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| | Louis I of Bavaria |
 | | By the Treaty of Verdun (August 843), Charles, Lothair I, and Louis divided the western, middle, and eastern parts of the empire, respectively, between them. |
 | | Louis received the territory of the Franconians, the Swabians, the Bavarians, and the Saxons, together with the Carolingian provinces to the east. |
 | | Louis invaded Lotharingia (870), and the country was divided between Louis and Charles by the Treaty of Mersen (Meerssen), under which Louis received Friesland and an extremely large expansion of this territory west of the Rhine. |
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