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	Treaty of Tordesillas : Treaty of Tordesilhas
		The treaty was ratified by Spain, July 2, and by Portugal, September 5, 1494.
		Naturally the Portuguese King John II was not happy, so he opened negotiations with King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to move the line to the west, arguing that the meridian would extend all around the globe - limiting Spanish control in Asia.
		The treaty effectively countered the bull of Alexander VI but it was sanctioned by Pope Julius II in a new bull of 1506.
	www.fastload.org /tr/Treaty_of_Tordesilhas.html (401 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Treaty of Tordesillas (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The treaty effectively countered the bulls of Alexander VI and was sanctioned by Pope Julius II in a new bull of 1506.
		The Treaty of Tordesillas was concluded on June 7 1494 to settle the contentious matter of the possession of the newly discovered lands of the non Christian world between Portugal and Spain.
		The Treaty of Tordesillas shifted the demarcation line to a circle passing 370 leagues West of the Cape Verde Islands and thus set the legal base for the colonization of the eastern coast of the land now known as Brazil by the Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvarez Cabral.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Treaty-of-Tordesillas (2417 words)

	GUARANI KAIOWA E ÑANDEVA :: Encyclopedia :: Indigenous Peoples in Brazil :: ISA
		It was delimited by the vague Treaty of Tordesilhas, which allowed for varying interpretations on the locations of the border.
		The "Province of Guairá" was located between “the Paranapanema, Paraná, Iguaçu rivers and the vague demarcatory line that divided Portuguese and spanish lands, imposed by the Treaty of Tordesilhas, and corresponding in area to approximately 85% of the present territory occupied by the State of Paraná" (Blasi, 1977: 150).
		With the signing of the Treaty of Madrid (1750) and the demarcation of the border between Brazil and Paraguay in1752, the Guarani re-emerged in a generic information found in the diaries of the demarcatory expeditions.
	www.socioambiental.org /pib/epienglish/guarani_kaiowa/hist.shtm (1767 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Treaty of Tordesillas
		The treaty was ratified by Spain, July 2, and by Portugal, September 5, 1494.
		The treaty effectively countered the bull of Alexander VI but it was sanctioned by Pope Julius II in a new bull of 1506.
		After new negotiations, the Treaty of Saragossa or Treaty of Zaragoza, signed April 22, 1529, specified that the pole-to-pole line of demarcation should pass 297.5 leagues or 17° to the east of the Moluccas, which places the line near 145° east longitude.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Treaty_of_Tordesilhas (870 words)

	tordesilhas treaty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Treaties are called by several names: treaties, international agreements, protocols, covenants, conventions, exchanges of letters, exchanges of notes, etc. Regardless of the name chosen, all of these international agreements under international law are equally treaties and the rules are the same.
		Treaties can be loosely compared to contracts: both are means of willing parties assuming obligations among themselves, and a party to either that fails to live up to their obligations can be held liable under international law for that breach.
		The central principle of treaty law is expressed in the maxim pacta sunt servanda--"pacts must be respected." However, in the United States, treaties are equal in stature to legislation.
	18474-treaty.93.yoursensationcom.com (330 words)

	Tordesilhas Line - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The Tordesilhas Line or Tordesillas Line (Portuguese and Spanish spelling respectively) was estabilished by the Treaty of Tordesillas of June 17 1494 with papal endorsement, partitioning the non-Christian world then to be discovered between Portugal and Spain.
		Its extension into the Eastern Hemisphere should have passed near the Moluccas, but the Treaty of Saragossa of 22 April 1529 moved it to the east, giving the Moluccas to Portugal.
		The line was made obsolete first by the Personal Union of the Crowns of Portugal and Spain from 1560 to 1640, by the expansion of Portuguese settlers into hinterland Brazil, and then by the decline of both Empires.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/t/o/r/Tordesilhas_Line_830e.html (175 words)

	Treaty of Tordesillas (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This was accomplished by the Treaty of Tordesillas (June 7, 1494) which modified the delimitation authorized by Pope Alexander VI in two bulls issued on May 4, 1493.
		The treaty gave to Portugal all lands which might be discovered east of a straight line drawn from the Arctic Pole to the Antarctic, at a distance of 370 leagues west of Cape Verde.
		In fact, many historians long suspect that by the time of the Treaty of Tordesillas, John II may have already known the existence of Brazil and the North America by as early as 1470, thus justifying John II wish to further push the influence line further and further west.
	www.libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Treaty_of_Tordesillas.html (3716 words)

	Tordesilhas Line (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The treaty was ratified by Spain (at the time, the Crowns of Castile and Aragon), July 2, and by Portugal, September 5, 1494.
		The treaty effectively countered the bulls of Alexander VI and was sanctioned by Pope Julius II in a new bull of 1506.
		The treaty states that this line passes through the islands of Las Velas and Santo Thome, named Islas de los Ladrones (Islands of Thieves) by Magellan, which are now called Guam and the Mariana Islands.
	www.lookitup.co.za /t/o/r/Tordesilhas_Line_830e.html (970 words)

	Treaty of Tordesillas: 1494
		The Treaty of Tordesillas was agreed upon by the Spanish and the Portuguese to clear up confusion on newly claimed land in the New World.
		The Treaty of Tordesillas re-established the line 370 leagues (1,770 km) west of the Cape Verde Islands.
		It was evident that little exploration had taken place at the time the treaty was signed because Spain was granted a much larger portion of land.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/Americas/Tordesillas.html (348 words)

	Treaty Did You Mean treaty? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Treaties can be called by many names: treaties, international agreements, protocols, covenants, conventions, exchanges of letters, exchanges of notes, etc.; however all of these are equally treaties, and the rules are the same regardless of what the treaty is called.
		Treaties can be loosely compared to contracts: both are means of willing parties assuming obligations among themselves, and a party to either that fails to live up to their obligations can be held legally liable for that breach.
		Such treaties between colonizers and indigenous peoples are an important part of political discourse in the late 20th and early 21st century, but the treaties being discussed are internationally considered to be part of the nation's domestic law, and to have little international standing.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Treaty.html (3241 words)

	Treaty of Tordesillas
		The '''Treaty of Saragossa''' or '''Treaty of Zaragoza, '''which was signed on April 22, 1529, more precisely specified its #anti-meridiananti-meridian.
		Naturally the Portuguese King John II of PortugalJohn II was not happy, so he opened negotiations with King Ferdinand II of AragonFerdinand and Queen Isabella I of CastileIsabella of Spain to move the line to the west, arguing that the meridian would extend all around the globe andmdash; limiting Spanish control in Asia.
		It was superseded by the Treaty of Madrid (1750)1750 Treaty of Madrid which granted Portugal control of the lands it occupied in South America.
	www.territoriopc.com /eng/treaty_of_tordesillas.php (781 words)

	United States and Brazil: Navigation and Discovery / Brasil e Estados Unidos: Navegações e Descobrimentos
		According to the terms of the treaty, territories lying east of a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands would belong to Portugal; the lands to the west of the meridian would belong to Spain.
		This imaginary vertical line, the Tordesilhas Line, intersected South America from the mouth of the Amazon River to Santa Catarina, ran from pole to pole, cut through the easternmost part of the South American continent, and constituted Brazil's first frontier.
		Thus, the Tordesilhas Line and Cabral's landing in eastern South America ensured the emergence of a Portuguese enclave in the Americas.
	international.loc.gov /intldl/brhtml/br-1/br-1-2.html (825 words)

	Colonial Brazil - Definition, explanation
		The discovery of Brazil was preceded by a series of treaties between the kings of Spain and Portugal, the last of them is the Treaty of Tordesilhas, signed in 1494, creating the Tordesilhas Meridian, that divided the world between that two kingdoms.
		The treaty of Tordesilhas was arguably the most decisive event in all Brazilian history, since it alone determined that the country was settled by Portugal instead of Spain.
		In the 16th century, the territory of Brazil was officially limited on the west side by the Tordesilhas meridian.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/c/co/colonial_brazil.php (1408 words)

	"Vista leste da cidade"
		With the Treaty of Tordesilhas, made between Portugal and Spain in 1494 (soon after the discover of the Americas by Christopher Columbus), Portugal would be the owners of all the lands discovered east of the meridian situated 370 leagues to the west of the Cabo Verde archipelago.
		The Treaty of Madrid intended to resolve the conflicts of land between Portugal and Spain.
		According to the Treaty, the Indians were to get off the land with their belongings and go to the other side of the Uruguay River.
	www.wcams.com.br /images_01_2002.htm (1629 words)

	Consulado-Geral do Brasil em Miami
		On 7th of June 1494, the Treaty of Tordesilhas was issued by Spain and Portuguese.
		The treaty safely secures the lands of those who possessed and it was equally divided the share of lands among each other.
		Due to the Treaty of Methuen with England, Portugal has lost its role as a European super-power: Portugal was prohibited to develop any industrial development and any other type of agriculture products.
	www.brazilmiami.org /port/cultaff_monografia_keiko.php (935 words)

	Search
		The Avalon Project : Treaty between Spain and Portugal concluded at...
		Treaty between Spain and Portugal concluded at Tordesillas; June 7, 1494...
		The Treaty of Tordesillas (Portuguese: Tratado de Tordesilhas, Spanish: Tratado de Tordesillas), signed at Tordesillas (now in Valladolid...
	search.mywebsearch.com /mywebsearch/redirect.jhtml?redirect=http%3a%2f%2fsearch.mywebsearch.com%3a80%2fmywebsearch%2fAJweb.jhtml&searchfor=Treaty+of+Tordesillas&ord=46&tpr=jrel3&action=click&p=AJweb&st=site&p=AJweb&qid=F070D06DB148E92066C08DF144D16485&cb=ZZ (213 words)

	Colonial Brazil - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The treaty of Tordesilhas was arguably the most decisive event in all Brazilian history, since it alone determined that the country was settled by Portugal instead of Spain.
		In 1530 there was a new expedition from Martim Afonso de Souza to patrol the entire coast, banish the French, and to create the first colonial towns: São Vicente at the coast, and São Paulo on the border of the altiplane.
		In the 16th century, the territory of Brazil was officially limited on the west side by the Tordesilhas meridian.
	www.music.us /education/C/Colonial-Brazil.htm (1125 words)

	Portugal revisits past glory in treaty \| Lifestyle \| Living \| Reuters
		However, it is a historical fact that the meridian determined by the treaty included Brazil as part of Portugal, whether Portugal already knew of its existence before this time is a matter of speculation.
		A coincidence or not, the treaty is still hailed as one of Portugal's highest historical achievements and enabled the small European country to secure control over the Latin American emerging superpower for more than 300 years.
		"The Treaty of Tordesilhas is the most symbolic geostrategic document in the world," said Silvestre Lacerda, the Director of the National Archive.
	www.reuters.com /article/lifestyleMolt/idUSL2517288620070725?pageNumber=2&sp=true (542 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Treaty of Tordesillas"
		This was about one third of the distance between the Cape Verde Islands and the islands discovered by Christopher Columbus on his first voyage, named in the treaty as Cipangu and Antilia (no doubt Cuba and Hispaniola).
		Ironically, the meridian defined in the Treaty of Tordesillas was only a little further west than that in Inter caetera.
		Besides Brazil and the Moluccas, Portugal would eventually control Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe in Africa; Goa and Daman and Diu in India; and East Timor and Macau in the Far East.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=treaty_of_%54ordesillas (820 words)

	500 Anos Tratado de Tordesillas (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Spain and Portugal on June7, 1494, fixed the criteria of partitioning the overseas lands discovered by Columbus and later by other navigators between the two countries.
		The papal ratification of this treaty, signed by Pope Julius Il, was to take place only in 1506, year of Columbus’ death.
		The Treaty of Tordesillas prevented a conflict between two Iberian nations and established the principle of free actions of conquest and exploration by those two countries over the reserved dominions.
	www.vivabrazil.com /500_anos_tratado_de_tordesillas.htm (685 words)

	[No title]
		Map coins were minted by different states to commemorate historical events which range from war, battles and revolution to peace treaties and the foundation of colonies and states.
		The 500th anniversary of the treaty of Tordesilhas (that divided the world into a Portuguese and a Spanish hemisphere) was vividly portrayed through those dividing meridians on three map coins of Portugal and on one coin of the Republic of Cape Verde in 1994.
		And it was 50 years after the ratification of the Protocol of Rio de Janeiro that Peru issued a detailed map coin of Peru and Ecuador in 1992 with the boundaries fixed by this protocol.
	www.geog.fu-berlin.de /de/Karto/Texte/muenzen/map10.shtml (448 words)

	"Tratado de Madri"
		The Madrid Treaty has terminated Tordesilhas, and has granted to the Portuguese Crown the formal right to the land that, in fact, has already been its.
		In 1737, thirteen years before the Treaty was signed, the Brigadier José da Silva Pais, returning from Colônia do Sacramento, founded the prison Jesus Maria José, the second Portuguese settlement in the south, that originated the city of Rio Grande.
		The Treaty was signed to end the Lusitanian-Spanish disputes on the American lands through the exchange of Colônia do Sacramento for the Missões that Portugal had founded, within the Spanish territory, I order to have a free navigation in Rio da Prata.
	www.terragaucha.com.br /tratado_de_madri_eng.htm (835 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		King Manuel was conscious of the grandeur of the age in which he lived and its effect on the monarchy which grew ever more powerful until the Treaty of Tordesilhas conferred half the world on him.
		All this led the King to begin the construction of a number of buildings which would embody his authority and endow it with an imperial, even messianic, character.
		Manuel had married Isabel, the daughter of "the Catholic Monarchs" of Spain (Ferdinand and Isabella), uniting the Iberian peninsula and making Manuel the heir to both the Spanish and Portuguese kingdoms bringing him world domination by reuniting that which the Treaty of Tordesilhas had divided.
	www.mosteirojeronimos.pt /english/web_mosteiro_jeronimos/html/hist_renascimento04.html (441 words)

	Ears and Conflicts of Brazil
		These were all on the Spanish side of the treaty border and might not be now part of Brazil had not there been this episode.
		Paraguay's provisional government and the ailies concluded a peace treaty (June 20, 1870), by which Argentina and Brazil received 55,000 square miles of Paraguayan territory.
		Although this treaty was voided in 1761, it was important because both Spain and Portugal abandoned the boundaries set by the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494).
	www.brazilbrazil.com /wars.html (5699 words)

	Brazilian Calendar - History
		As these riches dwindled, Portugal became increasingly obsessed with their land in the New World.
		Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesilhas.
		The 33 year old Pedro Álvares Cabral leaves Lisbon on an expedition to find a new path to the Orient.
	www.southamericanway.com /calendar/history.html (570 words)

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