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Topic: Treaty of Ripen

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	Antarctica: Fact Sheet
		The Antarctic Treaty, signed during mounting Cold War tensions, successfully banned all military activity, nuclear testing, and the dumping of radioactive materials on the continent.
		The Madrid Protocol goes further than the original treaty as it designates Antarctica as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science and places a moratorium on mining and drilling for oil for a minimum of 50 years.
		Although avoiding altogether the issue of sovereignty claims, the development of the 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is viewed as a model for future environmental treaties which employ the precautionary principle towards natural resource exploration.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/antarctica.html (1828 words)

	Republic of Georgia
		On July 24, 1783, the Treaty of Georgievsk was signed by representatives of King Herekle and Catherine the Great which made Kartli-Kakheti a protectorate of the Russian empire.
		The treaty of May 7, 1920, in which Soviet Russia and Social Democratic Georgia recognized each other’s covereignty was broken when, on February 14, 1921, the 11th Red Army crossed from Azerbaijan into Georgia.
		On the Lower-Kartli plain, in the Mtkvari and Khrami valleys, vegetables that ripen earliest are grown.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/georgian/history.html (6867 words)

	Acquistion of Oregon -- by Marshall 1911
		The treaty said nothing about boundaries, but provided that "all territory, places and possessions whatsoever, taken by either party from the other during the war, or which may be taken after the signing of this treaty, excepting the islands hereinafter mentioned (in the Bay of Fundy) shall be restored without delay."
		The treaty provided for a commission to run this boundary line and mark it where needful, but Mexico so soon won her independence that this provision was never carried into effect.
		Benton bitterly opposed the ratification of this treaty of August 6, 1827, but could only rally against it six other Senators (only one of whom, Cobb of Georgia, was from a seaboard State)--the vote being 31 for and 7 against, with no record of the opinions of the eight Senators who did not vote.
	homepage.mac.com /fotl/marshall/marshall_141-284.html (10941 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		They cannot seek release based on violations of the Constitution or treaties or federal law; the courts are not open to them.
		Whatever other relief the detainees seek, their claims necessarily rest on alleged violations of the same category of laws listed in the habeas corpus statute, and are therefore beyond the jurisdic- tion of the federal courts.
		To have federal courts discover it among the writings of those considered experts in international law and in treaties the Senate may or may not have ratified is anti-democratic and at odds with principles of separation of powers.
	laws.lp.findlaw.com /dc/025251a.html (7640 words)

	Treaty of Ribe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of Ribe (in Danish known as Ribe-brevet, in German known as Vertrag von Ripen) was a proclamation made by King Christian I of Denmark to a number of German nobles enabling himself to become count of Holstein and regain control of Denmark's lost duchy of Schleswig (in Danish also known as Sønderjylland, i.e.
		The proclamation was issued in 1460 and established that the King of Denmark should also be duke of Schleswig and count of Holstein.
		German nationalists, seeking German unification, cited the Treaty of Ribe and wished to integrate the ethnically mixed but Danish-dominated Schleswig as well as the German Holstein, which had been part of the Holy Roman Empire and now was part of the German Confederation, into a new German empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Ribe (2158 words)

	Disarmament Diplomacy: - Making the Conference on Disarmament Accountable to the United Nations
		The treaty was adopted by 158 votes to 3, with 5 abstentions - more than 85 percent of UN membership (closer to 95 percent once adjustments are made for those unable to vote by reason of being behind with their UN payments).
		Consensus is important in negotiating arms control treaties because States need to know that they have full input in determining the text and small print of agreements which will affect their national security interests.
		Since in the case of arms control treaties, the 'key' States are usually those which have the largest arsenals, their signatures are more essential to the implementation of such measures than some others, whose objections may have a more ideological function.
	www.acronym.org.uk /textonly/dd/dd17/17acc.htm (2787 words)

	USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
		Now that the administration of the whole of Arabia had come in the hands of the Believers, and all the opposing powers had become helpless, it was necessary to make a clear declaration of that policy which was to be adopted to make her a perfect Dar-ul-Islam.
		A clear declaration was made that all the treaties with the mushriks were abolished and the Muslims would be released from the treaty obligations with them after a respite of four months.(vv.
		This portion deals with the sanctity of treaties and lays down principles, rules and regulations which must be kept in view before breaking them, in case the other party does not observe them sincerely.
	www.usc.edu /dept/MSA/quran/maududi/mau9.html (4105 words)

	Breakdown of the Peace, 18 May 1803
		That treaty precluded us in no instance from acting upon the system which became a great and generous nation, or from taking any reasonable opportunity that offered for succouring the distresses of others, and protecting the smaller states.
		It was notorious, that at the conclusion of the treaty, Piedmont, although not called by the name of the department of the Po, was to all intents and purposes a province of France.
		The French government was bound by treaty, as well as by every principle of justice, to withdraw their troops from Switzerland, to leave that country to itself, even with the miserable government which they had established in it, and to respect its independence.
	www.utc.edu /Faculty/Anthony-Steinhoff/317/FoxAmiens.html (7995 words)

	[No title]
		The first treaty, in what is now a part of Manitoba, was made in pursuance of a purchase of the old District of Assiniboia from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1811 by Lord Selkirk, who in that year sent out the first batch of colonists from the north of Scotland to Red River.
		Treaty No. 5 followed, with the cession of 100,000 square miles of territory, covering the Lake Winnipeg region, etc., after which the Great Treaty (No.6), at Forts Carlton and Pitt, in 1876, covering almost all the country drained by the two Saskatchewans, was partly effected by Mr.
		The satisfactory turn of the Lesser Slave Lake Treaty, it was felt, would have a good effect elsewhere, and that, upon hearing of it at the various treaty points to the west and north, the Indians would be more inclined to expedite matters, and to close with the Commissioner's proposals.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/2/5/6/12569/12569.txt (20031 words)

	History of Schleswig-Holstein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of Ribe (in Danish known as Ribe-brevet, in German known as Vertrag von Ripen) was a proclamation made by King Christian I of Denmark to a number of German nobles enabling himself to become count of Holstein and regain the Danish duchy of Schleswig.
		As the result of the short campaign that followed, the preliminaries of a treaty of peace were signed on the 1st of August, the king of Denmark renouncing all his rights in the duchies in favour of the emperor of Austria and the king of Prussia.
		To add to the misery, the Danish government refused to allow the Danish optants expelled by Prussia to settle in Denmark, though this rule was modified by the Danish Nationality Law of 1898 in favour of the children of optants born after the passing of the law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Schleswig-Holstein (12274 words)

	Thomas Nelson Page. Italy and the World War. 1920. Chapters 13-15.
		The conversations which led up to the treaty extended over some little time, as Russia had to be consulted and brought into the plan, as the generally accepted guardian of the Slavs of the South.
		As to the rest of the terms, the Ægean Islands were, he contended, taken from Turkey and were held by Italy under the treaty of Lausanne, and Turkey had failed to meet the conditions on which they would have been restored to her.
		Fiume was conceded to the Croatians because Russia's consent to the treaty had to be secured and Sazonoff demanded it--ostensibly as an outlet for the Slavs of the South.
	www.lib.byu.edu /estu/wwi/comment/Italy/Page05.htm (12851 words)

	Teacher Resources - Collection - American Indians of the Pacific Northwest
		A search on treaty provides seven examples, one of which is included in the article, "The Indian Treaty of Point No Point." All but one of the treaties were negotiated by Washington Territory's Governor Isaac I. Stevens in 1855.
		The treaties stand as fundamental, often defining documents for native groups in the United States, as much or more than the Declaration of Independence or the Constitution.
		Treaties made in the Pacific Northwest stipulated that the U.S. government would provide education to Native Americans living on reservations.
	memory.loc.gov /learn/collections/pacific/file.html (9259 words)

	SSC - TEKS and TAKS - TEKS Glossary - Grade 7
		Under terms of the Constitution of 1836, elections were held and Sam Houston became the president of the Republic of Texas.
		In the Treaty of Velasco, Santa Anna agreed to stop fighting the Texans and to support the independence of Texas.
		The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo transferred more western territory to the United States and reinvigorated the sectional conflict over the expansion of slavery into territories.
	www.tea.state.tx.us /ssc/teks_and_taas/teks/gloss7.htm (3523 words)

	Letter of Gerrit Smith on the Reciprocity Treaty.
		Iron in the pig, as, well as in the ore, should be included in the Treaty; and if it is not, it is, probably, because of the fear on the part of the Provinces of thereby letting in Scotch and other pigs, duty free.
		As we care more for the whole human brotherhood than for a part of it; and as the are more concerned to have fuel and food accessible to the poor than to have them bring great prices to their owners, so the lower the prices of coal and wheat, the more we are to rejoice.
		The millions of new customers, that the Treaty gives her, are at her door; and, to this respect, she can serve them cheaper than the other States can.
	libwww.syr.edu /digital/collections/g/GerritSmith/604.htm (4393 words)

	ripen - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "ripen" is defined.
		ripen : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Words similar to ripen: ripened, ripener, ripening, age, mature, mellow, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=ripen&ls=a (187 words)

	IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
		Thus, treaties that are not self‑executing for the purpose of creating a private cause of action are executed or implemented by the ATCA.
		More generally, treaties are to be construed in a broad manner in favor of rights that may be claimed under them, and thus are to be construed to protect express and implied rights and in a manner not limiting of the reach of private rights or corresponding duties.
		Riggs, 133 U.S. 258, 271 (1890)(“where a treaty admits of two constructions, one restrictive of rights that may be claimed under it and the other favorable to them, the latter is to be preferred.”); Hauenstein v.
	www.cja.org /cases/Liuqi_Docs/Liuqi_PaustAff.html (5799 words)

	A Short Historical Consideration of German War Guilt, by Alfred Jodl, 6 September 1945
		The three most important of its aims were: to overcome all the aspects of Marxism and with it, the idea of the class struggle; to free Germany from the spiritual, cultural and economical domination of the Jews ; and to free Germany from the chains of the Versailles treaty.
		But at the end, the fact that any other party or any constellation of government was unable to achieve success in their foreign or domestic political affairs, as a result of the oppressive clauses of the Versailles treaty, led the party through a legal way to success.
		The vacation facilities for the workers, and finally the solving of the most oppressing clauses of the Versailles treaty without war and in an even friendly atmosphere with England and France.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/Jodl3.htm (2482 words)

	Future Directions of Nuclear Verification
		What emerges is that, despite the general respect paid to the "reliability" of the Agency' s NPT-type safeguards, the parties view a treaty establishing a zone free of weapons of mass destruction as the primary instrument and NPT obligations as only "complementing" those in a zone treaty.
		They send data continuously to the Treaty Secretariat in Vienna and the data are compiled and made available to institutions in States party to the Treaty.
		In the area of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, great efforts have been made in recent years to conclude such agreements to ensure there be no delay in bringing the Treaty fully into force once all States in the region have accepted it.
	www.iaea.org /Publications/Magazines/Bulletin/Bull394/blix.html (3793 words)

	[No title]
		Medina asserted a separate claim against the nation of Portugal alleging that pursuant to a treaty between the United States and Portugal, Portugal is jointly and severally liable for the costs of construction, equipping [sic] and maintenance of joint facilities.
		In opposition, Medina submits that jurisdiction is lacking because its TSP did not ripen into a valid CDA claim and, therefore, absent a prior claim, the CO's final decision was both improper and ineffectual.
		Accordingly, it is concluded from the undisputed facts that the parties reached an impasse, and the certified TSP ripened into a certified CDA claim, on August 26, 1996 when the contractor made an unequivocal request for a final decision.
	www.uscfc.uscourts.gov /Opinions/Merow/99/medina.htm (11329 words)

	[No title]
		They invoked on the Treaty of Ripen of 1460, according to which the estates of both lands had determined that Schleswig and Holstein should never be divided (up ewig ungedeelt).
		Not having long to live, the Danish King, Christian VIII, who was also Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg, was urged by the Eider Danes to declare all possessions of his house to be indivisible.
		One year later, on 2 July 1850, Prussia concluded a peace treaty with Denmark in Berlin, with Prussia simultaneously signing in the name of the German Confederation, which had meanwhile regained its capacity to act.
	www.dhm.de /ENGLISH/ausstellungen/bismarck/95.htm (1657 words)

	Edward Kwakwa, Some Comments on Rulemaking at the World Intellectual Property Organization, 12 Duke J. of Comp. & Int'l ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Thus, these two "Internet" treaties, which should have entered into force some three or more years ago, in all likelihood will not enter into force until the first half of 2002, more than six years after their adoption.
		Ultimately, the failure of the WIPO draft Treaty for the Settlement of Disputes, in the face of the establishment of a dispute settlement mechanism under the WTO framework, illustrates the significance of competing legal regimes or the existence of intergovernmental organizations with mandates that create the potential for competing jurisdiction or duplication in efforts.
		ILO treaties are not signed, but are adopted by the Conference by a majority of two-thirds of the votes cast.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/djcil/articles/djcil12p179.htm (6605 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Spring 2002
		The primary source of this regulation is contained in Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions, a provision that is identical in all four treaties and thus referred to as a “common” article.
		The lawyers for Tadic argued that because the law-of-war treaty provisions providing for the prosecution of offenders applied only during state-versus-state conflicts, applying such liability to civil war was illegal.[12] They then argued that the absence of similar provisions in the limited law regulating conduct during pure civil wars supported their position.
		It is well accepted in international law that a treaty obligation may “ripen” into customary international law, and thereby become binding on states which are not party to the treaty.
	www.carlisle.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/02spring/corn.htm (6296 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Spring 2002
		The primary source of this regulation is contained in Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions, a provision that is identical in all four treaties and thus referred to as a “common” article.
		The lawyers for Tadic argued that because the law-of-war treaty provisions providing for the prosecution of offenders applied only during state-versus-state conflicts, applying such liability to civil war was illegal.[12] They then argued that the absence of similar provisions in the limited law regulating conduct during pure civil wars supported their position.
		It is well accepted in international law that a treaty obligation may “ripen” into customary international law, and thereby become binding on states which are not party to the treaty.
	carlisle-www.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/02spring/corn.htm (6296 words)

	The History of Washington State
		This Joint Occupancy Treaty aided the British, but from its very inception was a hindrance and drawback to American progress in Oregon.
		Adams, Clay and Gallatin-- were undoubtedly honest men, doing what, in accordance with their rights, they believed to be for the best interests of the republic, sand without prejudice to the ultimate possession of all that we claimed in the Northwest Coast.
		Buchanan, with the weak diplomacy which was to meet its culmination of wavering in his senile official dementia of 1861, moved to strike out all that provided for the establishment of a post of entry and extending the revenue laws over the territory, because it was an infringement of the treaty of 1818.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/wa/state1/his/ch16pt2.htm (2583 words)

	Reaching Critical Will
		Because there is no protocol that could provide the the Biological Weapons Treaty with at least a monitoring capability there is interest in the fate of UNMOVIC which was established to ensure the destruction of any biological or chemical weapons and missiles in Iraq.
		They had called for “preserving and strengthening” the ABM Treaty, though in 2000 it was well known that that treaty was in jeopardy due to the U.S. drive for missiles defenses.
		A/C.1/58/L.6, "Consolidation of the regime established by the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco)," was put sponsored by Brazil, and A/C.1/58/L.11, "African Nuclear-Weapon-Free-Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba) by Nigeria." Both of these resolutions were passed without a vote.
	www.reachingcriticalwill.org /political/1com/FCM/finalreport.html (11891 words)

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