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	Encyclopedia: Treaty of Georgievsk
		The Treaty of Georgievsk established the protectorate of the Russian Empire on the Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti (in the eastern Georgia) and an alliance between the two countries in 1783.
		The treaty was signed by Prince Ivane Mukhranbatoni and Prince Garsevan Chavchavadze (Georgia) and General Potemkin (Russia) in the Castle of Georgievsk (North Caucasus) on July 24, 1783.
		The Soviet propaganda represented the Treaty of Georgievsk as an act of âbrotherhood of Russian and Georgian peoplesâ and illustrated it as a legal basis for annexation of Georgia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Treaty-of-Georgievsk (740 words)

	Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The claims of the legitimist pretender to the Russian throne, Grand Duchess Mariia Vladimirovna (daughter of TIH Vladimir and Leonida), depend in part on the equality of birth of the Romanov and Bagration dynasties.
		Treaty established between Her Imperial Majesty and Tsar Irakli II of Karli and Kakhetia.
		The present treaty is to remain in force forever; but in the case it shall be seen as necessary to change or amend it for the mutual benefit of [both signatories], such changes must be made by mutual consent.
	www.westminster.edu /staff/martinre/Treaty.html (458 words)

	Erekle II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Erekle's foreign policy was strongly pro-European and he sought alliance with several European governments against Persia and Turkey, but could not get any support.
		At last, he signed the Treaty of Georgievsk with Russia in 1783.
		Indeed, only two years later, Russia violated the Treaty of Georgievsk and annexed the Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti in 1801.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Erekle_II (364 words)

	Georgievsk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Georgievsk is railway junction: to Mineralny Vody, Prokhladny, Budennovsk, Nezlobnaya.
		MSA of Georgievsk is the second in MSA’s of region of Caucasus Mineral Waters (conurbation with 1,1 mln of inhabitants in the center of the North Caucasus).
		Georgievsk has a rather long and rich history for the conditions of the North Caucasus, but now it does not have a lot of sights.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/G/Georgievsk.htm (1965 words)

	THE ROMANOFFS AND THE BAGRATIONS
		In 1783, Empress Catherine the Great of Russia and King Irakly II signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, in which Russia guaranteed the territorial integrity of the Georgian kingdom in return for control of Georgia’s foreign policy.
		His conclusion was re-inforced by his study of the 1783 treaty, especially the provision guaranteeing forever the royal status of the Bagration dynasty.
		It is always within the authority of the head of a formerly reigning dynasty to be the final arbiter on the question of whether a marriage is equal for purposes of the dynasty’s laws.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Thebes/6517/bagrationart.html (3020 words)

	Treaty of Georgievsk -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The treaty foreshadowed the Ottoman Empire's future dependence on the European balance of power and also presaged the eventual dismemberment of its Balkan...
		The Treaty of Washington, signed on May 8, 1871, dealt with the Alabama claims issue between the...
		According to modern diplomatic usage, the term treaty is confined to particularly significant international agreements.
	secure.britannica.com /eb/article-9036525 (790 words)

	XVIII century
		In 1724, according to a treaty signed by Russia and Turkey, the latter recognized the western and southern coasts of the Caspian Sea as the property of Russia.
		The treaty of 1783 was a triumph of the forces that fought for the liberation of Georgia from the domination of Iran and Turkey.
		He asked for a renewal of the Treaty and for his son, Prince David, to be declared heir to the throne.
	alenika.ostmo.net /Georgia%27s%20History/18.htm (1987 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was ratified (1871) in the Treaty of Frankfurt.
		Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty Treaty of Fontainebleau Treaty of Frankfurt G General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Geneva Conventions Geneva Protocol Georgenberg Pact Treaty of Georgievsk German-Soviet...
		Treaty of Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt an der Oder Frankfurter, Felix Frankfurt Parliament Frankfurt School frankincense Frankland, Sir Edward Franklin, Ann Smith Franklin, Aretha Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, Sir...
	treaty_of_frankfurt.iqexpand.com (442 words)

	Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The competition between the Ottomans and the Safavids for control of the Caucasus was temporarily interrupted by the Treaty of Amasya (962/1555, q.v.).
		The treaty also set the tone of Russo-Iranian relations down to World War I and made manifest Persia's inability to challenge Russia's supremacy in Georgia and the Caucasus.
		Idem, Georgievskii traktat (The Treaty of of Georgiev), Tbilisi, 1983.
	rustaveli.tripod.com /cgi-bin/geoiran.htm (6664 words)

	The History of Georgia
		Russia did not live up to the conditions of that treaty when Catherine withdrew her troops from Georgia at the outbreak of the second Russo-Turkish war in 1787.
		King Irakli was forced to face a vastly superior force led by Shah Agha Mohamed Khan, who demanded the denunciation of the Georgievsk Treaty, when the Persians invaded Kartli-Kakheti in 1795.
		The Bolsheviks failed to provoke the population to rebel.
	members.tripod.com /ggdavid/georgia/history.htm (4474 words)

	Armenian History
		This “ethnic cleansing” of the Armenians from their historical homeland led Raphael Lemkin, the father of the Genocide Treaty, to coin the new term of “genocide” in the 1930’s in order to describe this historical plight of the Assyrians and the Armenians as subjects of the first genocide of the 20th century.
		Notwithstanding U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s recommendations through the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) to recreate an Armenia within the realm of its historical lands, it was vanquished by Turkey and was forcibly incorporated within the Soviet domain in 1920.
		Russia's annexation of the Crimea and its 1793 Treaty of Georgievsk with Erekle once again involved Russia in Transcaucasian affairs.
	www.armenianteens.com /history.php (6586 words)

	FOR MEDIA: GEORGIA & USA VISIT
		In 298, under the treaty concluded by Rome and Sassanid Persia in Nissibin, the Kartli Kingdom appeared to be under the Roman political control enabling the authorities to acknowledge Christianity.
		King Mirian is the first Christian king, and a preacher of that time is Nino of Cappadocia, born of father Zabilon, a well-known Roman commander, and of mother Susana, the sister of the bishop of Jerusalem.
		In 1783 the treaty of Georgievsk, signed between Russia and Georgia, actually laid the foundation for the abolition of the Georgian Church’s independence, which can be inferred from the following statements of the document: “… After the unification with Russia and the Russians, our coreligionists, His Excellency wishes that the Catholicos, i.e.
	www.georgiawelcomesusa.com /centuries.htm (5402 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		The zenith of Georgia’s power as an independent kingdom came in the 11th and 12th centuries, during the reigns of King David the Builder and Queen Tamara, who still rank among the most celebrated of all Georgian rulers.
		In 1783 the king of Kartli (in eastern Georgia) signed the Treaty of Georgievsk with the Russians, by which Russia agreed to take the kingdom as its protectorate.
		In 1801, the Russian empire began the piecemeal process of unifying and annexing Georgian territory, and for most of the next two centuries (1801-1991) Georgia found itself ruled from St. Petersburg and Moscow.
	www.traveldocs.com /ge/people.htm (615 words)

	Georgia: history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the 15th century it dissolved into small fiefdoms, becoming the object of territorial disputes between Turkey and Iran from the 16th to the 18th centuries and there were a number of anti-Turkish and anti-Iranian revolts.
		In March 1921, a peace treaty between the Russian Federation and Turkey was finalized, with the latter ceding Batumi and the northern part of Adzharistan, which became an autonomous republic within the Georgian SSR.
		In February, Georgia signed a friendship treaty with Russia, and in April a peace treaty was signed with the Abkhazian rebels in Moscow.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=31 (2001 words)

	[No title]
		And one more: Georgievsk treaty was made in 19th century, but after revolution happened in Russia, Georgia declared independence.And in 1921 Georgia was occupied by bolshevik Russia, thousands of people died in Tbilisi and in other cities from Russians.
		You are saying that according to Georgievsk Treaty Georgia became part of the Russian Empire.
		Georgievsk Treaty was an alliance treaty and it had nothing to do with treacherous anexation of Georgia by Russain Empire.
	www.enev-comment.com /shwmessage.aspx?ForumID=1&MessageID=1078&TopicPage=4 (1337 words)

	Republic of Georgia
		On July 24, 1783, the Treaty of Georgievsk was signed by representatives of King Herekle and Catherine the Great which made Kartli-Kakheti a protectorate of the Russian empire.
		The treaty of May 7, 1920, in which Soviet Russia and Social Democratic Georgia recognized each other’s covereignty was broken when, on February 14, 1921, the 11th Red Army crossed from Azerbaijan into Georgia.
		This was aim set to itself by the Georgian Communist Party whiah was accorded the rights of a legal party by the Treaty of 7 May 1920 concluded between Russia and Georgia.
	angelfire.com /ga/georgian/history.html (6867 words)

	Brief Survey.html
		In 1783 special envoys from the Georgian Kingdom signed a treaty in Georgievsk, a Russian stronghold in the North Caucasus, according to which the Russian Czars were recognized as the protectors of Georgia.
		In 1801, in complete breach of the Treaty, the Czar Alexander I unilaterally abolished the Georgian Kingdom and announced that as a gubernia the Russian Empire annexed it.
		After the defeat of Russia in the war and the signing of a separate treaty in Brest-Litovsk (March, 1918) independent states emerged in the Transcaucasus (Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan).
	www.policy.hu /~gomelauri/briefsurvey.html (1674 words)

	GeorgiaHistory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Georgians had to make concessions and conclude a treaty with the Turks, according to which Anis was ceded to the Moslem ruler but on terms of vassalage.
		According to the Treaty of Amasya, signed by Iran and Turkey, Western Georgia fell to Turkey, while Eastern Georgia and the eastern part of Samtskhé-Saatabago to lran.
		The treaty was ratified by King Ereklé II on January 24, 1784.
	rustaveli.tripod.com /sakartvelo/history/history.html (14596 words)

	History
		On July 24, 1783, Russian Emperor Catherine II and King of East-Georgian kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti Erekle II, signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, which made Kartli-Kakheti a protectorate of Russia.
		Russia did not live up to the conditions of that treaty when Catherine withdrew her troops from Georgia and King Erekle was forced to face a vastly superior force led by Iranian Shah Agha Mohamed Khan, who demanded the denunciation of the Georgievsk Treaty.
		In 1810 the King of Imereti Solomon II was forced by the Russians to flee to Turkey, and Imereti came under Russian rule, although Mengrelian and Abkhazian principalities preserved certain autonomy till 1864.
	tbileli.o-f.com /history.htm (2446 words)

	Iranica.com -EREKLE II
		Kar^m Khan's death in 1779 temporarily relived Erekle of these dangers, as Persia fell prey to a new period of instability.
		Erekle finally obtained the guarantees he had sought from Russia when he and Catherine II concluded the Treaty of Georgievsk in 1783 (Tsagareli, II/2, pp.
		But three years later, in 1801, Tsar Paul went beyond the Treaty of Georgievsk by proclaiming the incorporation of Kartli-Kakheti into the Russian empire.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v8f5/v8f559.html (1260 words)

	Abkhazia.Org - Forum
		In March, 1735, at Ganjeh a treaty was signed confirming the return to Persia of all the territories annexed by Peter the Great.
		In July, 1783, Russia and Georgia signed a treaty at Georgievsk in which Erekle renounced his allegiance to Persia and gave up his right to conduct foreign relations without Russian supervision and consent.
		The peace treaty of Golestan confirmed Russia’s acquisition of Georgia and of the khanates of Darband, Ganjeh, Qarabagh (Karabakh), Shirvan, Baku, Kubeh, and Talesh.
	www.abkhazia.org /discus/messages/31/32.html?MondayJanuary2120020413pm (10039 words)

	HISTORY OF IRANIAN-GEORGIAN RELATION - (CAIS at SOAS) ©
		The Treaty of Nisibis in 298 assured Roman control of eastern Georgia (Kartli) for the next sixty years (Frye, pp.
		In Georgia it established a rough balance between the two rivals, as Kartli, Kakheti, and eastern Samtskhe (Masq) fell into the Persian sphere of influence, and Imereti and western Samtskhe into the Ottoman.
		War between the two countries broke out again in 1826, and Russia's success on the battlefield and the Treaty of Torkamânchây in 1828 confirmed her control of Georgia (Shengelia, pp.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/iranian_georgian_relation.htm (5261 words)

	This Day in History - Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Treaty of Lausanne, the final treaty concluding World War I, was signed at Lausanne, Switzerland.
		Mata Hari went on trial before a military court; she was subsequently sentenced to death and shot by a firing squad.
		Catherine II (the Great) of Russia and Erekle II of Kartalinia-Kakhetia (eastern Georgia) concluded the Treaty of Georgievsk.
	www.britannica.com /eb/dailycontent?tocId=9396992 (378 words)

	Caspian Crossroads Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 1, Spring - Summer 1996
		Yet, this move cost Georgia not only the lives of several of its kings, who were executed by Iranians under the punitive campaign of Khan Agha Muhammad in 1795, but also its independence.
		Abrogated by the 1783 Georgievsk Treaty of Protectorship, Russia annexed Georgia and later abolished its statehood (1801).
		Yet, complete destruction of the state and social institutions, including the razing of the Georgian Church and loss of cultural identity, seemed to be an acceptable sacrifice for the preservation of Georgian unity and an interruption of slave trade and local raids by Turkey and Iran.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/USAZERB/212.htm (1850 words)

	CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies
		Incessant Turkish and Iranian raids forced the Georgians to choose between Muslim enslavement and patronage of Christian Orthodox Russia.
		Having selected the lesser of two evils Georgia became a Russian protectorate under the Treaty of Georgievsk of 1783.
		A promise of patronage turned out to be false: by its Manifesto of 12 September, 1801 Alexander I abolished Kartly (the Kakhetian Kingdom) and joined it to Russia.
	www.ca-c.org /journal/eng-04-2003/03.gudprimen.shtml (416 words)

	Treaty of Georgievsk -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		"Text of the treaty between the U.S. and the Dey of Algiers, signed in Algiers on June 30 and July 3, 1815.
		"Text of this ""Treaty of Amity Commerce and Navigation"" concluded on November 19, 1794 between the United States and Britain.
		"Text of the treaty between the U.S. and the Bey of Tripoli, signed at Tripoli on Nov. 4, 1796, and at Algiers on Jan. 3, 1797.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9036525 (790 words)

	Accord: A question of sovereignty. The Georgia-Abkhazia Peace Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Eastern Georgia becomes a protectorate of Russia in the Treaty of Georgievsk 1783.
		A treaty of alliance is signed between the two, though the division of responsibilities is not made clear.
		Georgia and Russia sign a Bilateral Treaty on Friendship and Co-operation which includes the eventual re-establishment of Russian military bases in Georgia, though vociferous opposition in the Georgian parliament means the treaty is not ratified.
	www.c-r.org /accord/geor-ab/accord7/Chronol.shtml (4088 words)

	KARTULI IDEA - THE GEORGIAN IDEA
		On the 24th July, 1783, in Georgievsk (this is the name-to-be of the town, now territory of Russia), in the remote area of Caucasus the notorious "Georgievsk treaty" was signed according to which the Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti (Eastern Georgia) entered under Russia's protectorate.
		Le Four stated flatly that in case of one party breaking some issues in the treaty the other party was legally authorised (competent) to annul the treaty [18].
		This treaty was violated by Russia on February 25, 1921, when the Red Army occupied and sovietized Georgia [8, 9].
	www.geocities.com /levan_urushadze_98/Georgia.html (3802 words)

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