words)

	Old Fort Johnson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1756 and 1757 he was engaged with his Indians in the abortive attempts of the British commanders to relieve Oswego and Fort William Henry; and in 1758 he was present with Abercrombie at the repulse of Ticonderoga.
		In General Prideaux's expedition against Fort Niagara in 1759, Sir William Johnson was second in command, and on the death of Prideaux by the explosion of a gun before that fort, he succeeded to the command in chief.
		The siege was afterward resumed, but on the approach of Arnold to the relief of the fort, on 22 August, St. Leger and Johnson fled in haste and confusion to Canada, and their Indian allies, fearing to meet Arnold, deserted them.
	www.oldfortjohnson.org /willbio.html (1773 words)

	Ny Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		After the War, several important treaties with the Iroquois were signed at the fort, including the Fort Stanwix Treaty of 1784 and the Treaty of Canandaigua in 1794.
		Fort Dayton was named after Elias Dayton, a gallant and meritorious officer in the Revolutionary War who was sent by General Schuyler to construct the fort in the fall of 1776.
		It was at this fort that General Herkimer assembled his troops in August 1777 for their march to relieve the patriots at Fort Stanwix under siege by British force.
	www.house.gov /boehlert/NFP/nysites.htm (1813 words)

	INDIANS OF MICHIGAN
		By the terms of this treaty said lands were to be surveyed and sold by the United States in the same manner as other public lands, the proceeds to be applied for certain specific purposes defined in said treaty and the balance to be invested in public stocks for the benefit of said Indians.
		By the treaty of 1932 made at the Tippecanoe river there is granted to each of seventy-six persons named a specified quantity of load amounting in all to eighty-four and a half sections or 54, 080 acres, and patents are to be issued for the same.
		In the treaty it is stated that this land was estimated by good judges to be worth half a million of dollars, but the government agrees to pay for it instead, at the rate of thirty-six dollars an acre, or $23,040.
	www.mifamilyhistory.org /bay/imcl.htm (6116 words)

	"Guest Essay -- Sovereignty and Treaty Rights - We Remember", by G. Peter Jemison, Akwesasne Notes, Fall 1995
		In this treaty, Warrior Chiefs Joseph Brant of the Mohawks and Cornplanter of the Seneca conceded land in western New York State and in the Ohio Valley, land which the Six Nations was now trying to win back.
		Preliminary treaty obligations centered around the restoration of the Iroquois land ceded in the Fort Stanwix Treaty.
		County of Oneida, 414 U.S. (1974) (the Treaty of 1794 reflects the United States' acknowledgement that certain territory is the property of the Seneca Nation and that it shall remain theirs unless and until they choose otherwise; this Treaty determines the nature of these rights and is the supreme law of the land).
	www.ratical.org /many_worlds/6Nations/TreatyRights.html (5087 words)

	Iroquois
		The peace treaty signed in 1645 allowed the French to resume the fur trade, and the Mohawk, who had suffered heavy losses from war and epidemic, got the release of their warriors being held prisoner by the French.
		At the Treaty of Lancaster with the Iroquois, Shawnee and Delaware (and indirectly - Mingo) in 1748, Pennsylvania urged the Iroquois to restore the Ohio tribes to the Covenant Chain as a barrier against the French.
		The Fort McIntosh and Fort Finney treaties signed with the Wyandot, Delaware, Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Shawnee were useless because they did not reflect the consensus of the alliance or, in some cases, the tribes who signed.
	www.tolatsga.org /iro.html (22114 words)

	National Park Service - Founders and Frontiersmen (Fort Stanwix National Monument)
		No action occurred at the fort during that conflict, but in 1768 by the Treaty of Fort Stanwix the Iroquois ceded to the English a vast territory south and east of the Ohio River, and as far west as the mouth of the Tennessee River.
		Because the retreat to Canada of the western column after the failure to capture Fort Stanwix was a blow to the British strategy of concentration at Albany, it contributed to the defeat of Burgoyne at Saratoga, a few months later.
		Fort reconstruction began in the mid-1960s in tandem with an urban renewal program in downtown Rome to build two large city blocks anchored by a pedestrian mall.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/founders/sitea21.htm (586 words)

	Canada in the Making - Aboriginals: Treaties & Relations
		The ensuing treaty signed at Fort Stanwix, New York, pushed the border between Indian country and the colonies west to the banks of the Ohio River.
		In one particular abuse, blank treaties - where the Aboriginal chiefs signed their tribes' land rights away on a blank document - were often the order of the day.
		Many of these treaties were hastily and carelessly put together, particularly during the 1780s and early 1790s when the British were faced with an influx of Loyalist settlers emigrating from the newly created United States to the northern shores of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
	www.canadiana.org /citm/themes/aboriginals/aboriginals4_e.html (1637 words)

	Fort Stanwix National Monument 2002 Special Events and Programs
		Marchers will be escorted by fort troops from the Lower Landing, pass the upper landing and Fort Stanwix and finish at Gansevoort Park.
		Visitors to the fort will have an opportunity to sign their "John Hancock" to a copy of the Declaration of Independence with quill pen and ink as part of this national celebration.
		On October 22, 1784, the Treaty of Fort Stanwix was signed at Fort Stanwix, ending the Revolutionary War between the United States of America and the Iroquois Confederacy.
	www.nps.gov /fost/events.htm (1717 words)

	Wildernet - Fort Stanwix National Monument (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The fort was also the site of the treaty of Fort Stanwix with the Iroquois November 5, 1768.
		Recreation - Visitors are encouraged to start their experience of Fort Stanwix National Monument on the path to the fort, walking the Great Oneida Carrying Place.
		After hearing and seeing some of the background history and drama of the events that happened at Fort Stanwix, join a ranger led interpretive program and gain a greater understanding of the struggles these people endured.
	www.wildernet.com /pages/area.cfm?areaid=nyfost&cu_id=127 (516 words)

	Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)
		Other tribal members were critical of the treaty, claiming that it was concluded under duress and that those Indians who signed it did so without proper authorization.
		Thomas Jefferson, who crafted American land policy* during the mid-1780s, was attempting to fashion a revenue-generating procedure to fund pensions for the soldiers of the recently concluded war.
		Memorabilia related to Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784) is at auction on eBay.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1215.html (271 words)

	Mercer Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On the day in which we finished the treaty at Fort Stanwix, commissioners from Pennsylvania told our chiefs that they had come there to purchase from us all the lands belonging to us within the lines of their State, and they told us that their line would strike the river Susquehanna below Tioga branch.
		That treaty was not made with a single State— it was with the thirteen States.
		These great companies and speculators paid a small fee at the land office for their warrants when issued, and then sought by every means to get settlers on their claims within the two years prescribed by the act, allowing therefor from 100 to 200 acres out of their tract of 400.
	www.accessible.com /amcnty/PA/Mercer/Mercer02.htm (1249 words)

	1794 Canandaigua Treaty Commemoration Committee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		General Israel Chapin called for a treaty council to be held in Canandaigua during the fall of 1794.
		Preliminary treaty negotiations centered on restoration of Iroquois hunting grounds ceded in the Fort Stanwix Treaty.
		However, the Haudenosaunee continue to receive annual Treaty Cloth from the U.S. Government, an important symbolic gesture indicating that the terms of the treaty are respected and honored.
	canandaigua-treaty.org /Why_the_need_for_a_Treaty_2.html (513 words)

	Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768)
		British aims in the Treaty of Fort Stanwix are not entirely clear.
		The mounting friction culminated in 1774 in Lord Dunmore’s War, a clash that resulted in further white access to Indian hunting grounds and free navigation of the Ohio River.
		Memorabilia related to Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768) is at auction on eBay.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1214.html (328 words)

	Ratified treaty # 7 Treaty of Fort Stanwix, or The Grant from the Six Nations to the King and Agreement of Boundary ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Ratified treaty # 7 Treaty of Fort Stanwix, or The Grant from the Six Nations to the King and Agreement of Boundary — Six Nations, Shawnee, Delaware, Mingoes of Ohio, 1768O'Callaghan, E. (Ed.).
		Ratified treaty # 7: Treaty of Fort Stanwix, or The Grant from the Six Nations to the King and Agreement of Boundary — Six Nations, Shawnee, Delaware, Mingoes of Ohio, 1768
		At a Treaty with the 6 Nations Shawanese Delawares, Senecas of Ohio and Dependants andc.
	libr.unl.edu:8888 /etext/treaties/treaty.00007.html (5727 words)

	Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)
		In this treaty, the Six Nations agreed to relinquish all claims to the Ohio Country.
		Articles concluded at Fort Stanwix, or the twenty-second day of October, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four, between Oliver Wolcott, Richard Butler, and Arthur Lee, Commissioners Plenipotentiary from the United States, in Congress assembled, on the one Part, and the Sachems and Warriors of the Six Nations, on the other.
		The Commissioners of the United States, in consideration of the present circumstances of the Six Nations, and in execution of the humane and liberal views of the United States upon the signing of the above articles, will order goods to be delivered to the said Six Nations for their use and comfort.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1420 (344 words)

	FWB, July 1993
		The Treaty of Fort Stanwix, which ended hostilities in the region in 1768, pushed the border of Miami territory further west and resulted in the usurpation of thousands of acres of Indian land to European squatters.
		The Miami accepted this treaty as their final concession to the British, and based all their subsequent diplomacy and warfare on its terms.
		In 1784, the newly-formed U.S. government attempted to renegotiate the Fort Stanwix Treaty with many of the Indian nations in the old Northwest.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /public/fwc/Issue5/abenaki-2.html (989 words)

	FAARLICHIGH
		signer of the Treaty with the Senecas at Buffalo Creek.
		FORT AUGUSTA, COUNCILS AT proceedings of councils at Fort Augusta.
		FORT JOHNSON, COUNCILS AT councils with the Shawnee and Delawares.
	microformguides.gale.com /Data/Index/203000f.htm (5328 words)

	MACCOMB, Alexander
		Treaty with the Mohawks at Albany for the relinquishment
		Tuscarora signer to the Treaty of Buffalo Creek.
		a Munsee chief at the Treaty at Easton.
	microformguides.gale.com /Data/Index/203000m.htm (8031 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Documents: Treaty with the Six Nations, Fort Hamar, January 9, 1789
		Treaty with the Six Nations, Fort Hamar, January 9, 1789
		The United States of America renew and confirm the peace and friendship entered into with the Six Nations, (except the Mohawks), at the treaty beforementioned, held at fort Stanwix, declaring the same to be perpetual.
		And if the Mohawks shall, within six months, declare their assent to the same, they shall be considered as included.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/D/1776-1800/indians/six1789.htm (125 words)

	City of Johnstown - Historic
		It opened up settlement for all of Pennsylvania south of the historic Kittanning Path, and thus induced settlers to enter the valleys of the Conemaugh and the Stonycreek.
		It was five months before land warrants could be issued under the Fort Stanwix Treaty.
		But on the very day that the treaty became effective--April 3, 1769--a warrant was taken out for 249 acres that stretched between the Conemaugh and Stonycreek Rivers.
	www.johnstownpa.com /History/hist01.html (143 words)

	1794 Canandaigua Treaty Commemoration Committee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The historic Canandaigua Treaty of 1794, was negotiated by the Six Nations that make up the Iroquois Confederacy - the Seneca, Cayuga Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk, and the Tuscarora Aboriginal occupants of the lands surrounded by New York State, these Nations collectively called themselves the Haudenosaunee.
		Failure to include the interest of the Six Nations in the 1783 Treaty of Paris between the British and the United States had resulted in the 1784 Treaty of Fort Stanwix.
		In this treaty, Warrior Chief Joseph Brant of the Mohawks and Cornplanter of the Seneca had conceded land in New York and the Ohio Valley - land the Six Nations might now try to win back.
	canandaigua-treaty.org /Why_the_need_for_a_Treaty_1.html (485 words)

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