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Topic: Treaty of Montevideo

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University of Texas at El Paso

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Uruguay
		The northern boundary, 450 miles in extent, was definitively settled by treaty with Brazil on 15 May, 1852, as the Río Quarim, the Cuchilla de Santa Ana to the Río San Luis, thence to the Río Jaguarão, and the western shore of Lago Mirim.
		Montevideo was established in 1726 by Mauricio Zabala, Governor of Buenos Aires, to thwart the efforts of the Brazilian traders.
		The chief ports are La Paloma and Maldonado on the Atlantic; Montevideo and Colonia on the Plata; Mercedes on the Río Negro; and Paysandú, Fray Bentos and Salto on the Uruguay.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15230c.htm (2941 words)

	International Migration and Multiculturalism
		In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments, while in the case of multilateral treaties the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states, keeping all parties informed of the situation.
		Treaties that are negotiated within an international organization will usually be adopted by a resolution of a representative organ of the organization whose membership more or less corresponds to the potential participation in the treaty in question.
		The instruments of "acceptance" or "approval" of a treaty have the same legal effect as ratification and consequently express the consent of a state to be bound by a treaty.
	www.unesco.org /most/migration/glossary_legal_terms.htm (3830 words)

	United Nations Treaty Collection - Treaty Reference Guide
		A particular treaty term might indicate that the desired objective of the treaty is a higher degree of cooperation than ordinarily aimed for in such instruments.
		Unless the treaty provides otherwise, the deposit of the instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession establishes the consent of a state to be bound by the treaty.
		If the treaty is silent on modifications, they are allowed only if the modifications do not affect the rights or obligations of the other parties to the treaty and do not contravene the object and the purpose of the treaty.
	untreaty.un.org /English/guide.asp#glossary (5386 words)

	Embassy of Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Montevideo Treaty of 1960 (TM-60), which created the Latin American Association of Free Trade (ALALC), engaged the member countries in the setting up of a Free Trade Zone to be implemented in 12 years, and had as its final objective the creation of a common regional market.
		The member countries of the Montevideo Treaty ensured that its clauses were compatible with the rules of GATT, Article XXIV in particular, which allowed exceptions to the cornerstone clause of the most favored nation.
		Additional difficulties were also due to the lack of flexibility in the main clauses of the Treaty, the overly-ambitious objectives it established, the opposition of the private sector, and last but not least, political problems, as a consequence of the gradual dominance of authoritarian regimes in nearly all the countries of the region.
	www.brasilemb.org /embassy/embaixador_evolution_sa.shtml (6141 words)

	Uruguay: History - K12 Academics
		The future capital, Montevideo, was founded in the early 18th century and became a rival to Buenos Aires across the Río de la Plata.
		Montevideo, however, was thought of as a military center for the Spanish empire, while Buenos Aires was a commercial center.
		The administration of the Banda Oriental was divided in two: Montevideo controlled the areas near the city and Buenos Aires had control over the rest of the territory.
	www.k12academics.com /uruguay_history.htm (1134 words)

	The alternative forest treaty: NGOs complied with their commitments
		On their part, civil society organisations and social movements agreed on a number of commitments in Rio, enshrined in the so called alternative treaties, one of which was the "forest treaty".
		It is very enlightening to re-read it now, because it is possible to verify that NGOs have basically fulfilled their commitments, in contrast with the almost complete failure from governments to comply with theirs.
		The above is just a very brief synthesis of the thousands of examples regarding the actions that social movements have been carrying out in their defence of forests, in line with what they had committed to in Rio.
	www.wrm.org.uy /bulletin/61/treaty.html (770 words)

	[No title]
		By the present Treaty the Contracting Parties pursue the integration process leading to promote the harmonious and balanced socio-economic development of the region, and to that effect they hereby institute the Latin American Integration Association (hereafter referred to as the "Association"), with headquarters in the city of Montevideo, Eastern Republic of Uruguay.
		The rules and mechanisms of the present Treaty, as well as those which may be established within its framework by member countries, shall have as their purpose the performance of the following basic duties of the Association: promotion and regulation of reciprocal trade, economic complementation, and development of economic cooperation actions encouraging market expansion.
		As form the moment the 1980 Montevideo Treaty enters into force and during the term established in the second paragraph of its article 65, non-ratifying signatory countries pledge themselves to pay their contributions to the Latin American Integration Association in order to ensure the pace of its activities.
	www.aladi.org /nsfaladi/PERFIL.nsf/vsitioweb/tratado_ing (10694 words)

	Definition of Key Terms Used in UN Treaty Collection
		Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations provides that "every treaty and every international agreement entered into by any Member State of the United Nations after the present Charter comes into force shall as soon as possible be registered with the Secretariat and published by it".
		By the terms "treaty" and "international agreement", referred to in Article 102 of the Charter, the broadest range of instruments is covered.
		Also, the Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) was established by the Treaty of Montevideo of 1980, but the subregional instruments entered into under its framework are called agreements.
	www.itcilo.it /english/actrav/telearn/global/ilo/law/keyterm.htm (2623 words)

	SICE - Montevideo Treaty - ALADI
		The present Resolution shall be applicable as from the enforcement of the 1980 Montevideo Treaty signed on 12 August 1980, and shall be likewise incorporated to its legal framework.
		The present Resolution shall be applicable as from the moment the 1980 Montevideo Treaty signed on 12 August 1980 enter into force, and shall be likewise incorporated to its legal framework.
		Signatory countries ratifying the 1980 Montevideo treaty after its enforcement shall be subject to all provisions adopted prior to that moment by the bodies of the Latin American Integration Association.
	www.sice.oas.org /trade/Montev_tr/resolute.asp (3762 words)

	Montevideo Convention - Wikisource
		The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States was a treaty signed at Montevideo, Uruguay on December 26, 1933, at the Seventh International Conference of American States.
		Every observing person must by this time thoroughly understand that under the Roosevelt Administration the United States Government is as much opposed as any other government to interference with the freedom, the sovereignty, or other internal affairs or processes of the governments of other nations.
		I feel safe in undertaking to say that under our support of the general principle of non-intervention as has been suggested, no government need fear any intervention on the part of the United States under the Roosevelt Administration.
	en.wikisource.org /wiki/Montevideo_Convention (1251 words)

	Treaty of Montevideo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a treaty signed on August 27, 1828, after British mediation, Brazil and Argentina recognized the independence of Uruguay.
		The 1960 Treaty of Montevideo established the ALA-LC organization, the Latin American Free Trade Association.
		It was followed in 1980 by a treaty transforming ALALC into ALADI (Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Montevideo (150 words)

	Overview of the ASEAN Agreements
		If states which negotiated a given treaty do not agree on specific procedures for authentication, a treaty will usually be authenticated by signature, signature ad referendum or the initialing by the representatives of those states.
		multilateral treaties are involved, it is common to provide for a fixed number of states to express their consent for entry into force.
		variation of certain treaty provisions only as between particular parties of a treaty, while in their relation to the other parties the original treaty provisions remain applicable.
	www.moc.gov.kh /econo_intergration/asean/overview-asean_agre01.htm (8262 words)

	History of Uruguay
		Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold; its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial center competing with Argentina's capital, Buenos Aires.
		Uruguay's early 19th century history was shaped by ongoing conflicts between the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and colonial forces for dominance in the Argentina-Brazil-Uruguay region.
		The 1828 Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state.
	www.historyofnations.net /southamerica/uruguay.html (928 words)

	Brazil - Trade Patterns and Regional Economic Integration
		Under the treaty, which was expanded subsequently to most of the economies of South America and to Mexico, the members agreed to negotiate mutual tariff reductions on a permanent basis.
		Article 1 of the treaty provides for free circulation of goods, services, and factors of production (see Glossary) among the member countries; elimination of tariff and nontariff barriers; establishment of a common external tariff; coordination of policies in regional and international forums; and coordination of macroeconomic and sectoral policies.
		During the transition period from 1991 through 1994, the accord called for a progressive "linear and automatic" reduction in tariffs, which was to be accompanied by the elimination of nontariff barriers to trade among the contracting parties.
	countrystudies.us /brazil/81.htm (2842 words)

	ATH 175 Peoples of the World
		The streets of Montevideo are very crowded and in the smaller towns, the celebrations are more subdued (Montero 1).
		Montevideo, the present day capital of Uruguay was founded because of its natural harbor (History of Uruguay 1).
		Montevideo has almost 2 million people in the city at the peak of Carnaval coming from within the country (Montero 2).
	www.units.muohio.edu /ath175/student/SHELTOMM (1311 words)

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1999 - Uruguay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Also in March, a group of Argentine and Uruguayan journalists filming a documentary about persons who disappeared during the military dictatorship were threatened and beaten while filming outside the house in which Eugenio Berrios had been detained by members of the military.
		Montevideo alone has 8 daily newspapers and 6 important weeklies; there are also approximately 100 other weekly and a few daily newspapers throughout the country.
		The Montevideo city hall's hot line for victims of domestic violence received 4,785 complaints in 1998 and 4,927 in the first 10 months of 1999, reflecting both an increased public awareness of the problem as well as a changing attitude among women.
	www.usemb.se /human/human1999/uruguay.html (4540 words)

	Buying Ranch Land In Uruguay - Snapshots Of A Small and Friendly Prairie Country
		It was most striking for visitors to see the 20 kilometers of Montevideo’s seashore full of people all ages walking, jogging, biking or just sitting in groups among friends, chatting, sharing mate (a national herb infusion) and spending time together.
		Montevideo, the capital city, was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold; its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial center competing with Argentina's capital, Buenos Aires.
		The vision of Montevideo habitants strolling along the seashore should not give the idea that Uruguayans are not hard working people..
	www.escapeartist.com /OREQ8/Uruguay_Snapshots.html (1651 words)

	New World Celts
		He re-entered the ocean trade with a ship of his own, which was wrecked on the coast of South America.
		Later, at Montevideo, which capitulated 20 June, he captured several Spanish men-of-war.
		He acted as Argentine Commissioner when, at the close of the war, the liberty of Buenos Aires was guaranteed by the treaty of Montevideo 4 October 1827.
	www.newworldcelts.org /william_brown.htm (347 words)

	Chapter 25
		The definition of domicile is governed by Argentine law, except for cases of application of Montevideo Treaties that provide for specific qualifications.
		There is some juridical controversy in relation to the existence and capacity of this type of persons since some authors consider that they are governed by the law of their domicile, whereas others believe that the law of the place of constitution should be applied, according to the companies law criteria (article 118, Law 19,550).
		Article 34 of the Civil Code adopts the ample extraterritoriality rule in relation to associations and foundations as long as their purpose is common welfare and are authorized to operate under the law of the place of constitution (Civil Code, article 33).
	www.tomascalle.com.ar /english/chapter25.htm (3118 words)

	University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
		The Constitution, the international treaties, conventions and agreements approved and ratified, the laws enacted by Congress and other legal provisions of lower rank, sanctioned in consequence, constitute national positive law in the order of priority enunciated.
		In accordance with the above-mentioned provision, there can be no derogation from these treaties until three years have elapsed and on the initiative of a quarter of the members of one of the Chambers of Congress or 30,000 electors or the President of the Republic.
		Extradition is also governed by the Treaty of Montevideo, according to which it is subject to specific provisions; it is obviously inappropriate when the person whose extradition is requested would have to appear before an emergency court or tribunal.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/cat/paraguay1993.html (8329 words)

	The treatment of asymmetries in regional and subregional integration process 3
		This distinction is made because one of the specific objectives of the community is to fairly share the benefits of the integration process by bearing in mind the special needs of the less developed countries.
		The Montevideo Treaty of 1980, through which the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) is constituted, reaffirms the same principle and ratifies the grouping of countries into three categories.
		Article 3 (d) of this treaty lists one of its principles as: "Differential treatment established as determined in each case, both in regionwide mechanisms and those with partial scope, on the basis of three categories of countries that are set up according to their economic-structural characteristics.
	www.sela.org /public_html/AA2K/EN/docs/spdddi6-973.htm (2022 words)

	Andean Community / Decision 613: Association of the Republic of Argentina, the Federative Republic of Brazil, the ...
		The Republic of Bolivia, in reliance on the 1980 Treaty of Montevideo and Resolution 2 of the ALADI Council of Ministers, signed Economic Complementarity Agreement AAP.
		The Republic of Peru, in reliance on the 1980 Treaty of Montevideo and Resolution 2 of the ALADI Council of Ministers, signed Economic Complementarity Agreement AAP.
		The Republic of Colombia, the Republic of Ecuador and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in reliance on the 1980 Treaty of Montevideo and Resolution 2 of the ALADI Council of Ministers, signed Economic Complementarity Agreement AAP.
	www.comunidadandina.org /INGLES/normativa/D613e.htm (707 words)

	Acronyms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Such protocols enable certain parties of the treaty to establish among themselves a framework of obligations that reach further than the general treaty and to which not all parties of the general treaty consent, creating a "two-tier system".
		The term "treaty" can be used as a common generic term or as a particular term that indicates an instrument with certain characteristics.
		The use of the term "treaty" for international instruments has considerably declined in recent decades in favour of other terms.
	www.earthsummit2002.org /toolkits/women/intro/acronyms.htm (2611 words)

	WTO \| Trade policy review - Bolivia 1999
		At the regional level, Bolivia is a founder member of the Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) established by the Treaty of Montevideo in 1980, within the framework of which it has signed a series of regional- and partial-scope agreements.
		The physical integration process introduced by the countries of the River Plate Basin Group with the signing of the Treaty of Brasilia in 1969 is a highly important project for Bolivia owing to the prospects it offers for the development of its physical infrastructure, essentially in connection with foreign trade.
		This treaty is designed to promote physical integration, preservation of the environment and sustainable development.
	www.wto.org /english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp109_e.htm (7046 words)

	Guide to Investment in Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is a signatory of the Convention of the Paris Union for the Protection of Industrial Property and also signatory of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) signed in Washington in 1970, which was ratified and enacted as an internal Brazilian law.
		It was one of the founders of the Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA, established under the Treaty of Montevideo on February 16, 1960.
		Brazil and Argentina signed important bilateral treaties, as the Integration, Development Cooperation Treaty, signed in Buenos Aires on November 29, 1988, for the swift creation of a bilateral common market area.
	rrf-marketing.com /guide_to_investment_in_brazil.htm (767 words)

	Uruguay - Gurupedia
		Portugal pursued the colonisation of the future Uruguay, with the Spanish eventually gaining the upper hand.
		The future capital Montevideo was founded in the early
		Montevideo however, was thought of as a military center for the Spanish empire whereas Buenos Aires was a commercial center.
	www.gurupedia.com /u/ur/uruguay.htm (989 words)

	Embassy of Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Taking a seven-year overview, since the signing of the Treaty of Asunción, it can be seen that this exercise in regional integration has been a successful operation in terms of responding to trends towards the globalization of the world economy.
		Since the setting up of Mercosul and its satisfactory progress, the process of economic integration and the political coming together of the countries of the South American subcontinent have acquired their own impetus, which to a certain extent had not been expected.
		In this respect, taking a historical panorama of the last forty years since the Treaty of Montevideo and the emergence of the ALALC, it would be no exaggeration to consider Mercosul as a landmark: the regional integration process can be classified as being before or after the Treaty of Assunción.
	www.brasilemb.org /embassy/embaixador_regional.shtml (2545 words)

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