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Topic: Treaty of London, 1913

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	Treaty of London - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Treaty of London, 1518 a non aggresion pact between the major European nations.
		Treaty of London, 1839 guaranteeing the neutrality of Belgium
		Treaty of London, 1867 guaranteeing the neutrality of Luxembourg
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_London (243 words)

	Treaty of London, 1913 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of London was convened in May 1913 to deal with territorial adjustments arising out of the conclusion of the First Balkan War.
		As a result of the terms of the Treaty of London, the Second Balkan War broke out between the combatants in June.
		A final peace was agreed at the Treaty of Bucharest on August 12, 1913.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_London,_1913 (333 words)

	1913, Jan. 6. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		TREATY OF LONDON, ending the First Balkan War.
		The Ottomans ceded all territory west of a line between Enos and Midia and abandoned all claim to Crete; the status of Albania and of the Aegean Islands was left to the decision of the powers.
		Treaty of alliance between Serbia and Greece against Bulgaria.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1138.html (348 words)

	First World War.com - Encyclopedia - The Treaty of London, 1913
		The armistice for the cessation of the First Balkan War was signed on December 3, 1912, and the London Peace Conference, composed of delegates from the Balkan allies, including Greece, who had not signed the armistice, and Turkey, held its first meeting on December 16, 1912.
		Kiamil Pasha telegraphed the Turkish commissioners at London that same night, directing them to yield Adrianople and agree to the cession of all Turkey in Europe beyond a line running from Enos on the Aegean Sea, at the mouth of the Maritza River, to Midia on the Black Sea.
		When the news of the coup d'état reached London it was recognized that further negotiations were useless and that the London Peace Conference had failed.
	www.firstworldwar.com /atoz/treatyoflondon.htm (1044 words)

	Treaty of Peace with Turkey, 24 July 1923
		PART I. From the coming into force of the present Treaty, the state of peace will be definitely re-established between the British Empire, France, Italy, Japan, Greece, Roumania and the Serb-Croat-Slovene State of the one part, and Turkey of the other part, as well as between their respective nationals.
		In the case of the islands referred to in Article 12, the annuity shall be payable as from the 1st/14th November, 1913, and, in the case of the islands referred to in Article 15, as from the 17th October, 1912.
		The inhabitants of territories detached from Turkey under the present Treaty shall, notwithstanding this transfer and the change of nationality consequent thereon, continue in complete enjoyment in Turkey of all the rights in industrial, literary and artistic property to which they were entitled under Ottoman law at the time of transfer.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/1918p/lausanne.html (8072 words)

	list of treaties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is a chronological list of important international treaties, agreements, peaces, etc..
		1359 - Treaty of London, ceding western France to England, repudiated by the Estates-General in Paris
		1839 - Treaty of London, guaranteeing the neutrality of Belgium
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /list_of_treaties.html (459 words)

	H1910
		1913 Nov 5, Vivian Leigh, American actress famous for her role as Scarlet O'Hare in "Gone With the Wind," was born.
		1913 The Chagres River in Panama was dammed for the construction of Panama Canal and a 4,000 acre island was formed called Barro Colorado.
		1913 Charles Dawson and Teilhard de Chardin found the canine tooth that was needed to identify their 1912 jaw as human and not ape.
	www.eleggua.com /History/1913.html (3246 words)

	PSM Data Bank for the Preparation of History Class (Primary Sources Survey: 20th Century, International, Bulgaria)
		Treaty of Berlin between Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and Turkey, July 13, 1878, excerpt, posted by ANN (the Armenian News Network)
		Treaty of Peace between Greece, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Serbia on the one part and Turkey on the other part, London, May 17/30, 1913
		Treaty of Peace between Roumania, Greece, Montenegro, Serbia, and Bulgaria, Bucharest, July 28/August 10, 1913
	www.zum.de /psm/div/bulgarien/primaer.php3 (467 words)

	Art History Macedonia - History of Art Macedonia - Art History Macedonia in Ottoman Empire - Ottoman Art History
		In spite of their conflicting interests, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, and Bulgaria in 1912 concluded a series of secret bilateral treaties that had as their explicit intention the ejection of the Turks from Europe.
		The Treaty of London (May 1913), which concluded this First Balkan War, left Bulgaria dissatisfied; but, after this country's attempt to enforce a new partition in a Second Balkan War, the Treaty of Bucharest (August 1913) confirmed a pattern of boundaries that (with small variations) has remained in force ever since.
		Although the region was again engulfed in war in 1914 and Bulgaria occupied large parts of Macedonia, the end of World War I in 1918 saw the partition of 1913 reconfirmed.
	www.easterncorner.com /Macedonia.htm (946 words)

	HISTORY 593: STUDIES IN EUROPEAN DIPLOMATIC HISTORY---READINGS
		Treaty of Peace and Amity Between the United States and Algeria September 5, 1795
		Treaty of Peace and Amity Between the United States and Algeria December 22 and 23, 1816
		The Treaty of Berlin, 1878: Excerpts on the Balkans
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/593Read.html (1188 words)

	Timeline 1912-1913
		It was concluded by the delegates of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece.
		1913 Dec 18, Willy Brandt, Mayor of Berlin and Chancellor of West Germany, was born as Herbert Frahm.
		1913 Charles A. Beard authored “An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States.” His thesis was that the US was born of base economic interest and not idealism.
	www.timelines.ws /20thcent/1912_1913.HTML (11872 words)

	Treaty of Sevres, 1920
		The provisions of the separate Treaty referred to in Article 86 relating to the protection of racial, linguistic and religious minorities, and to freedom of commerce and transit, shall be applicable to the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66.
		Greece accepts and agrees to embody in a separate Treaty such provisions as may be deemed necessary, particularly as regards Adrianople, to protect the interests of inhabitants of that State who differ from the majority of the population in race, language or religion.
		Outside her frontiers as fixed by the present Treaty Turkey hereby renounces in favour of the Principal Allied Powers all rights and title which she could claim on any ground over or concerning any territories outside Europe which are not otherwise disposed of by the present Treaty.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/versa/sevres1.html (10518 words)

	The Treaty of London, 1913.
		Meanwhile Serbia had been approaching Greece suggesting conterminous bounds in Macedonia and alliance against Bulgaria, and a final agreement with her was reached on May 19 -- June 1.
		A second question was raised by Roumania, who hoped to gain Silistria and a more advantageous military frontier for her Dobrudja region.
		TERMS OF THE TREATY OF LONDON, MAY 30, 1913.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/boshtml/bos145.htm (955 words)

	The Treaty of Bucharest August 10, 1913
		The Treaty of Bucharest was concluded on August 10, 1913, by the delegates of Bulgaria, Roumania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece.
		All important arrangements and concessions involving the rectification of the controverted international boundary lines were perfected in a series of committee meetings, incorporated in separate protocols, and formally ratified by subsequent action of the general assembly of delegates.
		While Serbia, Greece, and Roumania can not escape a large share of the blame for the character of the treaty, it should not be forgotten that their action at Bucharest was in large measure due to the settlement forced upon the Balkan States by the great powers at the London conferences.
	www.historyofmacedonia.org /PartitionedMacedonia/Bucharest.html (666 words)

	About Bulgaria \| вЂ“ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In May 1913 the London Peace Treaty formalized the liberation of the lands westward of the line Midia-Enos from Ottoman domination.
		Under the Bucharest peace treaty provisions Serbia, Montenegro and Greece acquired large territories of the former Ottoman Empire, inhabited by ethnic Bulgarians.The three countries partitioned among themselves Macedonia, Southern Dobrudja was ceded to Roumania.
		The Neuilly Peace Treaty of 1919 imposed severe provisions on Bulgaria: it lost its outlet on the Aegean Sea, Western Thrace became a part of Greece, Southern Dobroudja was annexed to Romania, and the territories around Strumica, Bosilegrad, Zaribrod and villages around Kula were given to the Serbian-Croatian-Slovenian Kingdom.
	www.bulgaria.bg /EN/aboutbg/historyandculture/modern.htm (1454 words)

	wwI
		As the new century began, London became concerned that its policy of splendid isolation might need to be abandoned.
		By 1900, Berlin and London may have competed in economic and imperialistic terms, but they were far from any major strife in any either area.
		In 1904 officials from London and Paris began to settle their outstanding differences and proclaimed the Entente Cordiale ("friendly understanding") setting aside a tradition of hostility going back to the fourteenth century.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/wwI.htm (4763 words)

	History of Serbia and Montenegro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Treaty of London (1913) brought territorial gains on the Albanian border and in Kosovo, and it also resulted in a division of the old Turkish sanjak of Novi Pazar (Raska region) between Serbia and Montenegro.
		By the Treaty of Bucharest (August 1913), Montenegro expanded to a common frontier with Serbia, doubling its population.
		One of the committee's most important achievements was the discovery by Franjo Supilo of the Treaty of London, a secret document drawn up in April 1915 by which the Italians were promised Istria and large areas of Slovenia and Dalmatia in return for their participation on the Allied side.
	www.kosovo.com /serhist.html (10400 words)

	Institute for War and Peace Reporting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		No European frontier was changed until 1913, not a shot was fired until 1912, except in two trivial wars.
		It took the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913 to expose this, however.
		In effect, the last gift to the map of Europe from the Habsburgs, Serbia resented this development, but was unable to stop Austria from getting its way, though Vienna was not able to guarantee the new state a border that corresponded to the Albanians' ethnic frontier.
	www.iwpr.net /index.pl?archive/bcr3/bcr3_200410_518_6_eng.txt (2758 words)

	Kosovo.com: Kosovo Origins, by Hugo Roth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is interesting that the attention and significance accorded in major historical works to the process of uniting together in the Balkans, that "powder keg", and to the victory of the Balkan stateless was so slight and superficial that it passed from the merely symptomatic to being pure egoism.
		The defeated Turkey had to sign the Treaty of London on May 30th 1913 which virtually eliminated her from Europe.
		The Bulgarians initiated hostilities against the Greeks and the Serbs on June 29th 1913 but, attacked from the rear by the Turks and the Romanians, she was quickly defeated.
	www.kosovo.com /sk/history/kosovo_origins/ko_chapter10.html (3277 words)

	The Treaty of Constantinople, 1913. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The powers thereupon "most categorically" demanded the evacuation of Adrianople in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of London, but failed to enforce their demand.
		Bulgaria having made terms with her other enemies -- Greece, Serbia, and Roumania -- by means of the Treaty of Bucharest, decided to negotiate directly with the Porte.
		Negotiations began on September 3, 1913, and the treaty was signed on September 29.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/boshtml/bos151.htm (169 words)

	A tale of two islets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A difference between two States on the interpretation of treaties is by far one of the most common phenomenon in international relations.
		The Court was also asked to adjudge to which of the parties should, according to the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne, be assigned the island of Kara Ada, situated in the Bay of Bodrum.
		It should be noted that the regime of the Gavdos island has nothing to do with the Lausanne Treaty, since it is under Greek sovereignty in accordance with the arrangements of the Treaty of London of 1913.
	www.hri.org /MFA/thesis/spring97/two_islets.html (3931 words)

	[No title]
		The Treaty of Lausanne (1923) led to the expulsion of 3 75,000 Turks from\~ Aegean Macedonia.
		It was this conflict that led to the Turkish capitulation embedded in the San Stefano Treaty of 1878.
		By 1913, he was chief of intelligence, as we mentioned and by 1916 he was attained the rank of colonel at the age of 40.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/etext03/terff11r.rtf (12643 words)

	The period from 1908 to 1912
		By the spring of 1913, the Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbs and Montenegrins had effectively brought the Turkish occupation of European soil to and end.
		The changes were recognized in the Treaty of London (17 May 1913).
		The lion's share of historical Macedonia was now under Greek control, but the Bulgarian army occupied northern and eastern Macedonia and the Serbs the north-western section.
	www.macedonian-heritage.gr /HellenicMacedonia/en/A3.3.1.4.html (161 words)

	30 May History: This Date
		In Dunciad, Book IV, the Philistine culture of the city of London was seen to overtake the court and seat of government at Westminster, and the poem ends in a magnificent but baleful prophecy of anarchy.
		An arrest warrant was issued on 18 May, and Marlowe was arrested on 20 May. He bailed out but became involved in a fight over a tavern bill and is stabbed to death on 30 May 1593.
		He was educated at the Merchant Taylor's School in London and raised to be a scrivener, a professional trained to draw up contracts and other business documents.
	www.geocities.com /history4may/history/h4may/h4may30.html (10445 words)

	Sam Vaknin Ph.D \| Columns \| serbianna.com
		The brotherhood strained in the Treaty of London (May 1913) promptly deteriorated into internecine warfare over the spoils of a successful campaign - namely, over Macedonia.
		The Treaty of Lausanne (1923) led to the expulsion of 375,000 Turks from Aegean Macedonia.
		By signing the Treaty of Nis (allowing Serb forces the right of hot pursuit within Bulgarian territory), he in effect sealed his own death warrant.
	www.serbianna.com /columns/vaknin/094.html (4056 words)

	Pristina
		With the aid of forces from Bulgaria, Montenegro, and Serbia, the Ottoman armies were defeated and a peace treaty was signed, which gave parts of Kosovo to Serbia and Montenegro, while Bulgaria got Macedonia and independence.
		The Treaty of London of 1913 recognized an independent Albania, but the settlement of her final borders was postponed.
		The Italians occupied Albania --they had been promised half of Albania in the 1915 Treaty of London--and an Italian general proclaimed once again Albanian independence, "under the friendship and protection of Italy" in June 1917.
	www.kosovoforum.net /history.htm (6898 words)

	Macedonia FAQ: A Concise History of Macedonia
		The Treaty of London (May 1913), which concluded the First Balkan War, left Bulgaria dissatisfied with the partition of Macedonia.
		Bulgaria's attempt to enforce a new partition in a Second Balkan War failed, and the Treaty of Bucharest (August 1913) essentially confirmed the existing boundaries.
		The Macedonian language was forbidden, despite the fact under the supervision of the League of Nations Greece had recognized its existence as distinct language when it published the primer Abecedar for the needs of the Macedonian children in 1924.
	faq.macedonia.org /history/concise.history.html (4459 words)

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