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Topic: Treaty of San Francisco

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	Treaty of San Francisco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Therefore this treaty is popularly known as the Treaty of San Francisco.
		The Treaty made extensive use of the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to enunciate the Allies' goals.
		The Republic of China, however, enacted a separate Treaty of Peace with Japan in 1952, which basically acknowledged the terms of the San Francisco Treaty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/San_Francisco_Peace_Treaty (879 words)

	San Francisco, California - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth-largest city in California and the 14th-largest in the United States, with a 2004 population of 744,230.
		San Francisco has a unique mix of physical characteristics, including its months-long episodes of fog, its steep rolling hills, its eclectic mix of architecture (including Victorian style houses and modern high-rises), and its being bordered on three sides by the Pacific Ocean and the San Francisco Bay.
		San Francisco is also the center of gay media with newspapers and magazines such as the The Advocate, and the Bay Area Reporter, among the many gay and lesbian-themed media in the city.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/San_Francisco (7846 words)

	San Francisco, California Article @ VariedTastes.com (Varied Tastes) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		San Francisco is located on the tip of the San Francisco Peninsula and is the focal point of the San Francisco Bay Area, whose population is seven million.
		The major highways in San Francisco are Interstate 80 which begins at the Bay Bridge and goes eastbound; U.S. Northbound, US 101 uses arterial streets, Van Ness Avenue and Lombard Street to the Golden Gate Bridge and Marin County.
		San Francisco has the most extensive public transit system on the U.S. It also has one of the highest riderships: 35% of the city's population use public transit as part of their daily commute.
	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/San_Francisco,_California (5392 words)

	U.N. Women's Treaty Molds San Francisco Government
		The treaty, known as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, or CEDAW, was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979 and signed by President Jimmy Carter in 1980.
		San Francisco voted to adopt the treaty in 1998 after delegates attended the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing and saw how it was being used around the world.
		While changes in San Francisco are not as dramatic--most are not evident and few residents are even aware that the city adopted the treaty--they do highlight inequities that activists say women still face in the United States.
	www.womensenews.org /article.cfm/dyn/aid/983 (1665 words)

	East Asian Studies Documents: 1951 Peace Treaty between Japan and the Allied Powers
		The treaties and conventions so notified shall be considered as having been continued in force or revived three months after the date of notification and shall be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations.
		Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 25 of the present Treaty, China shall be entitled to the benefits of Articles 10 and 14(a)2; and Korea to the benefits of Articles 2, 4, 9 and 12 of the present Treaty.
		For the purposes of the present Treaty the Allied Powers shall be the States at war with Japan, or any State which previously formed a part of the territory of a State named in Article 23, provided that in each case the State concerned has signed and ratified the Treaty.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /eas/documents/peace1951.htm (3722 words)

	ipedia.com: Treaty of San Francisco Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Treaty of Peace with Japan was officially signed by 48 nations on September 8, 1951 in San Francisco, resulting in the popularly used moniker, The San Francisco Treaty.
		The treaty does not formally state which nations are sovereign over these areas, a fact that some supporters of Taiwan independence use to debatably justify Taiwanese self-determination.
		Neither the Republic of China nor the People's Republic of China were invited to the San Francisco Peace Conference and therefore neither signed this treaty.
	www.ipedia.com /treaty_of_san_francisco.html (388 words)

	Protocol to the San Francisco Peace Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, contracts of insurance and reinsurance shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of parts D and E of the present Protocol.
		Treaties and other Contracts of Reinsurance, save as hereinafter expressly provided, shall be deemed to have been determined as at the date the parties became enemies, and all cessions thereunder shall be cancelled with effect from that date.
		Provided that cessions in respect of voyage policies which had attached under a Treaty of Marine Reinsurance shall be deemed to have remained in full effect until their natural expiry in accordance with the terms and conditions on which the risk had been ceded.
	www.taiwandocuments.org /sanfrancisco02.htm (902 words)

	SPICE Publication - San Francisco Peace Treaty: The Cold War and the Peace Process
		As the scope and frequency of treaties in international relations continue to evolve, it is imperative that we increase our awareness of treaties and how they operate.
		As we revisit the San Francisco Peace Treaty, we commemorate the end of both the Pacific War and the Allied Occupation of Japan.
		In this lesson, students will discuss the reparations clause of the San Francisco Peace Treaty and the ways in which current war grievance issues might be resolved.
	spice.stanford.edu /publications/12072 (699 words)

	treaty
		It is recognised that all treaties, conventions, and agreements concluded before 9 December 1941 between Japan and China have become null and void as a consequence of the war.
		Unless otherwise provided for in the present Treaty and the documents supplementary thereto, any problem arising between the Republic of China and Japan as a result of the existence of a state of war shall be settled in accordance with the relevant provisions of the San Francisco Treaty.
		The present Treaty shall be ratified and the instruments of ratification shall be exchanged at Taipei as soon as possible.
	www.onechinacommittee.org /treaty.htm (425 words)

	San Francisco Peace Treaty: Has Justice Been Served and Peace Secured
		On the eve of the Treaty's anniversary, Japan is ready to look forward to a new era, claiming it has fulfilled its obligations according to the San Francisco Peace Treaty and other bilateral treaties and international agreements and therefore has resolved all war-related issues.
		Thus signatories of the Treaty waived all reparations claims for war damages from Japan, a position the United States government strongly advocated in 1951 despite intense resistance especially from the victimized Asian countries.
		Therefore, on the eve of the commemoration of its 50th anniversary, we need to ask not only whether the San Francisco Peace Treaty is a just Treaty, but also whether it has stood in the way of peace and genuine reconciliation between the perpetrator and the victim nations and individuals.
	www.global-alliance.net /SFPT/SFPTSanFranciscoPeaceTreatyIntroduction.htm (1687 words)

	JPRI Critique Vol. VIII No. 7
		This treaty brought a formal end to hostilities between Japan and 46 signatory nations, led by the United States, and laid the groundwork for the military alliance between Japan and the United States.
		At the 50th Anniversary celebration of the San Francisco Peace Treaty a group of American POWs protested the conferences and galas while they are attempting to pursue financial relief for having been enslaved by certain Japanese pre-war conglomerates, particularly the firms of Mitsui and Mitsubishi.
		At San Francisco, Yoshida alone signed for Japan because the conservative opposition Democratic Party and the Socialists were opposed to any military alliance with the United States and because he wanted to indicate to the Japanese people that he alone was taking responsibility for it.
	www.jpri.org /publications/critiques/critique_VIII_7.html (1781 words)

	US — Japan Treaty
		The treaty officially ended World War II and the peace conference itself was attended by representatives of virtually every nation on earth.
		The Japanese Peace Treaty Conference, it must be remembered, helped usher in the concept and practice of the Asia Pacific Basin as matrix for social, cultural, economic, and diplomatic interchange–and for San Francisco to serve that emergent Asian Pacific culture in its civil crossroads city, its Geneva of the Pacific.
		The exhibition is sponsored by the University of San Francisco’s Center for the Pacific Rim.
	www.usfca.edu /media_relations/releases/US_Japan.html (567 words)

	An Open Letter to the British Prime Minister
		The contemptuous reply you have given to the victims' case ~ "that it was all settled by the San Francisco Treaty" ~ seemingly reinforced by your spokesman in Parliament last month, has shown your attitude to Japanese atrocities to be as ill-briefed, as uncaring and as racist as that of your predecessors.
		It was not "all settled" in San Francisco.
		Second is the long-concealed factor that the San Francisco Treaty did not deny the right of British internees, who received £48 compensation for "undue hardship", to receive more (as did the Swiss, who averaged a sum over fifty times greater) if victims possessing any other nationality were to receive more.
	www.baronage.co.uk /const-99.html (1486 words)

	FAPA - Library - Letters to Editors
		One outstanding question remains from this Treaty, by which the Allied Powers formally ended the war with Japan.
		The shared expectations of the parties to the Peace Treaty was that Taiwan's legal status, though temporarily left undetermined, would be decided at an opportune time in accord with the principles of the United Nations Charter - notably the principles of self-determination of people and non-use of force in settling territorial or other disputes.
		Now that the citizens of Taiwan have exercised their democratic rights, effectively achieving the right to self-determination implied in the San Francisco Peace Treaty, it is time for the U.S. to articulate a Aone-PRC, one Taiwan policy@ that reflects this new reality.
	www.fapa.org /letterstoeditor/SFPT50-081801.html (445 words)

	Taiwan Communique no. 99
		We demand that the government incorporate the historical facts regarding the San Francisco Treaty in the teaching materials of the national curriculum.
		The San Francisco Treaty, signed in September 1951, is the most important legal document determining where Taiwan's sovereignty belongs.
		Given the current situation, Taiwan's government should, on the basis of the San Francisco Treaty, resist the PRC's hegemonic claim to Taiwan and establish the fundamental position that Taiwan is not a part of the PRC.
	www.taiwandc.org /twcom/99-no4.htm (1722 words)

	Taiwan Communique no. 98
		It was thus the specific intention of the attendants of the San Francisco Peace Conference that the people of Taiwan should determine the future status of the island based on the principle of self-determination.
		But today is the 50th anniversary of the treaty of San Francisco, the peace treaty that settled the claims arising from World War II in the Far East.
		The treaty contradicted the consensus expressed in the Cairo and Potsdam declarations, which were issued before Japan's surrender, and accepted only Japan's formal renouncement of Formosa and the Pescadores (ie Taiwan and the Penghu Islands).
	www.taiwandc.org /twcom/98-no1.htm (1791 words)

	Pacific Deal -- Michael Armacost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		That treaty is the cornerstone of U.S. security arrangements in the Pacific, for it provides the legal and political basis for related bilateral agreements that have allowed the United States to station troops in Japan for a half-century.
		The San Francisco Treaty anchors other bilateral and multilateral security agreements on which the United States depends.
		The San Francisco Treaty with Japan was an unambiguous settlement of accounts, but in Europe, Germany was divided, and the Cold War prevented or delayed settlements.
	www.brook.edu /views/op-ed/Armacost/20010925.htm (765 words)

	Former POWS demand reparations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		SAN FRANCISCO — Fifty years after Japan and the United States signed a peace treaty in San Francisco, demands for apologies and reparations for Japan's wartime offenses have clouded the anniversary celebrations here this weekend.
		The 50th anniversary celebrations of the San Francisco Peace Treaty will culminate here today, when Secretary of State Colin Powell and Japanese Foreign Minister Makiko Tanaka honor cooperation between the two allies.
		The treaty and accompanying documents gave Japan political independence and cemented a defense alliance that is still an important part of U.S. foreign policy.
	www.bouldernews.com /news/worldnation/08ajapn.html (753 words)

	Contact Our University of Washington Journal Association
		Although all the claimants marshal support for their cases from historical sources, it cannot be denied that much of the uncertainty surrounding the territorial demarcation is a by-product of immediate post-World War II boundary decisions and territorial dispositions.
		The San Francisco Peace Treaty failed to define the “Kurile Islands,” and further to specify the entity in whose favor Japan had renounced sovereignty over the disputed islands.
		However, due to the contradictory nature of the various drafts of the treaty, Korea may still be free to establish that the “Korea” renounced in the San Francisco Peace Treaty included the Liancourt Rocks.
	www.law.washington.edu /pacrim/abstract/11.1.htm (1477 words)

	Japan after WWII
		From American dominated occupation to the Treaty of San Francisco.
		At San Francisco in Sept. 1951, a peace treaty was signed between Japan and most of its opponents in World War II.
		The Treaty of San Francisco went into effect on April 28, 1952, and Japan again assumed full sovereignty.
	www.empereur.com /DOC/Japan_occup.html (989 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1951, Japan signed the San Francisco Peace Treaty, aligning itself with the United States and joining a cold war coalition against the Soviet Union.
		The San Francisco agreement coalesced into foreign policy paradigms that clarified roles and harmonized expectations between both countries for the next half-century.
		The half century since the establishment of the San Francisco system has seen highs and lows in the relations between the two countries, continuing even into the current war on terrorism.
	www.brook.edu /rios/data/sources/book/d0b96b745f72ff3c7ef1b687c0a80007.xml (753 words)

	San Francisco: 50 Years On - Part One
		Dingman argues that the San Francisco settlement signaled the emergence of a new Pacific maritime order in which the United States Navy is the dominant naval force relying on significant bases in Japan.
		In particular, he focuses on the Yokosuka naval base whose retention was called for by the navy and became an important element in Washington's approach to the peace negotiations.
		Foreign Secretary Herbert Morrison, anxious that the British contribution to the ultimate treaty should be properly acknowledged, agreed to be in San Francisco at the last moment for the signing of the peace treaty.
	ideas.repec.org /p/cep/stiisp/425.html (454 words)

	The San Francisco Foundation, Environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To promote protection and restoration of the San Francisco Bay/Delta ecosystem through the efforts of the Environmental Justice Coalition on Water to represent the interests of communities of color and low-income populations.
		The San Francisco Bay Fund helps protect the ecosystem of the San Francisco Bay/ Delta and restores natural water resources depleted by years of water diversion and pollution.
		To promote protection and restoration of the San Francisco Bay/Delta ecosystem through policy advocacy, technical analysis, and grassroots education and organizing.
	www.sff.org /grantmaking/environment.html (1513 words)

	San Francisco History by Subject - Museum of the City of San Francisco
		San Francisco History by Subject - Museum of the City of San Francisco
		San Francisco and the Civil War, by Charles B. Turrill – 1861
		Foreign Assistance to San Francisco During the 1906 Earthquake and Fire
	www.sfmuseum.org /hist1/index0.html (915 words)

	Kinue Tokudome on SFPT
		Both bills seek that federal court not construe section 14(b) of the Treaty of Peace with Japan as constituting a waiver by the United States of claims by POWs so as to preclude their pending action.
		President Truman with the advice and consent of the Senate ratified the Treaty and it became effective April 28, 1952.
		After the moderator mentioned that most of the POW lawsuits had been dismissed on the ground that the Peace Treaty waived their rights, one of the plaintiffs appeared on camera and told, "We were sacrificed once in the Philippines.
	pw1.netcom.com /~guywong/html/SFPTKinue.htm (2215 words)

	Taiwan Advice: Uncovering the Truth about the Taiwan status
		According to the historical record, the "major participants" in Taiwanese history after WWII up through the signing of the peace treaty in 1951 were Japan, the United States, and the Republic of China.
		Interestingly, the United States was the principal occupying power of all areas spoken of in the treaty.
		More specifically, according to the terms of the treaty, Taiwan is held by the military establishment, the United States Military Government.
	www.taiwanadvice.com /ustaiwan (1001 words)

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