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Topic: Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe

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	Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty (CFE)
		Conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty shall be deemed to be reduced upon execution of the procedures set forth in the Protocols listed in paragraph 1 of this Article and upon notification as required by these Protocols.
		Conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty to be reduced shall have been declared present within the area of application in the exchange of information at signature of this Treaty.
		Conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty located within designated permanent storage sites shall be counted as conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty not in active units, including when they are temporarily removed in accordance with paragraphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 of this Article.
	www.state.gov /t/ac/trt/4781.htm (11325 words)

	An electronic publication of the MULTILATERALS PROJECT
		Conventional armaments and equipment placed on static display or in museums prior to the signature of the Treaty shall not be subject to any numerical limitations set forth in the Treaty, including the numerical limitations set forth in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Section.
		Conventional armaments and equipment in use as ground targets prior to the signature of the Treaty shall not be subject to any numerical limitations set forth in Articles IV, V or VI of the Treaty, or to the numerical limitations set forth in paragraph 2 of this Section.
		Conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty in use for ground instructional purposes prior to the signature of the Treaty shall not be subject to any numerical limitations set forth in Article IV, V or VI of the Treaty, or the numerical limitations set forth in paragraph 2 of this Section.
	lawofwar.org /Treaty_Conventional_Forces_Europe.htm (9298 words)

	[No title]
		Conventional armaments and equipment placed on static display or in museums prior to the signature of the Treaty shall not be subject to any numerical limitations set forth in the Treaty, including the numerical limitations set forth in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Section.
		Conventional armaments and equipment in use as ground targets prior to the signature of the Treaty shall not be subject to any numerical limitations set forth in Articles IV, V or VI of the Treaty, or to the numerical limitations set forth in paragraph 2 of this Section.
		Conventional armaments and equipment limited by the Treaty in use for ground instructional purposes prior to the signature of the Treaty shall not be subject to any numerical limitations set forth in Article IV, V or VI of the Treaty, or the numerical limitations set forth in paragraph 2 of this Section.
	fletcher.tufts.edu /multi/texts/bh980.txt (9362 words)

	CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS
		For the purposes of this Document and the Treaty, the territory of the Odessa oblast, as constituted on 1 January 1996, of Ukraine shall be deemed to be located in the area described in Article IV, paragraph 3, of the Treaty rather than in the area described in Article V, subparagraph 1(A), of the Treaty.
		Any agreement on temporary deployment of conventional armed forces on the territory of Georgia or on the reallocation of equipment quotas established by the Tashkent Agreement must be the result of free negotiation and must be taken with full respect for the sovereignty of Georgia and for its Constitution.
		Without prejudice to the provisions of Article XXII of the Treaty and notwithstanding the Protocol on Provisional Application of the Treaty, the States Parties shall apply provisionally all of the provisions of the Treaty, beginning on July 17, 1992, on the basis of the agreement reached by all States Parties expressed hereby.
	user.uni-frankfurt.de /~hajoschm/cfeadden.htm (5057 words)

	CFE : Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty
		The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) is a complex instrument which established a military balance between the two groups of States by providing equal ceilings for major weapons and equipment systems, namely for each group in the whole area from the Atlantic to the Urals:
		Furthermore, the Treaty limits the proportion of armaments to be held by a single country to one third of the total numbers, the so-called "sufficiency rule".
		After the signing of the Treaty in 1990 negotiations were continued on the basis of the CFE mandate in order to deal with personnel strength.
	www.fas.org /nuke/control/cfe/index.html (654 words)

	Non-Proliferation, Arms Control & Disarmament Division - European Regional Arms Control and disarmament
		The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (the CFE Treaty), its military equipment limits, and information and verification provisions are the basis for conventional military stability in Europe.
		Much of the text of the Treaty is dedicated to a careful description of the equipment relevant to the Treaty, deliniating acceptable numbers for various types of equipment within the area of application and establishing procedures for their reduction/destruction.
		Much of the text of the Treaty is dedicated to a careful description the nature of the equipment relevant to the Treaty, deliniating acceptable numbers for various types of equipment within the area of application and establishing procedures for their reduction/destruction.
	www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca /arms/european3-en.asp (3563 words)

	Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty
		The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (or CFE Treaty), signed in Paris on November 19, 1990, by the 22 members of NATO and the former Warsaw Pact, is a landmark arms control agreement that established parity in major conventional forces/armaments between East and West from the Atlantic to the Urals.
		The conventional forces of all three countries that are stationed in Europe are subject to CFE limits.
		Ratification by NATO Allies of the Adapted Treaty is awaiting Russia's compliance with adapted CFE flank provisions and continued fulfillment of its Istanbul summit commitments regarding withdrawals of Russian forces from Georgia and Moldova.
	www.state.gov /t/ac/rls/fs/11243.htm (564 words)

	Addendum to Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe and Related Documents
		For the purposes of this Document and the Treaty, the territory of the Odessa oblast, as constituted on 1 January 1996, of Ukraine shall be deemed to be located in the area described in Article IV, paragraph 3, of the Treaty rather than in the area described in Article V, subparagraph 1(A), of the Treaty.
		Any agreement on temporary deployment of conventional armed forces on the territory of Georgia or on the reallocation of equipment quotas established by the Tashkent Agreement must be the result of free negotiation and must be taken with full respect for the sovereignty of Georgia and for its Constitution.
		Without prejudice to the provisions of Article XXII of the Treaty and notwithstanding the Protocol on Provisional Application of the Treaty, the States Parties shall apply provisionally all of the provisions of the Treaty, beginning on July 17, 1992, on the basis of the agreement reached by all States Parties expressed hereby.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/peace/docs/conweapeuropeadd.html (5103 words)

	The CFE Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The lengthy period of implementation is due to the overwhelming complexity of the treaty and the monumental task of either removing or destroying a vast array of equipment-roughly 32,000 pieces of treatylimited equipment (TLE) for the Warsaw Pact and 16,000 for NATO.
		The preamble of the treaty includes a clause that commits the signatories to strive "to replace military confrontation with a new pattern of security relations based on peaceful cooperation."7 Though the agreement is very specific in its technical content, it does not provide any description about how these new "patterns" are to be accomplished.
		All these tensions have led some to suggest that civil authorities may be losing control of the military31 and, consequently, may not be able to force a compromise on their own armed forces.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/mccaus.html (7049 words)

	Arms Control Association: Subject Resources: The Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty at a Glance
		CFE states-parties overhauled the treaty in November 1999, replacing the bloc and zone weapons limits with national and territorial arms ceilings (see The Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty at a Glance), but the original CFE Treaty will remain in force until all states-parties ratify the adaptation agreement.
		Treaty Limited Equipment (TLE): NATO and the former Warsaw Pact were each limited to 20,000 tanks, 30,000 ACVs, 20,000 heavy artillery pieces, 6,800 combat aircraft, and 2,000 attack helicopters for the treaty's area of application.
		At the treaty's second review conference, held May 28-June 1, 2001, the 30 CFE states-parties1 noted that they have reduced more than 59,000 TLE from their arsenals.
	www.armscontrol.org /subject/caec/cfeback2.asp (734 words)

	Arms Control Association: Fact Sheets: The Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty at a Glance
		The Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty at a Glance
		Each country with territory in the treaty’s area of application will have a cap on the total number of tanks, ACVs, and heavy artillery that can be deployed within its borders.
		In “exceptional circumstances,” countries outside the original treaty’s flank zone, which limited ground TLE in the northern and southern flanks of Europe, can temporarily exceed their territorial ceilings by 459 tanks, 723 ACVs, and 420 artillery.
	www.armscontrol.org /factsheets/adaptcfe.asp (685 words)

	Institute for Defense&Disarmament Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The adopted the Agreement on Adaptation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe on 19 November.
		The new members are expected to accede to the CFE Treaty, which would prohibit a large build-up of foreign NATO armed forces on their territory.
		The States Parties to that Treaty declare that, for the period of these negotiations, they will not increase the total peacetime authorized personnel strength of their conventional armed forces pursuant to the Mandate in the area of application.
	www.idds.org /issConvCFE.html (4745 words)

	Archiv Rüstungskontrollverträge
		Agreement on Adaptation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, 19.
		Agreement on Maximum Levels for Holdings of Conventional Arms and Equipment of the USSR, the Peoples Republic of Bulgaria, the Hungarian Republic, the Republic of Poland, Romania and the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic in Connection with the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (Budapest Agreement), 3.
		Agreement between the Government of the Czech Republic and the Government of the Slovak Republic on the Principles and Procedures for Implementing the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe and Concluding Act of the Negotiation on Personnel Strength of Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (Prague), 12.
	www.bits.de /ac-archive/2ru/cfe.htm (1047 words)

	George Bush Presidential Library and Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Treaty also provides for a detailed information exchange on the command organization of each participating state's land, air, and air defense forces as well as information about the number and location of each participating state's military equipment, subject to the limitations and other provisions of the Treaty.
		The military equipment to be reduced and limited consists of battle tanks, armored combat vehicles, artillery, attack helicopters, and combat aircraft in service with the conventional armed forces of the States Parties in Europe from the Atlantic to the Urals.
		Above and beyond eliminating force disparities and limiting the capability for launching large-scale offensive action, the CFE Treaty will be of major importance in laying the indispensable foundation for the post-Cold War security architecture in Europe.
	bushlibrary.tamu.edu /research/papers/1991/91070905.html (739 words)

	CFE Treaty: Table of Contents
		Protocol on Procedures Governing the Reduction of Conventional Armaments and Equipment Limited by the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
		Protocol on the Provisional Application of Certain Provisions of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
		Declaration of the FRG on Personnel Strength of German Armed Forces (1990)
	www.dod.mil /acq/acic/treaties/cfe/index.htm (510 words)

	George Bush Presidential Library and Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To further limit the readiness of armed forces, the treaty sets equal ceilings on equipment that may be with active units.
		The treaty limits the proportion of armaments that can be held by any one country in Europe to about one third of the total for all countries in Europe -- the ``sufficiency'' rule.
		Note: In the morning, the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe was signed in a ceremony in the Salle des Fetes at the Palais de l'Elysee.
	bushlibrary.tamu.edu /research/papers/1990/90111901.html (810 words)

	Disarmament Diplomacy: - CFE Treaty Discussions
		At a time when we are trying to end a pattern of escalating insecurity, brutality and armed conflict in the Balkans, I am gratified that these 30 countries, comprising the vast majority of European nations, are moving in a different direction.
		The Treaty sets clear parameters for conventional forces and provides ground rules for equipment permitted between the Atlantic and the Urals.
		It is a clear example of co-operation by all the countries of Europe in the interests of the continent as a whole.
	www.acronym.org.uk /textonly/dd/dd36/36cfe.htm (422 words)

	Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE): Flank Agreement& Treaty
		Under the CFE treaty all equipment reductions necessary tocomply with overall, national, and zonal ceilings were to havebeen completed by November 1995.
		Perhaps the most significant decision taken at the 1996 CFEReview Conference was to begin negotiations in January 1997for further adaptation of the treaty in light of thedissolution of the USSR and the Warsaw Pact, and the probableextension of NATO membership to some East European nations.
		Originally, the CFE treaty was most concerned aboutpreventing a high-intensity conflict in the center of Europe.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/report/crs/cfe_jan_97.htm (1597 words)

	Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, 30 I.L.M. 1 (1991), entered into force Nov. 9, 1992.
		The term "armoured personnel carrier" means an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped to transport a combat infantry squad and which, as a rule, is armed with an integral or organic weapon of less than 20 millimeters calibre.
		Each State Party shall limit its armoured vehicle launched bridges so that, 40 months after entry into force of this Treaty and thereafter, for the group of States Parties to which it belongs the aggregate number of armoured vehicle launched bridges in active units within the area of application does not exceed 740.
		For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the provisions of this Treaty, a State Party shall have the right to use, in addition to the procedures referred to in Article XIV, national or multinational technical means of verification at its disposal in a manner consistent with generally recognized principles of international law.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/peace/docs/conweapeurope.html (6260 words)

	CFE Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries and the countries of the former Warsaw Pact and the former Soviet Union, whose territory falls within the Atlantic to the Urals (ATTU) region, are Parties to the Treaty.
		The CFE Treaty’s area of application (AOA) is divided into four zones where limits apply within each zone on numbers of conventional arms.
		Serving as a follow-on agreement to the CFE Treaty, CFE-1A is a political commitment—not a legally binding treaty—that all signatories of the CFE Treaty have undertaken to improve further confidence and security in the ATTU region.
	www.nawcwpns.navy.mil /~treaty/CFE.html (361 words)

	DTIRP Treaty Information Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On November 19, 1999, at the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Conference in Istanbul, Turkey, the 30 States Parties to the CFE Treaty signed the Agreement on Adaptation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (Adaptation Agreement).
		The Adaptation Agreement amends the CFE Treaty to Europe's current security environment, as opposed to that existing during the Cold War.
		Ratification by NATO Allies of the Adapted Treaty is awaiting Russia's fulfillment of its Istanbul summit commitments regarding withdrawals of Russian forces from Georgia and Moldova.
	dtirp.dtra.mil /tic/tic_cfe.htm (752 words)

	Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) from 1989 to 1992 established comprehensive limits on key categories of conventional military equipment in Europe (from the Atlantic to the Urals) and mandated the destruction of excess weaponry.
		The treaty proposed equal limits for the two "groups of states-parties", NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
		The Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty at a Glance — Arms Control Association
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_on_Conventional_Armed_Forces_in_Europe (190 words)

	OSCE Event - Heads of State sign Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
		Signed at the Paris Summit, the CFE Treaty outlined provisions that aim to establish a military balance between the two alliances, at a lower level of armaments.
		The treaty stipulated that arms or equipment over the agreed limits must be destroyed within 40 months of the Treaty entering into force, and called for stringent information exchange and verification programmes.
		At the Paris Summit, Heads of State or Government of CSCE participating States signed the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, a cornerstone of conventional stability and security from the Atlantic to the Urals.
	www.osce.org /item/16337.html (233 words)

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