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Topic: Treaty of Nanjing

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	Nanjing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nanjing was the capital of the Taiping Kingdom in the mid-19th century, being renamed as Tianjing(天京) (lit.
		Nanjing is currently consisted of 13 County-level divisions, of which 12 are districts and 2 are counties.
		In Tang-Song period, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscence of its luxurious past; in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the city was the official imperial examination center for the Jiangnan region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Nanjing (2863 words)

	Nanjing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province.
		Nanjing, with a total area of 6,598 km², is situated in the largest economic zone of China, the Yangtze River Delta, which is part of the downstream Yangtze River drainage basin.
		Nanjing was the capital of the Taiping Kingdom in the mid-19th century, being renamed as Tianjing (天京) (lit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nanjing (3296 words)

	NANJING. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The second largest city in the region (after Shanghai), Nanjing is at the intersection of three major railroad lines.
		The Treaty of Nanjing, signed in 1842 at the end of the Opium War, opened China to foreign trade.
		Nanjing again fell to the Communists in Apr., 1949, and from 1950 until 1952, when it became the provincial capital, Nanjing was administered as part of an autonomous region.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/na/Nanjing.html (453 words)

	Treaty of Nanking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is the first of the Unequal Treaties signed by China with a foreign power.
		In particular it did not resolve the status of the opium trade with China, which was profitable for the British and which many historians believe to have been devastating to the Chinese.
		The equivalent American treaty forbade the opium trade, but, as both the British and American merchants were only subject to the legal control of their consuls, the trade continued.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Nanjing (226 words)

	Treaty of Tientsin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaties of Tientsin (天津條約) were signed in Tianjin in June 1858, ending the first part of the Second Opium War (1856-1860).
		These treaties opened eleven more Chinese ports (see Treaty of Nanjing) to the foreigners, permitted foreign legations in Beijing, allow Christian missionary activity, and legalised the import of opium so that millions in China would become addicted.
		They were ratified by the Emperor of China in the Beijing Convention in 1860, after the end of the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Tientsin (238 words)

	Second Opium War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		On May 28, 1858, Treaty of Aigun, the separate treaty is signed with Russia to revise the Chinese and Russian border as determined by the Nerchinsk Treaty in 1689.
		In 1859, after China refused to allow the esablishment of embassies in Beijing as agreed to by the Treaty of Tientsin, a naval force under the command of Admiral Sir James Hope shelled the forts guarding the mouth of the Peiho river.
		The June 1858 Treaty of Tientsin was finally ratified by the emperor Xianfeng in the Convention of Peking on October 18, 1860.
	www.butte-silverbow.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Second_Opium_War (1348 words)

	Nanjing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nanjing is also the transportation hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area.
		Nanjing Port is a port for foreign trade leading to the Pacific ocean and western countries.
		Nanjing is a popular tourist city, with probably the largest number of heritage tourist sites in China, including the world's longest ancient circumvallation, the largest ancient imperial lake garden (Xuanwuhu Lake Park), and the greatest traditional Chinese commercial center (the Fuzimiao Temple Area).
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/na/Nanjing.htm (763 words)

	PERKINS, D
		NANJING Formerly known as Nanking; a city with a population of about 4.5 million that is the capital of Jiangsu Province in eastern China, Nanjing is one of China’s four ancient capital cities and has also been the modern capital of the country.
		Nanjing lies between two fertile plains, the Jiangnan Plain to the south and the Huai River (Huaihe) Plain to the north.
		The Qing government capitulated and signed the Treaty of Nanjing, the first of the so-called "unequal treaties" that it was forced to sign with foreign powers, opening Chinese cities to foreign traders and residents as treaty ports.
	www.upf.es /materials/huma/central/historia/asiaweb/seminari/grup-b/material/nanquin.htm (1461 words)

	Nanjing
		Under various names, Nanjing was the capital of six different dynasties for short periods beween the 3rd and 6th centuries.
		Nanjing became a treaty port in 1858, and in 1898 it opened to foreign trade.
		During the war between China and Japan it was bombed and attacked by Japanese infantry in 1937, and fell on 18 December 1937.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0010922.html (301 words)

	Treaty of Nanking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Treaty of Nanking (南京條約, pinyin: Nánjīng Tiáoyuē) is the agreement which marked the end of the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and China.
		It was signed on August 29, 1842 onboard the British warship in Nanjing (then known as "Nanking").
		Under the treaty, China agreed to cede Hong Kong Island to the British Empire, and open the following treaty ports of China for foreign trade:
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Treaty_of_Nanjing (258 words)

	Nanjing: My Home Town (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nanjing is in the region of Lower Yangzi Mandarin dialects, which means it sounds more like the "standard" Chinese spoken in Beijing than the Wu dialects spoken to the east towards Shanghai.
		Nanjing cuisine is typified by finely chopped ingredients, with natural flavours highlighted through the use of original stocks and broths.
		Nanjing is called one of the "Three Furnaces" of China due to its hot climate in the summer; however, the inhabitants are protected from the worst of the heat by its beautiful tree-lined streets.
	www.magmacom.com /~mtooker/cities/nanjing.htm (656 words)

	Gallery - Nanjing City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nanjing is the provincial capital of Jiangsu and has a population of 5 million.
		Nanjing is a beautiful city with plenty of trees alongside the boulevards.
		Chinese government was forced to sign the "Nanjing Treaty" in 1842 after being defeated in the "Opium War" against Britain.
	www.index-china-travel.com /g-nanjing.html (211 words)

	Victor P&B Website - My Hometown - Nanjing
		According to the Nanjing Treaty signed by the government of the Qing Dynasty and Britain in 1842, Hong Kong island was ceded to Britain.
		Nanjing is within the northern subtropical monsoon area and has four distinct seasons.
		But the streets of the whole city are thickly lined with sycamore trees.(50% of the city is covered with trees and this percentage is the highest among all the cities in China and 7th in the world.) So walking in the streets in summer may not be that hot.
	www.geocities.com /victorcy2000/englishversion/nanjing.htm (560 words)

	The Anglo-Chinese Treaty of Nanking (1842)
		Moreover, the drug trade could now continue without interruption as far as the traders were concerned for the treaty also ceded to Britain the offshore island of Hong Kong where the opium traders could thenceforth conduct their illegal operations.
		It is agreed that Her Britannic Majesty's Chief High Officer in China shall correspond with the Chinese High Officers, both at the capital and in the provinces,.
		Whereas by the Xth Article of the Treaty between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, concluded and signed on board Her Britannic Majesty's ship Cornwallis, at Nanking, on the 29th day of August, 1842.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob24.html (819 words)

	AllRefer.com - treaty port (International Law) - Encyclopedia
		treaty port, port opened to foreign trade by a treaty.
		The Treaty of Nanjing (1842), which restored peace, provided for five treaty ports : Xiamen, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and Shanghai.
		As in all the 69 Chinese treaty ports that were finally opened, zones were established for foreign residence that enjoyed extraterritoriality.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/treatypo.html (334 words)

	The Opium War and the Opening of China
		The Treaty of Nanjing (August, 1842) and supplement treaties (July and October 1843) signed between the British and the Chinese were the first of the humiliating "unequal treaties".
		However because the Treaty of Nanjing was designed to obtain free trade, its economic effects were the most severe.
		The treaty ports which lay on the South Eastern Coast of China between Shanghai and Canton, gave Western merchants access to the most developed area of China where the economy was liveliest.
	historyliterature.homestead.com /files/extended.html (4167 words)

	ipedia.com: Nanjing Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nanjing has been well known as a cultural and educational center in China for more than a thousand years.
		Nanjing was also the capital of the Taiping Rebellion in the mid-19th century.
		After the Northern Expedition in 1928, the Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-Shek established Nanjing as the capital of China in opposition to a government in Beijing led by northern warlords, and an alternate government in Wuhan led by Wang Jingwei.
	www.ipedia.com /nanjing.html (533 words)

	China Business Guide
		The Treaty of Nanjing, signed in 1842 at the conclusion of the First Opium War, opened China to foreign trade.
		Nanjing is also famous for its educational institutions, which include Nanjing University and Nanjing Institute of Technology.
		Nanjing today is a prosperous city, with an integrated iron-steel complex, an oil refinery, food-processing establishments and hundreds of plants producing a variety of items including chemicals, textiles, cement, fertilizers, machinery, weapons, electronic equipment, optical instruments, photographic equipment, and trucks.
	www.chinabusinessguide.biz /destinations/cities.php?city_id=46 (370 words)

	Mid-Century Rebellions and War
		Grew from 20,000 in Guangxi, to 120,000 in Changsha (September 1852), and 500,000 in Wuchang in early 1853.
		Breakdown of attempts at treaty revision in 1854.
		Nine new treaty ports: Tianjin, Niuchuang and Dengzhou in the north; Hankou, Jiujiang and Jinjiang in the Yangzi; and Swatow, Tamsui and Gaoxiong in the south.
	history.binghamton.edu /hist274/Feb17.htm (564 words)

	Regents Prep Global History & Geography: Vocabulary Words Starting With Letter ‘T’
		Treaty of Nanjing : (1842) An unequal treaty between Great Britain and China resulting from the Opium War.
		The treaty stated that China was to reimburse Britain for costs incurred fighting the war.
		Treaty of Versailles : Treaty ending World War I. It was extremely unfair to Germany, forcing them to accept all of the blame for the war.
	regentsprep.org /regents/global/vocab/topic_alpha.cfm?topic=t (978 words)

	Nanjing, Treaty of -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		Treaty that ended the first Opium War, the first of the unequal treaties between China and foreign imperialist powers.
		The treaty was supplemented in 1843 by the British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue, which allowed British citizens to be tried in British courts and granted Britain any rights in China that China might grant to other countries.
		According to modern diplomatic usage, the term treaty is confined to particularly significant international agreements.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9373002?tocId=9373002 (862 words)

	Tea, Opium, and the Opening of China
		Sugar imports: 8,176 tons (1663) to 97,000+ (1775).
		Treaty ports: Canton, Amoy (Xiamen), Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai.
		First of unequal treaties and beginning of Western imperialism in China (treaty port imperialism).
	history.binghamton.edu /hist274/Feb15.htm (511 words)

	The Forum of the 1.Jagdmoroner Abteilung - opium wars
		China, unable to withstand modern arms, was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing (1842) and the British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue (1843).
		British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party.
		China's subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britain's determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859.
	www.1jma.dk /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=4337 (385 words)

	Shanghai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The war ended with the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing, which saw the treaty ports, Shanghai included, opened for international trade.
		The Treaty of the Bogue signed in 1843, and the Sino-American Treaty of Wangsia signed in 1844 together saw foreign nations achieve extraterritoriality on Chinese soil.
		The Sino-Japanese War fought 1894-95 over control of Korea concluded with the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which saw Japan emerge as an additional foreign power in Shanghai.
	usapedia.com /s/shanghai.html (953 words)

	Nanjing on Almondnet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Nanjing Map & Travel Guide - interactive map of Nanjing and area maps of Nanjing, with locations of major tourist...
		Nanjing Map and Travel Guide - interactive map of Nanjing and area maps of Nanjing, with locations of major tourist attractions and hotels.
		The Nanjing (or Nanking) Incident (also known as the Rape of Nanjing, the Nanjing Massacre and the Nanjing Atrocities) remains a...
	www.jacuzzis-uk.co.uk /jacuzzi/nanjing.html (519 words)

	Treaty ports -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first five treaty ports were set up by (Click link for more info and facts about Nanjing Treaty) Nanjing Treaty in 1842.
		Foreigners, who were centred in foreign sections newly built on the edge of Chinese port cities, enjoyed (Click link for more info and facts about extraterritoriality) extraterritoriality stipulated by unequal treaties.
		Foreign clubs, race courses, and churches were institutionalized in major treaty ports.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tr/treaty_ports.htm (786 words)

	Modern Era
		In 1727 the Treaty of Kiakhta delimited the remainder of the eastern portion of the Sino-Russian border.
		Unprepared for war and grossly underestimating the capabilities of the enemy, the Chinese were disastrously defeated, and their image of their own imperial power was tarnished beyond repair.
		The Treaty of Nanjing (1842), signed on board a British warship by two Manchu imperial commissioners and the British plenipotentiary, was the first of a series of agreements with the Western trading nations later called by the Chinese the "unequal treaties." Under the Treaty of Nanjing, China ceded the island of Hong Kong (
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/modern.html (1113 words)

	Articles - Treaty ports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Treaty ports were port cities opened by unequal treaties in China, Japan and Korea.
		The first five treaty ports were set up by Nanjing Treaty in 1842.
		Foreigners, who were centred in foreign sections newly built on the edge of Chinese port cities, enjoyed extraterritoriality stipulated by unequal treaties.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Treaty_Ports (315 words)

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