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Topic: Trebizond

	History of Trabzon, The Empire of Trebizond
		The Empire of Trebizond was already foreshadowed in the 1080s by the exploits of Theodore Gabras.
		In 1204, the armies of the Fourth Crusade, consisting of the Venetian navy and a motley force of European knights, captured and sacked Constantinople.
		In direct continuation of the habits of the Trebizond Empire, the maintenance of law and order in remote areas was entrusted shortly after the conquest to dercbeyis, literally Lords of the Valley.
	www.karalahana.com /english/archive/history.html (4200 words)

	Empire of Trebizond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When Constantinople fell to the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Empire of Trebizond was one of the three smaller Greek states that emerged from the wreckage, along with the Empire of Nicaea and the Despotate of Epirus.
		Trebizond initially controlled a contiguous area on the southern Black Sea coast between Soterioupolis and Sinope, comprising the modern Turkish provinces of Sinop, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Bayburt, Gumushane, Rise and Artvin.
		Trebizond was in continual conflict with the Sultanate of Iconium and later with the Ottoman Turks, as well as Byzantium, the Italian republics, and especially the Genoese.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond (993 words)

	Empire of Trebizond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Empire of Trebizond was a successor state of the Byzantine Empire founded in 1204 immediately before the fall of Constantinople.
		Alexius, a grandson of Byzantine emperor Andronicus I Comnenus and a descendant of King David the Builder of Georgia through his great grandmother (daughter of David the Builder), made Trebizond his capital and asserted a claim to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire.
		Trebizond initially controlled a contiguous area on the southern Black Sea coast between and Sinope, comprising the modern Turkish provinces of Sinop, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Bayburt, Gumushane, Rise and Artvin.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Empire_of_Trebizond (1014 words)

	TREBIZOND - LoveToKnow Article on TREBIZOND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The vilayet, of which Trebizond is the chief town, consists of a long irregular strip of coast country, the eastern.
		The imperial family were renowned for their beauty, and the princesses of this race were sought as brides by Byzantine emperors of the dynasty of the lalaeologi, by Western nobles, and by Mahommedan princes; and the connexiuns thus formed originated a variety of diplomatic relations and friendly or offensive alliances.
		The palace of Trebizond was famed for its magnificence, the court for its luxury and elaborate ceremonial, while at the same time it was frequently a hotbed of intrigue and immorality.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TR/TREBIZOND.htm (1596 words)

	Alexius I of Trebizond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Alexius I Comnenus, Grand Comnenus and Emperor of Trebizond, was a son of Manuel, grandson of the Emperor Andronicus I (who was dethroned and killed in 1185) and great grandson of (daughter of hte King of Georgia David the Builder).
		Those three places all declared for Alexius, and while he remained cautiously in the neighbourhood of Trebizond, his brother Caesar, aided by the Georgians and local mercenaries, made himself master of Pontus and Paphlagonia, including Kastamonu, said to be the ancestral castle of the Comneni.
		The loss of Sinope in 1214 isolated Trebizond from direct contact (and further territorial encroachment) by the Empire of Nicea.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Alexius_I_of_Trebizond (1004 words)

	The [True] ORDER OF SAINT EUGENE OF TREBIZOND - NEW BYZANTIUM
		THE establishment of the Empire of Trebizond is based on a branch of the prestigious Anatolian family of the Comnenus of Komana in Pontus who due to a dispute with the Byzantine Emperor sought refuge in Georgia.
		The churches of Trebizond and of the surrounding area have a different appearance due to their walls which are constructed from soft rock that is very well shaped.
		It was constructed in a cave at an altitude of 1,628 meters in the valley of Macka in the mountains of Zigana, 54km to the south of Trebizond.
	www.new-byzantium.org /trebizon.html (3881 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Empire of Trebizond was a successor state of the Byzantine Empire founded in 1204 after the Fourth Crusade.
		Alexius I, a grandson of Byzantine emperor Andronicus I Comnenus and Georgian King David the Builder, made Trebizond the seat of an empire, and because of this connection the polity was sometimes referred to as the Comnenan Empire.
		Trebizond controlled a contiguous area across the southern Black Sea coast, and, briefly in the thirteenth century, even parts of the Crimean peninsula and Kerch on the Black Sea's northern shore.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Empire_of_Trebizond (563 words)

	Jere's Ars Magica Saga: Trebizond
		As significant as it is in the grain trade, Trebizond is more important as a commercial center in which converged trade routes coming by sea from Cherson and by land from the Caucasus, Central Asia, Syria, Constantinople and from throughout Anatolia.
		Trebizond flourished because of its fine harbor and location at the head of the best routes from the sea to the interior and Iran.
		Trebizond is the main city of the Eastern Black Sea area.
	www.geocities.com /TimesSquare/Labyrinth/2398/bginfo/geo/trebizon.html (1190 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Diocese of Trebizond
		In 1462 Trebizond was taken by assault by the troops of Mohammed II, and its last emperor, David, was exiled to the vicinity of Serrae in Macedonia.
		At present Trebizond is the capital of the vilayet of the same name, bounded by those of Sivas and Erzeroum, the Black Sea, and Asiatic Russia, which after the war of 1877 absorbed a part of its territory.
		The Capuchins are established for the Latins at Trebizond, Samsun, and Ineboli, and are dependent on the delegate Apostolic at Constantinople; the Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparition have a boarding-school at Trebizond.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15028a.htm (1137 words)

	THE LIONS OF TREBIZOND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The civil war in the middle of the 14th century in Trebizond between the leading families of Amytzarantoi and the faithful to Constantinople Scholarioi and the slaughter of the first agitated the empire.
		This was reasonable, because the population of the empire was 250,000 and the inhabitants of the city of Trebizond were 4,000 in 1438.
		Trebizond's empire is undeniable an achievement of the far away mikrasiatic Hellenism, that lived and prospered despite the difficulty of those times for over two and a half centuries in the frames of an autonomous state.
	www.fortunecity.com /underworld/straif/69/engtrapez.htm (2696 words)

	Morean Empire TL: Tales of Trebizond [Part 6] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The veneer of Trebizond's society might well be Greco-Byzantine, but it was as different from Morea or the Turkish portions of Greece as could be with its undercurrents that were rather different.
		The supply lines from Trebizond, even the Georgian territories, were stretched thin for as relatively poor a nation as she was.
		Trebizond was going to be a problem if it was not curtailed, but that was not his original intent for his visit.
	www.seriousliving.net /new-3255618-477.html (3641 words)

	AllRefer.com - Trebizond, empire of (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine) - Encyclopedia
		Trebizond, the capital, and Sinope were the chief cities.
		The empire of Trebizond was further diminished when Sinope fell (1214) to the Seljuk Turks, and the emperor became a vassal of the sultan of Iconium; for the remainder of its existence Trebizond was restricted to the SE Black Sea coastal region.
		Relations between Trebizond and the Muslims were generally friendly, but after the Turkish conquest of Constantinople (1453), David Comnenus, the last emperor of Trebizond, promoted an alliance of the non-Ottoman Asian states against Sultan Muhammad II.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/Trebizemp.html (573 words)

	TREBIZOND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the Armenian campaign of Nero's reign Trebizond, the gate of Armenia, was the port through which the Roman army conveyed its supplies; and in the civil wars which followed his death this “illustrious,” this “long famous city,” as Mela and Tacitus
		Among those present at the Council of Nice was the Bishop of Trebizond; the Bishop in the eighth century became a Metropolitan; in the reign of Justinian one of his successors became Patriarch at
		Trebizond was naturally an important position in Justinian's Persian war, and a portrait of Belisarius long adorned the church of St. Basil, while to that great general is ascribed the restoration of the famous monastery of Soumela, a conspicuous landmark of history, founded in the reign of Theodosius the Great by two monks from
	www.orthodoxchristianity.net /texts/TrebizondCh1.html (1342 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - Empire of Trebizond 1204-1461 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Trebizond also sometimes benefited from the matrimonial ties of their emperors with the various Turkic and Georgian princes from neighbouring regions.
		Trebizond enjoyed a lot of wealth and prosperity as it was the commercial route with which merchants took through Asia Minor.
		Thus the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed the Conqueror (so-called because of his capture of the Byzantine capital Constantinople in 1453) gathered a huge army reportedly consisting of 60,000 horse and 80,000 foot and laid siege to the city in 1461.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/32/45 (1051 words)

	First-hand account by a Turkish army officer on the deportation of Armenians from Trebizond and Erzerum, December 26, ...
		The infants in the care of the American Consul of Trebizond were taken away with the pretext that they were going to be sent to Sivas where an asylum had been prepared for them.
		At Trebizond the Moslems were warned that if they sheltered Armenians they would be liable to the death penalty.
		The Turkish officials in charge of the deportation and extermination of the Armenians were: At Erzeroum, Bihas Eddin Shaker Bey; At Trebizond; Naiil Bey, Tewfik Bey Monastirly, Colonel of Gendarmerie, The Commissioner of Police; At Kamach; The member of Parliament for Erzinjian.
	www.armenian-genocide.org /sampledocs/br-12-26-16-text.htm (1081 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: George of Trebizond
		He was one of the foremost of the Greeks to arrive in Italy (c.1420) before the fall of Constantinople.
		After teaching for a time at Venice and Florence he came to Rome, and when Eugenius IV (1431-47) restored the University of Rome (1431), one of its most important professorships was assigned to George of Trebizond, who had acquired the highest repute as a master of Latin style.
		By Nicholas V (1447-1455) he was much sought after as a translator of Greek works -- such as the "Syntaxis" of Ptolemy and the "Praeparatio Evangelica" of Eusebius.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06456a.htm (407 words)

	The Empire of Trebizond Part 1
		His problem was that the walls of Trebizond were said to be, like Constantinople's before them, impenetrable, but in the end he decided on the city's seaside quarter which was unprotected by any walls and he had predicted would have the greatest rate of success.
		This defeat left Trebizond crippled right when it was supposed to be growing and expanding, all so some pathetic nobles could have a little more power over their own local lands, all at the price of a man who at least had a vision of where his people might go.
		Trebizond in the end fell from its dignity until finally only one thing concerned it and that was to survive, leaving it only a remnant in the Muslim East.
	www.ancientsites.com /aw/Post/593229 (7139 words)

	Pontos (Black Sea)
		The fall of Constantinople (1453) and, eight years later of Trebizond (1461) mark one of the greatest disasters in Greek history.
		Mehmet later murdered the emperor David and 5 of his children and forbade their bodies to be burried.
		Immediately after the seize of Trebizond by the Ottomans, many inhabitants of the rich coastal towns fled.
	www.agiasofia.com /pontos/pontos.html (676 words)

	Documents 72-85. Bryce. Armenians. VIII--Trebizond & Shabin Kara-Hissar; IX---Sivas; X---Kaisaria.
		The Vilayet of Trebizond lies between Erzeroum and the Black Sea, and consists of a long, narrow littoral, shut off from its hinterland by a wall of mountains on the south.
		At Trebizond, a number of them were herded on to boats and drowned in the open sea.
		She was saved through the protection of the late Italian Consul at Trebizond, who was allowed to leave in a motor boat for Constantinople(95), whence he went to Italy and sent this girl to some relatives of hers in Roumania.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/1915/bryce/a10.htm (15651 words)

	Wilsonian Armenia - Armeniapedia.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The majority of the population of Trebizond Vilayet is incontestably Moslem and the Armenian element, according to all pre-war estimates, was undeniably inferior numerically to the Greek portion of the Christian minority.
		Eastward from the port of Trebizond along die coast of Lazistan no adequate harbor facilities are to be found and the rugged character of the Pontic range separating Lazistan Sandjak from the Vilayet of Erzerum is such as to isolate the hinterland from the coast so far as practicable railway construction is concerned.
		The decision to ]eave to Turkey the harbor towns and hinterland of Kerasun and Ordu in Trebizond Sandjak was dictated by the fact that the population of this region is strongly Moslem and Turkish and that these towns are the out lets for the easterumost sections of the Turkish vilayet of Sivas.
	www.armeniapedia.org /index.php?title=Wilsonian_Armenia (3916 words)

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