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	Treaty of Wehlau - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of Wehlau (German: Vertrag von Wehlau; Polish: Traktat Welawski) was a treaty signed in the eastern Prussian town of Wehlau (Welawa, now Znamensk, Kaliningrad Oblast) between Poland and Brandenburg-Prussia during the Swedish Deluge on September 19, 1657.
		Johann von Hoverbeck was one of the German diplomats during negotiations of the Treaty of Wehlau.
		The treaty was amended by the Treaty of Bydgoszcz of November 6, 1657 and confirmed by the Treaty of Oliva in 1660.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Wehlau (306 words)

	Brandenburg-Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Taking advantage of the difficult position of Poland against Sweden later during the Northern Wars, George William's successor Frederick William managed to obtain a discharge of his vassal obligations to king Ladislaus IV of Poland.
		By the Treaty of Wehlau in 1657 the duchy was granted full sovereignty, however the rights of the Polish Crown meant that it would still legally revert back if the Hohenzollern dynastic line became extinct.
		The location of the Duchy of Prussia outside the Holy Roman Empire allowed Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg to become "king in Prussia" in 1701 without offending the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia (328 words)

	House laws of Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ducal Prussia held as a fief of Poland until the treaty of Wehlau (19 Sep 1657).
		Elector Friedrich III assumed the title of "king in Prussia", assured to him by the treaty of 16 Nov 1700 with the Emperor, on 15 Jan 1701, and was crowned as king Friedrich I on 18 Jan 1701 in Koenigsberg.
		After the first partition of Poland (treaty of 18 Sept. 1773) which gave Frederic the Great "royal Prussia" (the part of Prussia hitherto in the kingdom of Poland), his title was changed from "king in Prussia" to "king of Prussia".
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/HGPreussen.htm (136 words)

	Wehlau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the Treaty of Wehlau signed in the town in 1657, the margrave of Brandenburg received sovereignty over Ducal Prussia.
		In 1818 it became the seat of Landkreis Wehlau in East Prussia within the Kingdom of Prussia.
		In early 1945 the town was overrun by the Soviet Red Army.
	www.savage-comedy.com /_Wehlau (220 words)

	ooBdoo
		Despite its overwhelmingly German character, Prussia's annexations of Polish territory in the Partitions of Poland brought a large Polish population that resisted the German government and in several areas constituted the majority of the population (i.e.
		As a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, the Second Polish Republic received a large portion of the these areas, some of which had significant German minorities.
		In 1807 by the Treaties of Tilsit, the state lost about half of its area, in particular the areas gained from the second and third Partitions of Poland, which now fell to the Duchy of Warsaw.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/index.php?title=Prussia (4652 words)

	Treaty of Wehlau - Historic Event - German Archive: The Treaty of Wehlau (German: Vertrag von Wehlau) was a treaty ...
		Treaty of Wehlau - Historic Event - German Archive: The Treaty of Wehlau (German: Vertrag von Wehlau) was a treaty signed in the eastern Prussian town of Wehlau (Welawa, now Znamensk, Kaliningrad Oblast) between Poland and Brandenburg-Prussia during the Swedish Deluge on September 19, 1657.
		The Treaty of Wehlau (German: Vertrag von Wehlau) was a treaty signed in the eastern Prussian town of Wehlau (Welawa, now Znamensk, Kaliningrad Oblast) between Poland and Brandenburg-Prussia during the Swedish Deluge on September 19, 1657.
		In his capacity as Duke of Prussia, Margrave Frederick William, the 'Great Elector' of Brandenburg, had revoked his oath of loyalty to his sovereign King John II Casimir of Poland in 1656 and allied against him with King Charles X Gustav of Sweden, whom Frederick William recognized as sovereign over Prussia.
	germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=572&... (340 words)

	East Prussia - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Its end at the Second Treaty of Thorn in 1466 left western Prussia under Polish control as the province "Royal Prussia" and eastern Prussia remaining under the knights, but as a Polish fief.
		This remaining eastern Prussia was lost to the Order in 1525 when Grand Master Albert Hohenzollern secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order, establishing himself as the Duke of Prussia as a vassal of the Polish crown.
		The elector-dukes freed themselves of their Polish vassaldom in the Treaty of Wehlau in 1660.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/East_Prussia (1152 words)

	::Charles X::
		The Treaty of Roskilde of 1658, gave Sweden Skana, Halland, the Isle of Bornholm and returned to Sweden Swedish territories of Trondheim and Bohuslan.
		In the Treaty of Copenhagen (1660), Denmark recovered Trondheim and Bornholm and Sweden agreed to end her belief that the Sound should be closed to all foreign warships.
		In the Treaty of Kardis (1661), there was an agreement that Russia had not gained nor should gain any foothold on the Baltic coast.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /charles_x.htm (947 words)

	East Prussia jerak.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Through the Treaties of Treaty of Wehlau, Treaty of Labiau, and Treaty of Oliva, Elector and Duke Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg succeeded in revoking Polish sovereignty over the Duchy of Prussia, leaving the Holy Roman Emperor as his only liege.
		With the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany in 1918, Germany became a Weimar Republic.
		During the Interwar period, East Prussia and parts of West Prussia were exclave s of Germany, created as a result of the Treaty of Versailles when parts of West Prussia and the former Prussian Province of Posen were ceded to Poland to create the Polish Corridor and the Free City of Danzig.
	www.jerak.org /en/East+Prussia (1990 words)

	ducal prussia - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The second Treaty of Thorn (1466) had left eastern Prussia as a fief of the Polish crown.
		In 1660, after the Second Northern War between Sweden, Poland and Brandenburg, the Treaty of Welawa (Wehlau) granted full sovereignty to Frederick William I, the "Great Elector", of the Brandenburg Hohenzollerns as "Duke of Prussia".
		Thus Ducal Prussia lost its status as a Polish fief and became a part of Brandenburg-Prussia, but not part of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/ducal-prussia (319 words)

	Treaty of Wedmore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Treaty of Wedmore was an event referred to by the monk Asser in his Life of Alfred, outlining how in 878 the Viking leader Guthrum was baptised and accepted Alfred as his adoptive father.
		There was clearly an important element here of Alfred exercising his dominance; however, the source material provides no hint as to the wider implications of this in terms of territory or otherwise.
		This led to a "Treaty of Wedmore" as a defining point in Anglo-Saxon history, as suggested by the map.
	en.orangehedgehog.com /content/Treaty_of_Wedmore (460 words)

	Freefire Zone Forums - A Victory That is Not a Victory
		The Danes first signed a treaty with the Swedes in February of 1658 but the Swedes tried to seize Copenhagen before the treaty was ratified by the Danish Rigsdag, provoking English and Dutch naval intervention to save Copenhagen (because of the disruption to the vital Baltic grain trade).
		Sweden signed the Treaty of Oliwa with the Commonwealth in May 1660, ending the Swedish phase of the war by which Sweden renounced all conquests in the Commonwealth since 1655.
		An ominous outcome of the Treaty of Oliwa was the Treaty of Wehlau/Welawa, by which the Commonwealth relinquished its feudal rights in Prussia, effectively setting Prussia and its brilliant leader Friedrich Wilhelm independent.
	www.freefirezone.net /showthread.php?t=5178 (3713 words)

	LITUANUS. Vol. 38, No. 1 - Spring 1992
		The Treaty of Christburg in 1249 was concluded by the Order with three Old Prussian tribes, who conceded their defeat, agreed to be baptized and promised to fight with the Order against the remaining Old Prussian tribes.
		The Conference of Oliva, consisting of Poland, Lithuania, Sweden, Brandenburg-Prussia and Denmark confirmed the decisions of the Treaty of Wehlau in 1660.
		Article 99 of the treaty, however, required that "Germany renounces in favour of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers all rights and title over"16 the northeasternmost section of East Prussia, called the Klaipėda Territory (Klaipėdos kraštas) in Lithuanian and Memelland in German.
	www.lituanus.org /1992_1/92_1_02.htm (13726 words)

	Prussia (province) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1492 a life of Dorothea of Montau, published in Marienburg/Prussia, became the first printed publication in Prussia.
		The second Treaty of Thorn had left eastern Prussia as a fief of the Polish crown (Jagiellon dynasty) In 1660, after the Northern Wars between Sweden, Poland and Brandenburg, the Treaty of Welawa (Wehlau) granted full sovereignty to Frederick William I, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg, as Duke of Prussia.
		The treaty also prescribed that when the Hohenzollern ruling expires, the land would revert to the Polish crown.
	www.publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/p/pr/prussia__province_.html (180 words)

	Prussia info here at en.34of100e.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As a result of the Treaty of VersaiIles in 1919, the Second PoIish Republic received a Iarge portion of the these areas, some of which had significant German minorities.
		In 1807 by the Treaties of TiIsit, the state Iost about haIf of its area, in particuIar the areas gained from the second and third Partitions of PoIand, which now feIl to the Duchy of Warsaw.
		However, the existence of these treaties was kept secret untiI Bismarck made them public in 1867, when France tried to acquire Iuxemburg.
	en.34of100e.info /Prussia (4645 words)

	Northeast Prussia
		In the Treaty of Christburg the Pomesan, Ermland and Natangian Pruzzi recognise the dominance of the Order and pledge to convert to Christianity.
		Polish sovereignty over Prussia expires with the Treaty of Wehlau.
		Treaty of Versailles: East Prussia is separated from the empire by the “Polish Corridor”.
	www.euronet.nl /~jlemmens/prussia.html (1040 words)

	All articles - Dic.blogopt.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
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	dic.blogopt.com /Special:Allpages/Treasure_County (175 words)

	History and Biography of Charles X Gustavus
		The treaty of Altrack is renewed to Sweden's disadvantage
		Lithuania becomes a part of Sweden, the Union of Lublin is broken
		Invades when Denmark delays implementing the terms of the Treaty of Roeskilde
	www.badley.info /history/Charles-X-Gustavus-Sweden.biog.html (396 words)

	Ducal Prussia
		Thus Ducal Prussia lost its status as a Polish fief and became a part of Brandenburg-Prussia.
		The treaty also prescribed that in case the Hohenzollern dukes of Prussia died out, the land would go to the kingdom of Poland.
		After World War II southern part of East Prussia returned to Poland and the northern part overtaken by Soviet Union, most of its ethnic German population gone.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/d/du/ducal_prussia.html (318 words)

	The Definitive Guide to Ducal Prussia XXXX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Many of the Prussian Junkers (from so called "querulants" or "polonophile" party both Polish and German) were opposed to rule by the Hohenzollerns in Berlin and appealed to King Sigismund III Vasa of Poland for redress, or even incorporation of Ducal Prussia into Polish kingdom, although without success.
		In 1657 during the Second Northern War between Sweden, Poland, and Brandenburg, the Treaty of Wehlau granted full sovereignty over Ducal Prussia to Elector Frederick William.
		The duchy lost its status as a fief of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and instead became part of Brandenburg-Prussia.
	www.applemacpro.com /s/Ducal_Prussia (1149 words)

	Prussia: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		King Frederick William III (1797-1840) and his family were forced to flee temporarily to Memel.
		A misjudgment of the conflict with Serbia by the Emperor, who left for holiday, and hasty mobilisation plans of several nations led to the disaster of World War I.
		German control of these territories only lasted for a few months, however, as the German revolution occured.
	winelib.com /wiki/Prussia (4246 words)

	Kaliningrad Oblast - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Warfare between the Order and the Grand Duchy continued for several centuries (with some interruptions), and many battles took place in this area.
		The Second Treaty of Thorn in 1466 left western Prussia under Polish control under the name of "Royal Prussia", while the Knights retained control of eastern Prussia under the sovereignty of Poland.
		In 1525 following another war with Poland, the Order's Grand Master secularised the Prussian branch of the increasingly archaic Teutonic Order and established himself as the Duke of Prussia and as a vassal of the Polish crown.
	dictionpedia.com /en/Kaliningrad_Oblast (1876 words)

	History
		7.2.1249 - The Prussi sign a peace treaty with the Teutonic Knights and end their heathen ways and their identity as a separate people.
		The Treaty of Oliva in the year 1660 (between Sweden and Poland) acknowledges the independence of Prussia as provided by the Treaty of Wehlau made in the year 1657.
		A 50 kilometer wide zone is created to give Poland access to the sea that runs from the border near Thorn along the Vistula River basin to the rivers mouth just east of Danzig.
	home.arcor.de /hanspettelkau/pett/history.htm (4182 words)

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