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Topic: Treaty of Nagyvarad

	Age Of Turkish Rule
		In 1538 Ferdinand and king John signed the Várad peace treaty according to which in case János dies Ferdinand and his children inherit the country but should János have an heir he would not inherit the royal title but will be satisfied with the title of imperial prince.
		They did not have to wait long for retaliation by the Turks: they seized Buda in 1541 by stealth, which was the start of the 146 years of Turkish rule when the country was torn into three parts, that of royal Hungary, the one occupied by the Turks and that of the Principality of Transylvania.
		According to the 1664 peace treaty signed at Vasvár the Turks, in spite of their defeat could keep their territories as well as all the towns newly captured.
	www3.europole.u-nancy.fr /anglais/HO/hungary/1_3_1_06.htm (1274 words)

	Treaty of Nagyvarad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Nagyvarad (121 words)

	Northern Transylvania - Introduction
		The territory of Transylvania, in the northwestern part of present-day Romania, was incorporated into Hungary until the Treaty of Trianon (June 4, 1920), at which time it was awarded to Romania.
		On September 12, 1944, an armistice was concluded in which the USSR promised to return Northern Transylvania to Romania, and Romania agreed to commit its military forces to the allied cause.
		The 1920 frontier was formally re-established by the peace treaty of February 10, 1947.
	www.jaypex.com /NT/intro.htm (475 words)

	Henry Bogdan - From Warsaw To Sofia
		This treaty apparently bore little resemblance to the "theory of nationalities" that was constantly invoked by French and English politicians to justify their traditional support for the "oppressed" nationalities of Austria-Hungary.
		In this way, the Treaty of Versailles was signed with the Germans on June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye with Austria on September 10, 1919, the Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria on November 27 of the same year, and the Treaty of Trianon with Hungary on June 4, 1920.
		While the treaties of Versailles and Saint-Germain quickly established the southern and western borders of Poland, it was not until March, 1921, that the Polish-Soviet border was settled.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/bogdan/bogdan16.htm (3425 words)

	l. Hungary. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		By the Peace of Nagyvarad the two kings recognized each other, each ruling part of the territory.
		Zápolya became a vassal of the Ottomans but Ferdinand continued the war against them, which was interrupted only by occasional truces (See 1526).
		STEPHEN BOCSKAY became prince of Transylvania and, after defeating the Habsburgs, secured the Treaty of Vienna, by which Protestantism was given equal status with Catholicism.
	www.bartleby.com /67/635.html (725 words)

	Oradea (Bihor) - Romania Mare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Oradea (in Hungarian Nagyvarad, in German Grosswardein) is a city in Bihor (in Hungarian Bihar) County of Romania close to the Hungarian border.
		From 1919/1920 (Romanian unification / Treaty of Trianon) to 1940 (Second Decision in Vienna) part of the Kingdom of Romania.
		The Treaty of Paris reallocated it to Romania.
	moldova.go.ro /fd/minoritati/orase/oradeafd.htm (386 words)

	Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1529, his forces successfully repelled Suleiman's assault on his capital at Vienna (First Battle of Vienna), although Ferdinand had notably already fled for Bohemia.
		Starting with Ferdinand in 1527, Habsburgs would eventually convert the elected crowns of both Bohemia and Hungary into their hereditary possession.
		In 1538, by the Treaty of Nagyvárad/Grosswardein, Ferdinand became Zápolya's successor, but was unable to enforce this agreement during his lifetime.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /emperor_ferdinand_i.htm (399 words)

	From the First Congress of Vienna
		But no treaty which would guarantee that succession to the Habsburgs after the extinction of the elder branch of the Jagellonians was signed in Vienna.
		They negotiated the treaty of Nagyvárad (Grosswardein) which temporarily sanctioned the division of Hungary between the two rival kings but envisaged the unification of the country under the Habsburg after his opponent’s childless death.
		Though this treaty marked the end of Ottoman advance and supremacy, it did not change the frontier but left most of the country in Turkish hands.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/10.htm (8896 words)

	The Fall of The Medieval Kingdom of Hungary: Mohacs 1526 - Buda 1541
		The treaty was based on the rather risky illusion that the militarypower of the Habsburgs was sufficient to withstand the onslaught ofthe Ottomans and to preserve the territorial and administrativeintegrity of the country.
		The treaty of Nagyvarad was the first serious, specific warningSuleyman received that his "proposal", which had been accepted byJohn and his supporters only with all kinds of reservations, and theresulting alliance could only offer a temporary solution, ready to bedenounced at the first opportunity.
		He decided that thetreaty of Nagyvarad itself had become moot on account of Ferdinand's betrayal of it; using the betrayal as an excuse, he wanted tomake sure that the child soon to be born would received the crown.Thus, he needed Suleyman's continued protection.
	www.hungarianhistory.com /lib/warso/warso17.htm (4052 words)

	Henry Bogdan - From Warsaw To Sofia
		The new borders were set on September 28 by a treaty of "delineation and friendship,' in which each party pledged to "tolerate no Polish agitation on their part of the territory liable to upset order in the other part." This condemned any Polish resistance in advance.
		Governments of those countries were forced to sign treaties of mutual assistance which included the surrender of naval bases and air fields to Soviet-manned garrisons.
		These actions marked the end of the "great,, Rumania granted by the treaties of 1919-1920, but it was also the birth of a new Rumania, smaller of course, but with a more homogeneous population and closer to the principles of nationalism.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/bogdan/bogdan22.htm (6337 words)

	HUNGARY - LoveToKnow Article on HUNGARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Between 3,000,000 and 3,200,000 tons of wheat-flour are produced annually.
		Fifty-four vessels with 84,844 tons and crews numbering 1168 persons were sea-going; 134 with 6587 tons were coasting-vessels, and 246 with 353 tons were fishing vessels.
		The passengers carried in 1907 numbered 107,171,000, the goods traffic was 61,483,000 tons; the traffic receipts for the year were 16,420,000.
	3.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HU/HUNGARY.htm (19543 words)

	LINHARDT BREUER SIMON FISCHMANN MAHLER SALZBERGER Genealogy Page
		Somehow, the SIMON family began to migrate to Nagyvarad in Transylvania, Bihar County, Hungary (this area is now known as Oradea, Romania).
		Abraham must have moved his father Pal to Nagyvarad after her death, because his father died in his home in Nagyvarad in 1884.
		By the time Abraham was in Nagyvarad, he was a teacher for both the Orthodox and Neolog communities.
	hometown.aol.com /plinhardt/SIMON.htm (1848 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hungary has often suffered at the hands of foreign invaders, but by a strange paradox her worst suffering was at the hands of a countryman.
		Aaron Cohen, alias Bela Kun, was the son of the notary of a village near the town of Nagyvarad.
		Notes [1] By the Treaty of Trianon, Hungary was deprived of two-thirds of her land.
	www.jrbooksonline.com /DOCs/BELAKU~1.DOC (1814 words)

	Historical Text Archive: Articles: Images of Transylvania, Part I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Transylvania had been an integral part of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 until 1921, and is the citadel of the Hungarian culture in the Carpathian Basin.
		At the end of World War I, as part of the Treaty of Trianon, 1920, the Allies transferred Transylvania from Hungary to Rumania (to whom Transylvania had never belonged before).
		The reason why we mention Nagyvárad under the Transylvania section, though, is that the city, with its population of entirely Hungarian, was annexed from Hungary to Rumania at the same time, with the same act, the infamous Treaty of Trianon, 1920, when Transylvania was.
	www.historicaltextarchive.com /sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=521/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=521#index (3817 words)

	PPCU - Peter Pazmany
		Peter Pazmany, cardinal and archbishop of Esztergom, was born on 4th October, 1570, in Nagyvarad (Oradea), to an ancient Hungarian family, and died on 19th March, 1637, in Pozsony (Bratislava).
		As for Pazmany's role in politics, it was mainly due to him that Ferdinand got elected successor of the childless King Matthias II in the national assembly in 1618.
		He exerted influence on treaties concluding strives with Gabor Bethlen.
	www.ppke.hu /en/en_pazmany.htm (881 words)

	Treaty Of Trianon
		Hungary before and after the treaty of Trianon.
		s a result of the Treaty of Trianon the population of Hungary shrank from 18,300,000 to around 8,000,000, although it became more ethnically homogeneous, bringing to an end one of the central social conflicts of the age of dualism.
		The increase in the larger towns on the Great Hungarian Plain, such as Hódmezövásárhely, Kecskemét and Debrecen, was largely due to the influx of peasants from the villages and was not accompanied by the emergence of a modern urban society.
	www3.europole.u-nancy.fr /anglais/HO/hungary/1_2_2_01.htm (376 words)

	math lessons - Imre Thököly
		In 1681, reinforced by 10,000 Transylvanians and a Turkish army under the pasha of Oradea (in Hungarian: Nagyvarad, now in Romania), he compelled the emperor to grant an armistice.
		He led the Turkish cavalry at the Battle of Slankamen, and in fact served valiantly but vainly against Austria during the remainder of the war, especially distinguishing himself at Zenta (1697).
		He was excluded by name from the amnesty promised to the Hungarian rebels by the Treaty of Karlowitz (Jan. 26, 1699).
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Imre_Th%F6k%F6ly (755 words)

	A THOUSAND YEARS OF THE HUNGARIAN ART OF WAR
		The Treaty of Vasvar (1664) allowed the Turks to keep possession of their new conquests, Nagyvarad (Grosswardein) and Ersekujvar (Neuhausel), and to retain suzerainty over Transylvania.
		Emperor Leopold (1657-1705) found justification for accepting the unfavorable terms of the treaty in the "unpredictable situation in the west, the unrest in Hungary and Transylvania, and the economic crisis in the empire."/1/
		Leopold signed a military alliance treaty with enemies of France: the United Netherlands, the kingdom of Spain, the duchy of Lorraine./8/ This alliance and Leopold's participation in their 1673-74 campaigns against Louis XIV prevented Leopold from dispatching large forces against the Hungarian rebels.
	www.hungarianhistory.com /lib/thou/thou07.htm (4027 words)

	Transylvania - The Roots of Ethnic Conflict
		The Hungarian kingdom is divided into three parts, with the Habsburgs controlling the west, the Turks controlling the central plain, and Transylvania becoming semiautonomous under Hungarian princes beginning with János Zsigmond (1541--51, 1556--71) son of János Zápolya.
		The Treaty of Linz terminates Transylvania's involvement in the conflict on favorable terms, ceding to it seven counties of the Partium.
		The treaty also confirms the terms of the Treaty of Nikolsburg with the further stipulation that religious toleration should also apply to the serfs.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/transy/transy02.htm (1839 words)

	First Unitarian Society of Minneapolis
		In 1538 the two contending kings signed a treaty, although its provisions were not made public, because neither of them wanted to risk insulting Suleiman, and it must have referred to the possibility of his intervention.
		Peter Petrovics, his cousin, was a good and faithful friend to us; a thoroughly decent man, plain spoken, bright enough in a straight forward way, but not given to deviousness himself, and not easily able to perceive it or counter it in others.
		And there was the reality than most of the powerful nobles of the land we would be seeking to rule were either Lutherans, or else the new form of Protestant, followers of John Calvin.
	firstunitariansociety.org /sermons0001/123120.html (3510 words)

	Nyirbator to New York
		His Uncle Sandor in Nagyvarad was buying potatoes from peasants and shipping them deeper into Romania.
		Sandor was managing the business from Nagyvarad and Zoli and family were helping in Sanislau.
		During the war, Sandor was in a labor battalion and was sent to Russia to dig foxholes under the Hungarian command.
	www.thekesslers.com /family/tibor/tibor.html (3853 words)

	Informations about Erdély
		Under the Turkish-Austrian Treaty of Karlowitz of 1699 Transylvania is brought under Austrian rule, but it maintains its autonomous status as a Hungarian principality.
		Under the census made by the Austrians in the years 1712-1713, the national structure of Transylvania was 47% Hungarians, 34% Romanians and 19% Saxons (Germans).
		Also we have to note that after 1918 (or more precisely after 1920, when the Treaty of Trianon was signed), as part of a Romanian state-controlled process, a great number of Romanians settled in Transylvania, coming from South and East, from across the Carpathians.
	www.geocities.com /erdelyilobby/foreign/info_e.htm (1142 words)

	Oradea - An Introduction to its Jewish History
		To stay with modern history, following the defeat and disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Transylvania was awarded to Romania by the Peace Treaty of Trianon.
		Following World War I, according to the terms of the Peace Treaty of Trianon signed on June 20, 1920, Transylvania became part of Romania.
		I have omitted the use of diacritical marks over or under letters in the text, as these fonts were not available in my word processor.
	www.jewishgen.org /databases/Holocaust/0109_Oradea.html (5813 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of October 12, 1551
		In 1534, King János named him bishop of Nagyvárad and since he was not preconized by the pope until five years later, he governed the diocese through auxiliary bishops.
		In 1538 he concluded the Treaty of Nagyvárad with King Ferdinand; the treaty invested János with the royal title and most of the Hungarian territory; and King Ferdinand as successor to the Hungarian crown.
		King János I died on July 21, 1540 and on his deathbed, he repudiated the treaty and left the crown to his young son, János Zsigmond, born only nine days before his father's death.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/bios1551.htm (1244 words)

	HUNGARY archives -- March 1999 (#59)
		> > In the pre-Trianon Treaty Magyarorszag, Panczélcseh was situated in the > Chakigorboi J(urisdiction) of Szolnok-Doboka County of Erdély.
		I know that after the communist takeover Romania was divided into "regions", I assume based on the Russian model.
		At that time there was a Hungarian Autonomous Region, among many others, such as Cluj (Kolozsvar), Oradea (Nagyvarad), and others.
	hermes.circ.gwu.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9903&L=hungary&F=&S=&P=5700 (218 words)

	Documented Facts ...
		It is public opinion among Hungarians in Transylvania that the fate of all Hungarians in that region is sealed.
		This assertion is based on documentation of the constant violations of the Paris Peace Treaty and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by the Rumanian Government, as well as violations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
		Therefore, the Transylvanian World Federation will continue to work incessantly for the exposure of the continued violations of the fundamental human rights by the Rumanian Government and for the promotion of the exercise of the right to national self-determination by the 2.8 million Hungarians in Rumania.
	www.hungarian-history.hu /lib/dfacts/dfacts06.htm (4071 words)

	History
		Jen"o Markovits, born Jacob Marcovics, born 1899 in Nagyvarad, Hungary, bank clerk, jewish.
		After the Trianon Treaty, Nagyvarad became again Oradea (Rumania).
		in 1951) and promised to pay, but the sum is not to be paid due to the stipulations of the peace treaty.
	www.cs.technion.ac.il /~janos/FHIST/history.html (1546 words)

	Wass History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Although he was outnumbered 30 to 1, he lured the army of Balan Pasha into a trap where he killed most of them and took Balan himself as prisoner.
		In 1622, Vid Vass served as the Commander of the Szekely Cavalry in the campaign of Duke Bethlen against the Hapsburg Emperor.
		He was present at the signing ceremonies of the Vienna Treaty, which gave the
	www.czegeiwass.org /Wass_Family_History.htm (3722 words)

	Ádámos Transylvania Partner Church Visit 18 August – 31 August 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We made the short drive into Nagyvarad (Romanian Oradea, all Transylvanian cities and villages have a Hungarian, Romanian and sometimes a German name; I tend to use the Hungarian names).
		When I visited Nagyvarad 22 years ago one of the things that struck me the most were the empty store shelves.
		It is a beautiful hymn and it was an honor to hear the congregation sing it.
	www.fusf.org /fusf/partner_visit04/index.htm (10198 words)

	The Morning Journal - News - 09/21/2003 - Museum would showcase Lorain's Hungarian history
		He and his wife, Valerie, moved from the metropolitan region of Nagyvarad, Translyvania (Romania), where he was a minister at a reformed church for 27 years.
		His grandparents lived there when it was part of Hungary.
		After World War I, that part of Hungary was divided into Romania in the Treaty of Trianon.
	www.morningjournal.com /site/printerFriendly.cfm?brd=1699&dept_id=46371&newsid=10198990 (1145 words)

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