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	List of treaties - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Treaty of alliance between King Edward III of England and King Ferdinand and Queen Eleanor of Portugal.
		Treaty of alliance between Henry VIII of England and Ferdinand II of Aragon against France.
		An accord that preceded the Treaty of Roskilde between Charles X Gustav of Sweden and King Frederick III of Denmark.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_treaties (3927 words)

	Treaty of Madrid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Treaty of Madrid (1526), in which France renounced claims in Italy, surrendered Burgundy to Spain, and abandoned sovereignty over Flanders and Artois
		Treaty of Madrid (1670), in which Spain recognized British possessions in the Caribbean Sea, such as Jamaica and the Cayman Islands
		Treaty of Madrid (1750), which settled boundaries between Spain and Portugal's colonies in South America.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid (170 words)

	Carribean, South and Central America
		The Colony was exempted from the Clayton-Bulwer treaty of 1850.
		British possession was recognised with the Treaty of Madrid in 1670.
		A treaty was signed in 1660 between the British, French and Caribs that assigned the islands of St. Vincent and Dominica to the Caribs.
	freespace.virgin.net /andrew.randall1/carib.htm (2661 words)

	Treaty of Madrid (1670) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of Madrid adopted in 1670 was a treaty between England and Spain.
		Under the terms of the treaty, Spain recognized British possessions in the Caribbean Sea: "all those lands, islands, colonies and places whatsoever situated in the West Indies." Britain took formal control of Jamaica and the Cayman Islands after the treaty was signed.
		Spain also agreed to permit English ships freedom of movement in the Caribbean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid_(1670) (137 words)

	British Empire - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		After further depredations in the Caribbean, in which semi-legitimate English privateers and buccaneers raided Spanish trade and settlements, the Treaty of Madrid (1670) finally accorded Spain’s acknowledgement of the English possessions.
		Ironically, one result was that the privateers relapsed into outright lawlessness, so that the next 50 years were the golden age for pirates in the English West Indies.
		At the Treaty of Paris in 1763 the British handed back to France the large sugar islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, but the retention of Canada was especially important in guaranteeing the security of the New England colonies.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761566125___4/British_Empire.html (1063 words)

	History of Cayman Islands :: Gowealthy.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Britain took formal control of the Caymans, along with Jamaica, under the Treaty of Madrid in 1670 after the first settlers came from Jamaica in 1661-71 to Little Cayman and Cayman Brac.
		Legend has it that there was a member of the Royal Family onboard and that in gratitude for their bravery, King George III decreed that Caymanians should never be conscripted for war service and Parliament legislated that they should never be taxed.
		From 1670, the Cayman Islands were effective dependencies of Jamaica, although there was considerable self-government.
	www.gowealthy.com /article/145/index.asp (511 words)

	ADMIRAL
		The Islands were ceded to the English Crown under the Treaty of Madrid in 1670, after the first settlers came from Jamaica in 1661-71 to Little Cayman and Cayman Brac.
		From 1670 the Cayman Islands were dependencies of Jamaica, although there was considerable autonomy.
		In 1832, a legislative assembly was established, consisting of eight magistrates appointed by the Governor of Jamaica and ten (later increased to 27) elected representatives.
	www.admiraladmin.com /history.html (352 words)

	Colonization of Florida \| Ocala.com \| Star-Banner \| Ocala, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Then, in 1670, the founding of Charleston by English settlers from Barbados forced the Spanish to increase their defenses of St. Augustine with the building of the Castillo de San Marcos between 1672 and 1695.
		The treaty ceding Florida to the United States was signed by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Spanish Minister to the U.S. Luis de Onis on Feb. 22, 1819.
		Spain vacillated on affirming the treaty, and the U.S. Senate was disturbed by the new, large land grants made to the Spanish nobles.
	www.ocala.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20030101/OCALACOMHISTORY/101010024/-1/community0101 (6247 words)

	Island Connoisseur - Cayman Islands - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Legend has it that there was a member of the Royal Family on board and that in gratitude for their bravery, King George III decreed that Caymanians should never be conscripted for war service and Parliament legislated that they should never be taxed.
		From 1670, the Cayman Islands were dependencies of Jamaica, although there was considerable self-government.
		In 1832, a legislative assembly was established, consisting of eight magistrates appointed by the Governor of Jamaica and 10 (later increased to 27) elected representatives.
	san.hufs.ac.kr /~ikpaik/lect/st991b/9635064/history.htm (594 words)

	History of Jamaica
		In 1657 and 1658 the Spanish, sailing from Cuba, failed at the battles of Ocho Rios[?] and Rio Nuevo[?] in their attempts to retake the island.
		The British began full colonisation in 1661 and gained formal possession through the Treaty of Madrid[?] in 1670.
		Sugar and slavery made Jamaica one of the most valuable possessions in the world for more than 150 years.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ja/Jamaica___History.html (554 words)

	The History Cooperative \| Conference Proceedings \| Seascapes, Littoral Cultures, and Trans-Oceanic Exchanges \| Lines of ...
		Yet even when European powers violated formal treaties and agreements, writers tended to assume at least a residual willingness to abide by the "humane customs of civilized nations," as Francis Hutcheson wrote in his system of moral philosophy, and many took such customs as a sign of broader historical trends.
		A vivid illustration of this dichotomy — even after Britain agreed to end the practice in the Treaty of Madrid (1670) — was the impunity with which English privateers preyed on Spanish shipping in the Caribbean, irrespective of whether a state of war existed between the two powers in Europe.
		The last explicit reference to the lines of amity in an international treaty was the Spanish-Portuguese Treaty of Madrid (1750), which pledged peace between the two powers in the Americas should they go to war in Europe: see Savelle, The Origins of American Diplomacy, 214-215.
	www.historycooperative.org /proceedings/seascapes/gould.html (6229 words)

	History of the Cayman Islands
		The majority of Caymanians are of African and British descent, with considerable interracial mixing.
		Great Britain took formal control of the Caymans, along with Jamaica, under the Treaty of Madrid[?] in 1670.
		Following several unsuccessful attempts, permanent settlement of the islands began in the 1730s.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/History_of_the_Cayman_Islands.html (189 words)

	History Of Jamaican Music 1 - In The Beginning There Were The Maroons
		The local inhabitants of Jamaica were the Arawaks Indians, most died due to diseases brought to the island by the Spaniards.
		But then Jamaica was colonised by the Spaniards first and then by the British after the Treaty of Madrid in 1670.
		Many of the slaves that had been brought to the island by the Spaniards were ordered to resist the conquering troops of Great Britain while their masters fled.
	www.vinylrecordscollector.co.uk /history-of-jamaican-music1.html (255 words)

	Henry Morgan's legacy - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		When the Treaty of Madrid in 1670 had as part of its agreement the abolition of pirates, the English authorities found that there was no easy solution to controlling Henry Morgan and his cohorts.
		That was the only way to ward off the Spanish invaders in their attempts to repossess Jamaica, which the British had forcibly taken from them.
		After the Treaty of Madrid, the British colonial authorities found it necessary to imprison Morgan in the Tower of London for an invasion of Porto Bello, Panama.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /columns/html/20040825T210000-0500_65175_OBS_HENRY_MORGAN_S_LEGACY.asp (849 words)

	Doing Business in the Cayman Islands
		They were formalized as British Colonies by the Treaty of Madrid in 1670.
		The latter exemption is subject to the proviso that the offence alleged to have been committed in the foreign jurisdiction would constitute an offence under the laws of the Cayman Islands if it were committed within the islands.
		Treaties with the United States specifically permit the denial of assistance in matters relating to the regulation of taxes unless the offences pertain to narcotics trafficking, fraudulent promotion of tax shelters or certain other offences concerning illegally obtained income.
	www.corpserve.ky /cibusiness.htm (4034 words)

	British Territorial Acquisitions 1600-1920 quiz
		According to the Peace Treaty of Sévres (1920) after WW1, this Middle East territory became a British mandate along with Palestine, Transjordan and Hejaz.
		Two Caribbean territories were formally ceded to Britain from Spain by the Treaty of Madrid (1670).
		This territory was ceded to the British by the Chinese according to the Treaty of Nanking (1842).
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz/quiz1757761421008.html (488 words)

	Cuba encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Cuba politics and officials, Cuban History. Travel to Cuba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The islands, along with nearby Jamaica, were ceded to England in 1670 under the Treaty of Madrid.
		Though the Cayman Islands are involved in no major international disputes, they have come under some criticism due to the use of their territory for narcotics trafficking and money laundering.
		In an attempt to address this, the Government entered into the Narcotics Agreement of 1984 and the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty of 1986 with the United States, in order to reduce the use of their facilities associated with these activities.
	www.cubaiworld.com /wiki-Cayman_Islands (2248 words)

	English capture: 350 years later - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Spaniards fled to Cuba and their hastily freed slaves refused to be re-enslaved by the British.
		Eventually, there was a treaty where the Maroons gained control over their own lands.
		Eventually, the Treaty of Madrid in 1670 prevented the recapture of territories and agreed to end piracy.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /columns/html/20050511T210000-0500_80287_OBS_ENGLISH_CAPTURE_______YEARS_LATER.asp (844 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Panama, 1550-1821
		In 1666 buccaneer HENRY MORGAN took Portobelo; in 1671, Morgan, believing England to be still at war with Spain, crossed the isthm and took the city of Panama.
		As (without his knowledge) peace had been previously concluded (the TREATY OF MADRID, 1670), Morgan was arrested and sent to London, while Panama was returned to Spain.
		Panama continued to be exposed to naval attacks, Portobelo being seized by the English in 1739, CHAGRES in 1740, to be restored to Spain in the TREATY OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE (= Aachen) in 1748.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/centramerica/panama15501821.html (540 words)

	British Empire: The Map Room: Caribbean: Jamaica
		Jamaica soon became the chief resort of the buccaneers, who not infrequently united the characters of merchant or planter with that of pirate or privateer.
		By the Treaty of Madrid, 1670, the British title to the island was recognized, and the buccaneers were suppressed.
		The Royal African Company was formed in 1672 with a monopoly of the slave trade, and from this time Jamaica was one of the greatest slave marts in the world.
	www.britishempire.co.uk /maproom/jamaica.htm (1320 words)

	AMERICAS SOCIETY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Their activities were condoned and even abetted by local government authorities as well as Spain's rivals who, depending on the state of relations with Spain, would both allow the buccaneers to use their ports and occasionally hire them to raid Spanish settlements.
		After Spain and England settled their differences with the Treaty of Madrid in 1670, England sent Henry Morgan himself formerly the most renowned and feared of the buccaneers to Jamaica as lieutenant governor, charged with the task of disbanding the pirates' activities.
		France, however, was under no such obligation to Spain, and buccaneering flourished throughout the rest of the Caribbean for the remainder of the century.
	www.americas-society.org /as/literature/br58boullosa.html (1047 words)

	Jamaica HISTORY
		In 1655, the island was taken over by the English, and the Spanish were expelled five years later.
		Spain formally ceded Jamaica to England in 1670 by the Treaty of Madrid.
		The island became a base for English privateers raiding the Spanish Main.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Americas/Jamaica-HISTORY.html (1313 words)

	Sharpe
		The looting of the Rosario had been in flagrant defiance of the Treaty of Madrid (July 1670) by which England was permitted to retain possession of Jamaica, in exchange for guarantees safeguarding Spain's trading monopoly in America.
		Sharpe's actions had taken place at a time when privateering was outlawed and all outstanding letters of marque, by which governments licensed such activities, were revoked.
		By the time Sharpe returned to London, jurymen were under some pressure to convict buccaneers and England's commitment to the treaty was plainly manifest on Thames-side gibbets.
	www.rsoperations.com /History/Pirates/Sharpe/Bartholomew_Sharpe_1.htm (1024 words)

	The Cayman Islands Memory Bank: collecting and preserving oral history in small island societies - 65th IFLA Council ...
		Over the next 150 years settlement continued slowly, and by 1802, when the first census was taken, there were 933 residents.
		Claimed by Britain under the Treaty of Madrid in 1670, the Cayman Islands have remained British; we are a British Overseas Territory.
		For the next 250 years or so, life was difficult in Cayman - the rocky soil, lack of natural resources and isolation were factors - and development prior to the 1950s was so slow as to be almost non-existent.
	www.ifla.org /IV/ifla65/65hm-e.htm (3041 words)

	Caribbean Treasure - Cayman Islands' Great House
		Despite a rowdy history of smugglers, sunken treasures and pirates, the islands are quite peaceful and civilized today.
		The Treaty of Madrid in 1670 made The Cayman Islands a British possession and an unusual agreement with England’s King George III granted islanders exemption from taxation and wartime conscription.
		Local law prohibits construction of any buildings "higher than a coconut tree." With twenty-six exclusive residences facing the pristine sugar-sand beach, the Great House offers owners cool sea breezes and expansive views of beautiful West Bay and the sparkling Caribbean beyond.
	www.islandconnections.com /edit/cayman.htm (1156 words)

	Independence Day - Encyclopedia FunTrivia
		Originally occupied by the Spanish, the British under Sir William Penn, father of the founder of Pennsylvania, seized the island in 1655.
		Britain formally gained possession by the Treaty of Madrid in 1670.
		The British settlement of these Caribbean islands began in 1647 and were colonised in 1783.
	www.funtrivia.com /en/subtopics/Independence-Day-203711.html (755 words)

	Reefs, Wrecks and Rascals The Pirate Legacy of the Spanish Main (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Finally in August 1670, Morgan, with 36 ships and nearly 2,000 British and French buccaneers, set out to capture Panama, one of the chief cities of Spain’s American empire.
		As the Treaty of Madrid (1670) had only recently been signed to compose Anglo-Spanish differences in those parts, the news of his success at Panama was not officially welcome.
		Morgan was brought back to England under arrest but on the renewal of trouble with Spain, he was knighted and sent out as deputy governor of Jamaica.
	www.mdpls.org /virtual/greed/greed_glory.htm (1545 words)

	British Empire - MSN Encarta
		The nationalist leader Mohandas Gandhi made a significant impact on Indian opinion after his return from South Africa in 1915, and for a while even united Hindus and Muslims within Congress.
		The war brought the British Empire to its territorial peak—the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 gave Britain most of the German empire in Africa, while a new imperium opened up in the Arab world with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
		Yet it also accelerated widespread feelings of alienation and nationalism.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566125/British_Empire.html (3137 words)

	Robert Newton: "Blackbeard the Pirate" vs. History
		The real Morgan began his career as a privateer, commissioned by the king to fight the Spanish, primarily in the Caribbean, and his brutality was legendary.
		Following the 1670 Treaty of Madrid, he continued his plundering, apparently not having received word that England was now at peace with Spain, and proceeded to commit his most infamous deed, the sacking of Panama.
		As a result, both he and his sponsor, Governor Modyford of Jamaica, were sent to England in chains by order of Charles II.
	www.mooncove.com /newton/BB-history.htm (2752 words)

	Pirate Soul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Upon his return to his homeland, Sharpe and two of his crew, John Cox and William Williams, were indicted on charges of piracy and murder in the High Court of the Admiralty on June 10, 1681.
		The looting of the Rosario had been in flagrant defiance of the Treaty of Madrid (July 1670) by which England was permitted to retain possession of Jamaica, in exchange for guaranteeing Spains trading monopoly in America.
		But in spite of the charges - including Sharpe murdering Captain John Lopez of the Rosario the jury declined to hear the testimonies of several West Indian boys and consequently the defendants were acquitted.
	www.piratesoul.com /notable_detail.aspx?id=17 (842 words)

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