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Topic: Treaty of Verdun

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Louis the German

Louis the Pious

Charles the Bald

Treaty of Mersen

Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor

Lothair, King of Lotharingia

Holy Roman Empire

Oath of Strasbourg

German Reich

843

Charles II of France

Frankish Empire

Zwentibold

Frankish realm

	Verdun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Verdun (German (old): Wirten, official name before 1970 Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city and commune in the Lorraine région, northeast France, in the Meuse département, of which it is a sous-préfecture.
		Verdun became part of the middle kingdom Lotharingia, and later of the Holy Roman Empire, in which it was an Imperial Free City.
		Consequently, Verdun was utterly unprepared for the initial bombardment on the morning of 21 February 1916.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Verdun (815 words)

	Cossee \| Verdun 2000, verdun
		Verdun was evangelized by Saint-Saintin during the fourth century.
		The uniting of Verdun with France was officialized in 1648 by the treaty of Wesphalia.
		Verdun was liberated on October 14th by General Kellerman and his troups after their victory in Valmy.
	home.planet.nl /~cosse001/eng/verdun.html (486 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Verdun
		Suppressed by the Concordat of 1802, and subsequently united to the Diocese of Nancy, Verdun was re-established by the Bull of 27 July, 1817, and by the Royal Decree of 31 October, 1822.
		Peter became Bishop of Verdun in 781, named to that office by Adrian I at the request of Charlemagne; shortly afterwards he was accused of conspiring against the emperor but was cleared of the accusation at the Synod of Frankfort (794).
		The Treaty of Verdun signed in 843 by the three Kings, Lothaire, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German, definitively confirmed the division of Charlemagne's empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15350c.htm (1610 words)

	The Avalon Project : Treaty at Aix Between Louis II and Charles the Bald Concerning the Division of the Kingdom of ...
		The Avalon Project : Treaty at Aix Between Louis II and Charles the Bald Concerning the Division of the Kingdom of Lothar II A.D. The Avalon Project
		A treaty, entered into in 870, regarding the subdivision of the central one of the three kingdoms founded by the treaty of Verdun.
		It was preliminary to the treaty of Mersen.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/medieval/aix.htm (328 words)

	Verdun, Lorraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Verdun (city.net), located very strategically at the mouth of the Meuse and near the Northern French border, has been caught up in many wars over the centuries.
		Verdun, the Roman Virodunum, was a seat of a bishop already in the 3rd century.
		In 843 the famous Treaty of Verdun was signed here, in which the grandsons of Charlemagne divided up his empire into the present day Germany, France and Lorraine.
	www.centralia.ctc.edu /~vfreund/FrenchResources/Frenchslides/AlsaceLorraine/Verdun.html (171 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Lateran Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Lateran Treaty, common designation for three agreements made in 1929 between the kingdom of Italy and the papacy.
		The treaty settled the question of the problematic relationship between...
		In 1929, by the provisions of the Lateran Treaty, Vatican City was recognized as a sovereign state.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Lateran_Treaty.html (108 words)

	Treaty of Verdun -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		(August 843), treaty partitioning the Carolingian empire among the three surviving sons of the emperor Louis I the Pious.
		The treaty was the first stage in the dissolution of the empire of Charlemagne and foreshadowed the formation of the modern countries of western Europe.
		The division of the Frankish empire between Charlemagne's grandsons in the Treaty of Verdun (843) was the starting point of the kingdoms and nations of France and Germany.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9075086?tocId=9075086 (841 words)

	Verdun, Treaty of. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		It was concluded in 843 at Verdun on the Meuse or, possibly, Verdun-sur-le-Doubs, Soâne-et-Loire dept., E France.
		Louis the German received the eastern portion (later Germany); Charles II (Charles the Bald) became king of the western portion (later France); Lothair I received the central portion (Low Countries, Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence, and most of Italy) and also kept the imperial title.
		The Treaty of Verdun represented the beginning of dissolution of Charlemagne’s empire into political units that foreshadowed the nations of Western Europe.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ve/Verdun-T.html (162 words)

	AllRefer.com - Alsace : History, France (French Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		The Treaty of Verdun (843; see Verdun, Treaty of) included it in Lotharingia; the Treaty of Mersen (870) put it in the kingdom of the East Franks (later Germany).
		The Treaty of Westphalia (1648) transferred all Hapsburg lands in Alsace to France.
		Lower Alsace was conquered (1680–97) by Louis XIV of France; the Treaty of Ryswick (1697) confirmed French possession.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Alsace-history.html (477 words)

	Lateran Treaty: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		The Holy See announced in the treaty that it had its proper liberty, that the Roman Question was closed, and that it recognized the kingdom of Italy under the house of Savoy.
		...Vatican City as determined by the Lateran Treaty, February 11, 1929, the Pope...of civil status granted by the Lateran treaty to leave the boundaries of Vatican...which, under the terms of the Lateran treaty, are treated as an extension of...
		The Lateran Treaty of 1929 settled one problem: as sovereign of Vatican City State (all 108.7 acres of it), the pope was not subject...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/lateran_treaty.jsp (1540 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Treaty Ports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Treaty Ports, Asian cities opened to foreign trade and residence by treaty beginning in the mid-1800s.
		The privatization of three state oil companies was announced in June 1995, the sales taking place within two to five years.
		By the terms of the treaties, Prussia was forced to cede all its territory west of the Elbe to Napoleon, who used it to create the kingdom of...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Treaty_Ports.html (106 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Ryswick Treaty of
		Ryswick, Treaty of, pact signed on September 20, 1697, at Ryswick, a Dutch village on the outskirts of The Hague.
		In the 1680s New France was again at war with the Iroquois, partly over control of the fur trade but also as an offshoot of war between France and...
		During the 1600s pirates operated from hideouts on the northern coast of Haiti and the island of Tortuga.
	encarta.msn.com /Ryswick_Treaty_of.html (132 words)

	AllRefer.com - Verdun, Treaty of (Treaties And Alliances) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Verdun, Treaty of, the partition of Charlemagne's empire among three sons of Louis I, emperor of the West.
		It was concluded in 843 at Verdun on the Meuse or, possibly, Verdun-sur-le-Doubs, SoAne-et-Loire dept., E France.
		It was superseded in 870 by the Treaty of Mersen.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/V/Verdun-T.html (239 words)

	Alsace (Traditional province, France)
		The division in Upper- and Lower-Alsace, initially known as the counties of Sundgau and Nordgau, respectively, was probably based on the Roman dioceses of Basle and Strasbourg.
		In 843, the treaty of Verdun divided the Carolingian Empire among the three sons of Louis le Pieux (778-840), Charlemagne's son and successor.
		In 1648, by the treaty of Munster, the Emperor ceded both Landgravates of Lower- and Upper Alsace to France, as well as the ten Imperial cities (Haguenau, Landau [later ceded to Bavarian Palatinate in 1815], Wissembourg, Rosheim, Obernai, Sélestat, Kaysersberg, Turckheim, Colmar and Munster) which had constituted the rich Decapole in 1354.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/fr-al.html (1582 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Jay's Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Jay's Treaty, treaty negotiated in 1794 to resolve differences between the United States and Great Britain that were still outstanding after the...
		One of the most active of the Founding Fathers and author with James Madison and Alexander Hamilton of The Federalist, John Jay served as President...
		In 1781 Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay were appointed to conclude a treaty of peace with Great Britain.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Jay's_Treaty.html (115 words)

	Dr. Vess's World Civilization Virtual Library
		Be able to trace the rise of the Franks beginning with Clovis and ending with the Treaty of Verdun.
		Be able to discuss the anointing of Pepin, his bargain with the Papacy and the theory of monarchy suggested by these acts.
		Be able to discuss the reasons why the Franks were never able to maintain a stable empire culminating with the division of Charlemagne's empire in the Treaty of Verdun.
	www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu /~dvess/franks.htm (511 words)

	Lorraine (Traditional province, France)
		By the treaty of Mersen, his kingdom was divided between his uncles, Charles le Chauve and Louis le Germanique.
		In 1431, the Duchy of Lorraine, except the Three Bishoprics (Metz, Toul and Verdun) was ceded to the house of Anjou.
		This area was reincorporated to France in 1919 by the treaty of Versailles.
	flagspot.net /flags/fr-lo.html (2888 words)

	Mersen, Treaty of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Mersen, Treaty of, 870, redivision of the Carolingian empire by the sons of
		France obtained the territories roughly corresponding to the modern Netherlands, Belgium, and Lorraine and Germany received Alsace and the left bank of the Lower Rhine.
		Verdun, Treaty of - Verdun, Treaty of, the partition of Charlemagne's empire among three sons of Louis I, emperor of...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0832817.html (209 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lorraine
		By the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the empire of Charlemagne was divided in three parts: Ludwig the German received Eastern Franconia; Charles the Bald, Western Franconia; and Lothair I, the strip of land lying between the two and reaching from the North Sea to the Rhone, with Italy in addition.
		The southern part, Upper Lorraine, or the Land of the Moselle, extended to the south-east of the Vosges and to the Sichelberg, with the Archbishopric of Trier and the Bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun.
		By the Peace of Westphalia, in 1648, Metz, Toul, and Verdun were formally ceded to France, which had re-occupied the Duchy of Lorraine in 1632, and by the Treaty of 1661 territory was ceded to Louis XIV, which thus secured to him a passage across Lorraine to Alsace.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09362a.htm (2421 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Treaty, in international law, written agreement concluded by two or more sovereign nations or by a nation and an international organization, such as...
		Released in 1980, this Polish film begins with a civil wedding to humor the government,...
		Map of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (map of member countries)
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Treaty.html (119 words)

	History of the Goeree-Overflakkee area
		In the Treaty of Verdun (France, 843) the Empire of Charlemagne (742-Aachen 814) was divided into three parts, each part ruled by one of his grandchildren, sons of Louis I (778-840).
		When Philip II of Spain (1556-1598) repressed the Protestants and wanted to extract huge taxes to pay for wars he was waging elsewhere, the Low Countries revolted (1568).
		But, on Januari 23, 1579, with the Union (Treaty) of Utrecht the seven northerly counties/provinces** united against Spain, and by the Union of Atrecht (= Arras, France), on Januari 6, 1579, the 10 southerly united with Spain, under the leadership of the Duke of Parma.
	www.geocities.com /leoaker/history.html (675 words)

	French Battlefields :: Battlefields of France :: Verdun, Maginot Line, Normandy
		Verdun is a city of walls wrapped within a castle enclosed within fortifications, to paraphrase the "mystery wrapped inside an enigma...".
		Verdun was also a focal point of more than one major war.
		Verdun, the city that is of ramparts, underground citadelles, battlefield cemeteries now calls itself "Cite pour la Paix", or, in English, City for Peace.
	www.peachmountain.com /narayan/NS_Battlefields.asp (13067 words)

	Verdun, Treaty of on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		VERDUN, TREATY OF [Verdun, Treaty of] the partition of Charlemagne's empire among three sons of Louis I, emperor of the West.
		UPI News Update, White House likely to nix ABM treaty.
		Sweep around your own front door: examining the argument for legislative African American reparations.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/V/Verdun-T1.asp (296 words)

	Caledonia: A Light in the North
		Despite the Treaty of Verdun, the heirs of Charlemagne continue to fight among themselves while simultaneously trying to fend off Vikings, Saracens, and Slavs.
		The Kingdom of the West Franks is ruled by Charles the Bald, youngest son of Louis the Pious.
		Emperor Louis II directly rules the kingdom of Italy, which he inherited from his father Lothar I, though large portions of the kingdom are under the control of Pope John VIII, based on lands granted to the papacy by Charlemagne and Louis the Pious.
	smartin.bol.ucla.edu /caledonia/europe.html (1668 words)

	Ancestors of Eugene Ashton ANDREW & Anna Louise HANISH Emperor Lothaire I Italy King HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE ANDREW ...
		This treaty was but a family compact for the division of the Frankish domains: like all previous partitions of the kind, it was drawn without any regard for linguistic differences or natural boundaries.
		The Treaty of Verdun (Aug 843) left Lothair the Middle Realm of the Frankish dominions from the North Sea to Italy, while Louis received the eastern and Charles the western territory.
		Renewing their alliance in 842 (Oath of Strasbourg), Charles and Louis the German forced (843) Lothair to sign the fateful Treaty of Verdun, which partitioned the empire of Charlemagne among the three brothers; Lothair retained the imperial title.
	www.geneal.net /1538.htm (907 words)

	Germany - The Carolingian Dynasty, 752-911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The Treaty of Verdun (843) restored peace and divided the empire among three sons, geographically and politically delineating the approximate future territories of Germany, France, and the area between them, known as the Middle Kingdom (see fig.
		Because of these linguistic differences, the Treaty of Verdun had to be written in two languages.
		Not only had Charlemagne's empire been divided into three kingdoms, but the East Frankish Kingdom was being weakened by the rise of regional duchies, the so-called stem duchies of Franconia, Saxony, Bavaria, Swabia, and Lorraine, which acquired the trappings of petty kingdoms.
	countrystudies.us /germany/6.htm (416 words)

	World History 800- 900 AD
		- Under the Treaty of Verdun, the Carolingian Kingdom of the Franks was divided into three parts.
		Louis II ruled the Frankish Kingdom east of the Rhine.
		As a result of this battle, the Treaty of Wedmore was signed between Arthur and the Danes.
	www.multied.com /dates/800ad.html (502 words)

	History of Alsace and Lorraine
		843 After the Treaty of Verdun, Charlemagne's properties were split: the area now known as France went to Charles the Bold, the Rhine territory went to Louis the German; the "Middle Kingdom" including Alsace and Lorraine went to the Emperor Lothaire
		1469 After the Treaty of St. Omer, Upper Alsace went to Charles of Burgundy (ruler of Netherlands and Burgundy), Charles was a French, but became the "landlord," taxes went to the German Emperor of Lower Alsace (Note: upper and lower refer to terrain as it descends to sea level, thus lower refers to the north)
		1473 After the Treaty of Nancy, Charles of Burgundy became the "protector" of Lorraine, aligned with France; the Bishops of Toul, Metz and Verdun were ecclesiastical princes of the Holy Roman Empire
	feefhs.org /FRL/fr/sc-alhis.html (862 words)

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