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Topic: Treaty with Tunis (1797)

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	List of United States treaties - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a list of treaties to which the United States has been a party or which have had direct relevance to U.S. history.
		Under the United States Constitution, treaties must be ratified by the two-thirds approval of United States Senate in order to take effect.
		1789 - Jay-Gardoqui Treaty with Spain, not ratified
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_United_States_treaties (394 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Domestically, treaties to which the United States is a party are equivalent in status to Federal legislation, forming part of what the Constitution calls ``the supreme Law of the Land.'' However, the word treaty does not have the same meaning in the United States and in international law.
		The treaty clause of the Constitution does not contain the word ratification, which refers to the formal act by which a nation affirms its willingness to be bound by a specific treaty.
		After considering the treaty with Tunis, the Senate adopted a resolution advising and consenting to its ratification on condition that a certain article be suspended and recommending renegotiation of the article.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/congress/treaties_senate_role.htm (14264 words)

	The Avalon Project : The Barbary Treaties 1786-1816 - Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Signed at Tunis August 28, 1797
		Treaty of Peace and Friendship, signed at Tunis August 28, 1797, and, with alterations, March 26, 1799.
		Merchandise belonging to any nation which may be at war with one of the contracting parties, and loaded on board of the vessels of the other, shall pass without molestation and without any attempt being made to capture or detain it.
		Done in Tunis the twenty sixth day of March in the year of the Christian Era one thousand seven hundred and ninety nine, and of American Independence the twenty third.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/barbary/bar1797t.htm (1156 words)

	The Avalon Project : The Barbary Treaties 1786-1836
		The Barbary Treaties - An Introduction by Hunter Miller
		Treaty with Tripoli November 4, 1796 and at Algiers January 3, 1797
		Treaty with Algieria December 22 and 23, 1816
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/barbary/barmenu.htm (310 words)

	Faith and Action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the Treaty of Tunis, the President and the American people are described as those "who profess the religion of the Messiah," a clear reference to Jesus of Nazareth.
		Interestingly, the Treaty of Tunis was used in a case concerning the Bible in the public schools of Ohio in 1872.
		They signed the treaty in the name of "the Buddhist Era." This is a fascinating cultural statement by two governments eager to honor their respective traditions.
	www.faithandaction.org /DavidNewJuneJuly05.htm (2169 words)

	WallBuilders \| Resources \| Treaty of Tripoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The 1797 Treaty of Tripoli, specifically article XI, is commonly misused in editorial columns, articles, as well as in other areas of the media, both Christian and secular.
		That treaty, one of several with Tripoli, was negotiated during the "Barbary Powers Conflict," which began shortly after the Revolutionary War and continued through the Presidencies of Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison.
		The 1797 treaty with Tripoli was one of the many treaties in which each country officially recognized the religion of the other in an attempt to prevent further escalation of a "Holy War" between Christians and Muslims.
	www.wallbuilders.com /resources/search/detail.php?ResourceID=5 (2394 words)

	Vanity: 1797 TREATY WITH TRIPOLI (need some help) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		“Thus the proclamation [June 10, 1797] was immediate with the ratification and did not await any such formality as notice to the Bey of Tripoli of the ratification of the treaty by the United States.
		Donaldson, Jr., as Consul to Tunis and Tripoli.
		The U.S. Senate ratified the treaty on June 7, 1797; President Adams signed it on June 10, 1797 and it was first published in the Session Laws of the Fifth Congress, first session in 1797.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/708203/posts (3527 words)

	Research Subjects: Government & Politics: Diplomatic Documents
		Treaty between France and the House of Orange 1802
		After five years of war between the French Republic and the First Coalition, in late autumn of 1797, there would finally be peace on the European continent.
		On October 17, 1797, representatives of France and Austria concluded a peace settlement which brought the Italian Campaign to a final close.
	www.napoleon-series.org /research/government/c_diplomatic.html (953 words)

	Treaty of Tripoli. Article 11. Christian nation phrase
		The official and only 1797 Treaty with Tripoli which was read, accepted, approved, and ratified by the Senate of the United States was the one penned by Joel Barlow in the English language.
		The lack of any recorded argument about the wording, as well as the unanimous vote and the and the wide reprinting of the words in the press of 1797, suggests that the idea that the government was not a Christian one was widely and easily accepted at the time.
		This suggests that the reworking of the treaty without Article 11 should be regarded as better reflecting American sentiments than the earlier version, regardless of who wrote or negotiated it.
	www.tektonics.org /qt/tripoli.html (3350 words)

	info: UNITED STATES TREATIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Articles about treaties to which the United States of America is a party.
		For a chronologically sorted list (including treaties that do not yet have articles), see List of United States treaties.
		China drafting counterterrorism law - treaties and, shortly after the terror attacks onthe World Trade Center and the Pentagon in the United States, made of 12 international treaties on fighting terrorism.
	www.info-macedonia.com /Category:United_States_treaties (399 words)

	U.S. History Documents - Alpha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Convention of 1824 Amending the Treaty of August 1797, and March 26, 1799 With Tunis [1824]
		Treaty of Amity, Settlement, and Limits Between the United States of America and His Catholic Majesty [1819]
		Tunis - Convention of 1824 Amending the Treaty of August 1797, and March 26, 1799 [1824]
	www2.ohlone.edu /people/shanna/alpha_117A.htm (1974 words)

	Articles - Treaty with Tripoli (1796) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nevertheless, Joel Barlow's English "translation" of Article 11, as recorded in the certified copy of January 4, 1797, is contained in the version of the treaty that was approved by President John Adams and Secretary of State Timothy Pickering and ratified by the Senate.
		This copy confirms that Article 11 was not a part of the Arabic original, but was for some reason revised in the English translation that was ultimately ratified.
		On June 4, 1805, under the imminent threat of U.S. action, Tobias Lear negotiated the Treaty of Peace and Amity with the Pasha Yusuf.
	www.kamero.net /articles/Treaty_of_Tripoli (557 words)

	How to Research Treaties
		the treaty, the provisions of the resolution of ratification,
		Treaty terminated the 1903, 1936, and 1955 treaties with
		Senate as treaties and are not transmitted to Congress as
	exorthodoxforchrist.com /how_to_research_treaties.htm (7693 words)

	Treaty
		1731 Treaty of Vienna: Emperor Charles VI of England and Netherlands
		1543 Treaty of Venlo: Duke Willem of Gulik and Emperor Charles V
		1504 Treaty of Blois: Philip van Bourgondie and Maximilian I and Louis XII
	www.brainyhistory.com /topics/t/treaty.html (4282 words)

	Old Ironsides History Page
		The immediate issue is the need to protect the large American merchant fleet from continuous and increasing attacks by the North African "Barbary pirate" states of Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli-as well as from aggressive high-seas practices of the British.
		It is actually the third attempt to launch her; the first was a month earlier, when the ship sticks after moving only 27 feet.
		June 3 - A peace treaty with Tripoli is completed on board the CONSTITUTION in the captain's cabin; this is followed by a similar treaty with Tunis signed on August 14th.
	www.ussconstitution.navy.mil /historyupdat.htm (2906 words)

	David Barton on the Treaty of Tripoli: Is American government founded on Christianity? [Free Republic] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management.
		All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.
		Over the last several months we have noticed with increasing interest how often the Treaty of Tripoli, specifically article XI, is being misused in editorial columns, articles, as well as in other areas of the media, both Christian and secular.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3a3e2a877c57.htm (5124 words)

	List of United States treaties - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		List of Treaties between the U.S. and Foreign Nations 1778-1845 (http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llslandfileName=008/llsl008.dbandrecNum=10) from the Library of Congress
		List of Treaties between the U.S. and Indian Tribes 1778-1842 (http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llslandfileName=007/llsl007.dbandrecNum=6) from the Library of Congress
		List of Treaties 1845-1851 (http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llslandfileName=009/llsl009.dbandrecNum=867) from the Library of Congress
	www.free-definition.com /List-of-United-States-treaties.html (353 words)

	Decatur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Her next victories came in 1803 after months of carry
		The signing of a treaty with Tunis and Tripoli 7 August, following that with Algeria in June, won maritime freedom in the Mediterranean.
		The next 3 years Macedonian patrolled there and off the East Coast.
	bonose.com /Decatur-160.html (1116 words)

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