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	Treaty of Utrecht - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the treaty, the French continued to be at war with Emperor Charles VI and with the Holy Roman Empire itself until 1714 with the Treaty of Rastatt and the Treaty of Baden.
		Thus, the Treaties of Utrecht were between Louis XIV of France and Philip V, on the one hand, and Queen Anne of Great Britain, the United Provinces, and the Duchy of Savoy on the other.
		In spite of some doubts of the legality of such measures, Philip V was to renounce the French throne for himself and his descendants, while various French princelings - notably Louis XIV's youngest grandson the Duc de Berri and his nephew the Duke of Orleans - renounced their claims to the Spanish throne.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht_(1713) (358 words)

	UTRECHT (TOWN) - LoveToKnow Article on UTRECHT (TOWN) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Utrecht is the seat of a university, and of a Roman Catholic archbishopric.
		The manor of Zuilen on the Vecht, four miles north-west of Utrecht, was partly held in fief from this abbey and partly from the bishops of Utrecht.
		UTRECHT, TREATY OF, the general name given to the important series of treaties which in 1713 and 1714 concluded the great European war of the Spanish Succession (q.v.), and by which inter alia England obtained possession of, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Gibraltar.
	1.1911encyclopedia.org /U/UT/UTRECHT_TOWN_.htm (2973 words)

	Utrecht (city) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Utrecht is a municipality and the capital city of the Dutch province of Utrecht.
		Utrecht is famous for the Dom Tower of Utrecht and the canal structure in the inner city.
		Utrecht University is the largest university of The Netherlands (26.787 students as of 2004).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Utrecht_(city) (1044 words)

	Treaty of Utrecht Renunciations to France and Spain Philip V Headship Royal House of France Bourbon Orléans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The phrasing used in the Treaty of Utrecht contrasted with the first conditions the allied powers sought to impose on France and Spain in the "Preliminaries" proposed at The Hague in 1709-1710, and represented an improvement in the terms.
		The marriage contract was included in the Treaty of the Pyrenees of 7 Nov 1659 (registered in the Parlement of Paris) and on 2 Jun 1660 Marie-Thérèse, in execution of her marriage contract, signed a solemn renunciation "to prevent the union of the two Crowns." [Doc 7.
		Renunciation of Infanta Maria Teresa 2 Jun 1660, annexed to the Treaty of the Pyrenees].
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/bourbon/france/success/sucprt2.htm (5152 words)

	Encyclopedia: Treaty of Utrecht (1713) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thus, the Treaties of Utrecht were between Louis XIV of France and Philip V of Spain, on the one hand, and Queen Anne of Great Britain, the United Provinces, and the Duchy of Savoy on the other.
		In spite of some doubts of the legality of such measures, Philip V was to renounce the French throne for himself and his descendants, while various French princelings - notably Louis XIV's youngest grandson the Duc de Berri and his nephew the Duc d'OrlÃ©ans - renounced their claims to the Spanish throne.
		The treaty settled the War of the Grand Alliance, which pitted France against the Grand Alliance of England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the United Provinces.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Treaty-of-Utrecht-(1713) (514 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Treaty of Versailles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Article 231 (additional info and facts about Article 231) of the Treaty (the 'war guilt' clause) held Germany solely responsible for all 'loss and damage' suffered by the Allies during the war and provided the basis for reparations ((usually plural) compensation exacted from a defeated nation by the victors).
		At the Treaty of Versailles it was difficult to decide on a common position, because each had been treated differently by Germany during the war.
		However, the reparations were a failure in retrospect as well from the view that Germany made money off the treaty, as she did not repay most of her foreign loans in the 20s and did not complete her indemnity payments.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tr/treaty_of_versailles.htm (1824 words)

	Utrecht, Netherlands
		The bishops (from 1559 archbishops) of Utrecht were powerful and influential prelates, and the town was famed from an early stage for its magnificent churches.
		Utrecht was the birthplace in 1459 of Adriaen Florisz, one of the most learned men of his time, tutor to Charles V and later Pope as Hadrian VI.
		In 1579 the Union of Utrecht, an alliance between the seven Protestant northern provinces of the Low Countries which paved the way for their separation from the southern provinces, was concluded here under the chairmanship of Count John of Nassau (Jan van Nassau) the Elder, brother of William the Silent.
	www.planetware.com /netherlands/utrecht-nl-ut-utr.htm (603 words)

	Treaties of Utrecht (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		France concluded treaties of peace at Utrecht with Britain, the Dutch republic, Prussia, Portugal, and Savoy.
		By the treaty with Britain (April 11), France recognized Queen Anne as the British sovereign and undertook to cease supporting James Edward, the son of the deposed king James II.
		On Aug. 13, 1713, the Spanish treaty with Savoy was concluded, ceding the former Spanish possession of Sicily to Victor Amadeus II as his share of the spoils of war.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/UtrechtTreaties/UtrechtTreaties.html (471 words)

	The Treaty of Utrecht
		The treaty was one of a series of treaties ending the European War of the Spanish Succession.
		The Treaty of Utrecht, also called the Peace of Utrecht, ended hostilities between Britain and France both in Europe and in America.
		Under the terms of the Treaty, France was stripped of two colonies important to the lucrative cod fishery - Acadia and Newfoundland.
	www.porttoulouse.com /html/the_treaty_of_utrecht.html (571 words)

	UTRECHT, TREATY OF - Online Information article about UTRECHT, TREATY OF
		The treaty between France and the United Provinces was mainly concerned with securing the barrier of fortresses.
		Other treaties were signed at Utrecht between Spain and the allies, Philip now concluding these as the recognized and lawful king of Spain.
		Baden, where, on the 7th of September 1714, the treaty of Baden, the last of the treaties included in the general peace of Utrecht, was signed.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TUM_VAN/UTRECHT_TREATY_OF.html (2078 words)

	The French Treaty Shore: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		By the Treaty of Paris (1763), France was allowed to resume fishing on the Treaty Shore, and was also granted the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon in compensation for the loss of Cape Breton.
		In the Treaty of Versailles (1783) between Britain and France, the boundaries of the Treaty Shore were changed to Cape St.
		In the Treaty of Versailles (1783) between Britain and France, the boundaries of the Treaty Shore were changed to Cape St. John and Cape Ray.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /exploration/french_shore.html (1169 words)

	Utrecht, Peace of
		By the treaty between England and France (Apr. 11, 1713), Louis XIV recognized the English succession as established in the house of Hanover and confirmed the renunciation of the claims to the French throne of Louis's grandson, Philip V of Spain.
		By a treaty with the Netherlands (Apr. 11, 1713) France agreed to surrender to Austria the Spanish Netherlands still in French hands; these were to be held in trust by the Netherlands until the conclusion of a treaty between the Netherlands and the Holy Roman emperor.
		The Treaty of Rastatt (Mar. 7, 1714) between Louis XIV and Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and the Treaty of Baden (Sept. 7, 1714), which completed the settlement, restored the right bank of the Rhine to the empire and confirmed Austria in possession of the formerly Spanish Netherlands, of Naples, and of Milan.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0850271.html (423 words)

	The Treaties of Utrecht
		To reach the goal of separating the crowns of France and Spain, the treaties required Felipe V to relinquish all claims to the French throne, and the remaining French princes to relinquish all claims to the Spanish throne.
		Spain acceded to the terms of the treaty by the treaty of the Hague, Feb 17, 1720.
		Treaty between Great Britain, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire, confirming the treaties of the Quadruple Alliance and the Treaty of Vienna of 1725.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/utrecht.htm (1146 words)

	Treaty of Utrecht: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		They lost their foothold in Italy, and accepted - as did the Spanish - that the crowns of the two countries would never be united.
		In addition, by article 13 of the treaty, France recognised that the island of Newfoundland was a British possession, though retaining the right to fish on a part of the coast which became known as the "French Shore".
		France surrendered the fort at Plaisance, and the French settlers moved to Cape Breton, renamed Île Royale.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /exploration/utrecht.html (243 words)

	Gibraltar Action Group - The extinction of the Treaty of Utrecht (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These were intended to show the invalidity of the Treaty of Utrecht and consequently deny the British sovereignty of Gibraltar.
		Today they serve to prove that the Treaty of Utrecht cannot be used as a legal document to deprive Gibraltarians of the right to exercise self-determination.
		The fact that the United Kingdom and Spain are now suggesting the abrogation of the Treaty of Utrecht is further proof of the irrelevance of the treaty in respect of the our right to self-determination.
	home.freeuk.net /gibraltar/articles/utrechtdead.htm (648 words)

	Utrecht -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Utrecht provincie lies between the provincies of Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland (west) and Gelderland (east).
		The Duke of Marlborough led the English, Dutch, and Germans to brilliant victories, and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) gave...
		The Treaty of Utrecht (1713), which ended the War of the Spanish Succession, established the Austrian Hapsburgs in the place of the Spanish as Italy's dominant power.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9074567 (668 words)

	TREATY OF UTRECHT, SECTION XV, 1713
		The Treaty of Utrecht also gave European nations license to forcibly remove Black people from Africa and bring them to the Americas as slaves.
		Section XIV of the treaty deals with the rights of French subjects to stay within the ceded colonies and to practise their religion freely, subject to the discriminatory religious laws of Great Britain.
		The Mi'kmaq responded in no uncertain terms that they did not come under the Treaty of Utrecht, would not recognize a foreign king in their country, and would not recognize him as having dominion over their land.
	www.danielnpaul.com /TreatyOfUtrecht-1713.html (1061 words)

	Treaty of Utrecht Renunciations to France and Spain Philip V Headship Royal House of France Bourbon Orléans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This essay examines the issues surrounding the treaties of Utrecht and the renunciations to the thrones of France and Spain in the context of European history between 1700 and 1847, when their validity remained a vital issue in international affairs.
		The potential validity of the reciprocal renunciations to the French and Spanish thrones demanded by Britain, and annexed to the Utrecht Treaties, was disputed by Louis XIV’s Foreign Minister and Chancellor even before they were signed, and their legality challenged by the senior Peers of the French Parlement charged with registering the relevant acts.
		Their subsequent breach by the intermarriage of French and Spanish dynasts, whose ancestors' renunciations would have excluded their descendants, is evidence that the total exclusion of members of each line from the throne of the other was never intended.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/bourbon/france/success/sucprt1.htm (1796 words)

	Letters
		The very first proviso in the Treaty stipulate that the property of Gibraltar “is yielded to the Crown of Great Britain with all manner of right for ever without any exception or impediment whatsoever”.
		The Treaty of Utrecht is not worth the paper it is written on.
		The Treaty of Utrecht did not specify the administrative arrangements that might exist for Gibraltar other than sovereignty must be British, or in the event of loss of interest by Britain, must be offered to Spain before all others.
	www.panorama.gi /archive/010409/letters.htm (863 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Documents: Paristreaty 1763
		And securities shall be reciprocally given for the payment of the debts which the prisoners shall have contracted in the countries where they have been detained until their entire liberty.
		The solemn ratifications of the present treaty, expedited in good and due form, shall be exchanged in this city of Paris, between the high contracting parties, in the space of a month, or sooner if possible, to be computed from the day of the signature of the present treaty.
		The English version of the Treaty of 1763 is taken from the Collection of Treaties compiled by the Hon.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/D/1751-1775/7yearswar/paris.htm (1347 words)

	Treaty of Utrecht, 1713 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the most serene and most potent Princess Anne, by the grace of God, Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland, and the most serene and most potent Prince Lewis XIV, the most Christian King, concluded at Utrecht the 31/11 day of March/April 1713.
		Nor shall the most Christian King, his heirs and successors, or any of their subjects, at any time hereafter, lay claim to any right of the said island and islands, or to any part of it, or them.
		But those who are willing to remain there, and to be subject to the kingdom of Great Britain, are to enjoy the free exercise of their religion, according to the usage of the church of Rome, as far as the laws of Great Britain do allow the same.
	www.geocities.com /Yosemite/Rapids/3330/constitution/utrecht.htm (231 words)

	Glossary, Chapter 3
		Obtained by Britain from Spain by the Treaty of Utrecht, the Asiento was a trading pact allowing the English to sell 4800 slaves annually in New Spain.
		The key watchword of the Enlightenment was rationalism, meaning a firm trust in the ability of the human mind to solve earthly problems and much less faith in the centrality of God as an active, fundamental force in the universe.
		The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) ended the War of the Spanish Succession, known in the American colonies as Queen Anne's War.
	occawlonline.pearsoned.com /bookbind/pubbooks/martin_awl/medialib/glossary/gloss_03.html (475 words)

	Gibraltar on the Rocks by Thomas D. Grant - Policy Review, No. 116 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Treaty of Utrecht is an instrument on which, ironically enough, Spain in some part bases its claim to Gibraltar.
		The essential support for withdrawal from the abm Treaty resides in the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus — namely, that a treaty looses its binding force if the circumstances at its point of origin have changed in ways fundamental to the object and purpose of the treaty.
		To accept Spain’s view that the Treaty of Utrecht is good law, and to reject Gibraltar’s that it is manifestly bad law, is to cast aside rebus sic stantibus almost violently.
	www.policyreview.org /dec02/grant.html (4000 words)

	French and Indian War
		The Treaty of Utrecht ceded it to England without defining its bounds, and thus planted the seeds of future quarrels.
		The English claimed it on two grounds, both of which were as shadowy as the claims of the French: first, the early charters of Virginia and of other colonies (based on the Cabot discoveries) which covered the unknown regions westward to the equally unknown "South Sea"; and second, the claims of the Iroquois.
		The Iroquois had been acknowledged British subjects by the Treaty of Utrecht, and their lands were therefore British territory, and their conquests were considered British conquests.
	usahistory.info /French-Indian-War (1195 words)

	Treaty of Utrecht - A Modern Interpretation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is confirmed in the Treaty of Versailles 1783.
		This part of the Treaty is superceded by UN and EU legislation and Directives on Free Movement, but is still used by Spain as an excuse (among many other equally invalid excuses) to hold up traffic and trade at the frontier.
		We are seeking a UN ruling on this matter, as most of this Treaty is superceded by subsequent treaties and international law.
	home.freeuk.net /gibraltar/docs/utrecht.html (662 words)

	The Renunciations of 1713
		Here too, Maria-Teresa renounced her rights by the treaty of the Pyrenees, although the renunciations were conditional on a dowry which Spain never paid, and considered by many to be invalid.
		As peace negotiations began in 1712 in Utrecht, it soon appeared that Britain was prepared to let Felipe V keep the Spanish throne, provided he part with some portions of the Spanish empire, and that provisions were made to prevent the union of the Spanish and French crowns.
		The texts of the renunciations and Louis XIV's letters patent were inserted in the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/utrecht-a.htm (1318 words)

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