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Topic: Treaty ports (Ireland)

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	Treaty Ports - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Treaty Ports, Asian cities that were opened to foreign trade and residence by treaty beginning in the mid-1800s.
		Treaty ports were port cities in China, Japan and Korea opened to foreign trade by the Unequal Treaties, i.e.
		Treaty Ports and Extraterritorality in China - 1921-22
	encarta.msn.com /Treaty_Ports.html (263 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Treaty ports
		Treaty ports were port cities in China, Japan and Korea opened to foreign trade by the Unequal Treaties, i.e., imposed by Western naval powers and Japan on militarily helpless Asian states.
		The first five treaty ports in China were established at the conclusion of the First Opium War by the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.
		Some of these port areas were directly leased by foreign powers such as in the concessions in China, effectively removing them from the control of local governments.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Treaty_ports (976 words)

	Treaty ports - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Treaty ports were port cities in China, Japan and Korea opened to foreign trade by the Unequal Treaties, i.e.
		The first five treaty ports in China were established at the conclusion of the First Opium War by the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.
		Che-fu, in Shang-tung, in accordance with British and French treaties of T'ien-tsin, 1858; opened March, 1862; Chinese population, 100,000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_ports (999 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		The E coast of Ireland is comparatively regular and has few deep indentations; the W coast is fringed by drowned or submerged valleys, steep cliffs, and hundreds of small islands torn from the mainland mass by the powerful forces of the Atlantic.
		The counties in Ireland are: Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois (Laoighis), Longford, Louth, Meath, Offaly, Westmeath, Wexford, and Wicklow, in Leinster Province; Clare, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary North Riding, Tipperary South Riding, and Waterford, in Munster Province; Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon, and Sligo, in Connaught (Connacht) Province; and Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan, in Ulster Province.
		Nearly the entire Celtic population of Ireland and the majority of the inhabitants of the Pale remained Roman Catholic, and the Anglican church served as a political instrument for the English rulers in Dublin Castle.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/nations/ireland.html (9853 words)

	The World at War - area Timeline from-to
		Republican prisoners in Dublin’s Mountjoy Prison begin hunger strike to draw attention to the general state of affairs in Ireland and to the refusal of the British government of David Lloyd- George to recognize the IRA as a belligerent entitled to have its members treated as prisoners of war.
		Westminster parliament enacts the Government of Ireland Act repealing the 1914 Home Rule bill, partioning the island between the predominantly nationalist and Catholic 26 counties of southern Ireland and the predominantly unionist and Protestant 6 counties of northeastern Ireland and establishing separate parliaments for each.
		Collins signs the Treaty fearing the British will launch a full scale war and certain that it will be seen as a betrayal of the Republic by more militant elements in Ireland.
	worldatwar.net /timeline/ireland/18-48.html (3284 words)

	IRELAND FACTS AND HISTORY
		Judicial authority in Ireland is vested in a supreme court, a high court, a court of criminal appeal, and circuit and district courts.
		By the terms of the treaty, all of Ireland except the six counties constituting Northern Ireland was to receive dominion status identical with that of Canada.
		Republic of Ireland, On Easter Monday, April 18, 1949, by the terms of the Republic of Ireland Bill approved by the Dáil in November 1948, Eire became the Republic of Ireland, formally free of allegiance to the British crown and the Commonwealth of Nations.
	www.angelfire.com /ca/irelandhistory/1998.html (5493 words)

	Irish Free State
		The King in Ireland was represented by a Governor-General of the Irish Free State, The office replaced the previous Lord Lieutenant, who had headed English and British administrations in Ireland since the Middle Ages.
		The Treaty provided for an all-Ireland thirty-two county state, subject to the proviso that the six Northern Ireland counties, which had their own government under the Government of Ireland Act, 1920 could formally opt out of the Free State, which they duly did.
		It registered the treaty with the League of Nations as an international document, to the fury of Britain who saw it as a mere internal document between a dominion and Britain.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ir/Irish_Free_State.html (2106 words)

	Ireland (12/05)
		The conflict in Northern Ireland stems from a history of British rule, historical animosity between Catholics and Protestants, and the various armed and political attempts to unite Northern Ireland with the rest of the island.
		Ireland, with 1% of the European Union’s (EU’s) population, attracted 8% of all U.S. investment in Europe in 2003.
		Ireland is a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the European Union.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3180.htm (3765 words)

	A short history of Ireland
		From 1801 Ireland is formally a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
		The end of the war is brought by the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921, which establishes the Irish Free State of 26 counties within the Commonwealth and recognizes the partition of the island into Ireland and Northern Ireland supposedly as a temporary measure.
		A significant Irish minority repudiates the treaty settlement because of the continuance of subordinate ties to the British monarch and the partition of the island.
	www.electionworld.org /history/ireland.htm (742 words)

	Ireland
		Ireland's corporate tax rate is among the lowest in the EU, and the Irish Government has resolutely resisted efforts to harmonize taxes at a single EU rate.
		Ireland is a member of the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, and the Irish Government has been willing to agree to binding international arbitration of investment disputes between foreign investors and the state.
		Ireland signed the UN Convention on Corruption in December 2003, and ratification is pending a review of the legal measures required for implementation.
	www.state.gov /e/eb/ifd/2005/42063.htm (6407 words)

	Ireland, Republic of. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		After the establishment by treaty with Great Britain of the Irish Free State (Jan., 1922), civil war broke out between supporters of the treaty and opponents, who refused to accept the partition of Ireland and the retention of any ties with Britain.
		The loyalty oath to the crown was abolished, and certain economic provisions of the 1921 treaty with England were repudiated, leading to an “economic war” (1932–38) with Britain.
		In the late 1960s the problem of Northern Ireland flared up again in bitter fighting between the Protestant majority and Catholic minority there, aggravated by the actions of the IRA, which was headquartered in the republic.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ir/IrelandR.html (1118 words)

	OISS: Tax Treaties Between the US and Foreign Governments
		A tax treaty is an agreement between two governments under which each agrees to limit or modify its domestic tax laws in an attempt to avoid double taxation of income.
		An individual who is a resident of a country with which the United States has entered into a tax treaty must look at the provisions of that treaty to determine his or her tax liabilities.
		Treaties are not all the same and the foreign national must review the treaty with his/her country to determine any benefits.
	www.unh.edu /oiss/employment/treaty.html (1306 words)

	History of Ireland
		Believing the mantra: “England’s problem is Ireland’s opportunity,” and tapping into a mood of Gaelic revivalism, Padraic Pearse and James Connolly led the unsuccessful Easter Rising of 1916.
		The end of the war brought the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921, which established the Irish Free State of 26 counties within the British Commonwealth and recognized the partition of the island into Ireland and Northern Ireland, though supposedly as a temporary measure.
		In 1932, Eamon de Valera, the political leader of the forces initially opposed to the treaty, became Prime Minister, and a new Irish constitution was enacted in 1937.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/ireland.html (1028 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The Irish Free State (Irish: Saorstát Éireann) (1922–1937) was the name of the state comprising the 26 of Ireland's 32 counties that were separated from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and Irish Republic representatives in London on December 6, 1921.
		The Map of Ireland — a two pence denomination — was a stamp introduced on December 6th, 1922 was the first of a series of postage stamps of Ireland that used "Éire" - the Irish word for Ireland.
		It registered the treaty with the League of Nations as an international document, to the fury of the United Kingdom, who saw it as a mere internal document between a dominion and the UK.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Irish_Free_State (2416 words)

	Ireland: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — FactMonster.com
		Ireland resembles a basin—a central plain rimmed with mountains, except in the Dublin region.
		In the Stone and Bronze Ages, Ireland was inhabited by Picts in the north and a people called the Erainn in the south, the same stock, apparently, as in all the isles before the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain.
		The Republic of Ireland was proclaimed on April 18, 1949, and withdrew from the Commonwealth.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107648.html (1346 words)

	Ireland, Anti-submarine Indicator Loops, Royal Navy
		Britain became politically involved in Ireland in the 12th Century, slowly tightening its grip until British supremacy was obtained in the 16th Century.
		There was the attitude of the Free State (Southern Ireland) Government to be considered, in any future conflict; if it was hostile then the Treaty Ports could not be used to their full advantage, unless the surrounding hinterland had been seized and occupied which would entail using troops that could be better used elsewhere.
		To abandon the ports meant that the RN flotillas had to start in the North from Lamlash and in the south from Pembroke Dock or Falmouth, thus decreasing their radius of action and the protection they could afford by more than 400 miles out and home.
	home.iprimus.com.au /waldingr/ireland.htm (2046 words)

	Postal history of Hong Kong & Treaty Ports.
		Postal history of Hong Kong and Treaty Ports.
		The Hong Kong Study Circle was founded in 1951 to record and circulate information on the philatelic and postal history of Hong Kong and the Treaty ports.
		It is U. K.-based and regular meetings are held in London.
	www.hongkongstudycircle.com (211 words)

	BBC News \| History \| 1939-67: Relative calm before the storm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The Republic of Ireland The new Irish prime minister, John Costello, announces in Spetember 1948 that Eire is to become a republic outside the Commonwealth.
		'Chapel-gate' election A Northern Ireland general election is held in February 1949 the shadow of the impending birth of the Irish Republic.
		Ireland Act Attlee's government passes an act in June 1949 guaranteeing that Northern Ireland will remain part of the UK unless its parliament decides otherwise.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/events/northern_ireland/history/64247.stm (708 words)

	Ireland: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Ireland, Iceland, and the UK dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm.
		Ireland is situated in the Atlantic Ocean and separated from Great Britain by the Irish Sea.
		Church of Ireland - Ireland, Church of, Anglican church of both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107648.html (1460 words)

	Ireland 32
		The Treaty of December 1921 was signed following the threat of "immediate and terrible war" by the British government.
		The payment of compensation to ex-British officials in Ireland and a limitation on the size of the Free State defense forces.
		The Irish Cabinet accepts the Treaty by a vote of four to three; Griffith, Collins, Barton and William T. Cosgrave voting yea, and President De Valera, Cathal Brugha and Austin Stack opposed.
	www.gmu.edu /org/ireland32/treaty_essay.html (1861 words)

	The Anglo-Chinese Treaty of Nanking (1842)
		HER MAJESTY the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous of putting an end to the misunderstandings and consequent hostilities which have arisen between the two countries, have resolved to conclude a Treaty for that purpose.
		There shall henceforward be peace and friendship between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and His Majesty the Emperor of China, and between their respective subjects, who shall enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the dominions of the other.
		Whereas by the Xth Article of the Treaty between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, concluded and signed on board Her Britannic Majesty's ship Cornwallis, at Nanking, on the 29th day of August, 1842.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /jobrien/reference/ob24.html (834 words)

	A brief history of Northern Ireland 1919 - 1999 \| Special reports \| Guardian Unlimited
		The Government of Ireland Act establishes the principle of two parliaments in Dublin and Belfast, to be subordinate to the London parliament.
		The Ireland Act rules that the Republic is no longer a British dominion, but Northern Ireland will remain part of the UK unless its parliament agrees otherwise.
		The blossoming relationship between Britain and Ireland is reinforced when the secretary-general of the Commonwealth signals that Ireland would now be a "very welcome member" of the ex-colonials club, 49 years after it left.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Northern_Ireland/Story/0,2763,209091,00.html (1920 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		The Irish Free State (Irish language:, Saorstát Éireann) was (1922–1937) the name of the state comprising the 26 of Ireland's 32 counties which were separated from the United Kingdom under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and Irish Republic representatives in London on December 6, 1921.
		His constitution, reflecting the 1930s preoccupation with faith and fatherland, in Articles 2 challenged in theory the partition of Ireland under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, while in Article 3, accepted the reality of partition.
		A tiny minority of Irish people, usually attached to small parties like Sinn Féin and Republican Sinn Féin, denied the right of the twenty-six county state to use the name 'republic', continually referring to the twenty-six county state as the 'Free State', its citizens 'Free Staters' and its government the "Free State" or "Dublin" Government.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Irish_Free_State (2193 words)

	Key Publishing Ltd Aviation Forums - Ireland's Secret WWII airfields (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		It's a little known fact, but Ireland (then officially known as 'Eire'), established secret airfields in the midlands during WWII to accomodate RAF aircraft in the event of Britain being invaded by the Nazis.
		The UK authorities deliberately portrayed Ireland as being unco-operative during the war (for their own propoganda reasons!) - This was far from the case in reality.
		It's not as if Ireland didn't need the cargos that were coming across both the Atlantic and The Irish Sea, particularly food, coal and raw materials - seems like cutting off the nose to spite the face.
	forum.keypublishing.co.uk /showthread.php?t=43393 (3365 words)

	Ireland
		1155 Papal Bull by Pope Adrian IV 'bestows' Ireland to
		19 May 1649 - 25 Apr 1660 Part of the Commonwealth of England and Ireland.
		11 Dec 1948 Republic of Ireland (recognized by Britain
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Ireland.htm (5031 words)

	Menzies' 1941 Diary \| Ireland and the USA \| Old Parliament House
		Prime Minister Eamon de Valera was determined to keep the Republic of Eire out of the War and this neutrality included denying Britain access to the ‘Treaty Ports’ – five harbours and fuel storage areas originally retained under British control in the Treaty of 1921, which had granted independence to Eire.
		By March 1941 British restrictions on trade and shipping to Ireland had reduced the petrol allowance to private motorists by 75%, brought tea rationing and the end of wheat imports and had cut off external supplies of oil, fat and sugar.
		At Berehaven, one of the Treaty Ports—where British fighters and anti-aircraft batteries might have been stationed—locals watched the planes fly past each morning en route to pound the Atlantic convoys.
	www.oph.gov.au /menzies/irelandandtheusa.htm (1078 words)

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