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Topic: Tree (disambiguation)

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	Tree - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Trees are important components of the natural landscape and significant elements in landscaping, and in agriculture supplying orchard crops (e.g.
		The earliest trees were tree ferns and horsetails, which grew in vast forests in the Carboniferous Period; tree ferns still survive, but the only surviving horsetails are not of tree form.
		For example, most palm trees are not branched, the saguaro cactus of North America has no functional leaves, tree ferns do not produce bark, etc. Based on their general shape and size, all of these are nonetheless generally regarded as trees.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /tree.htm (1159 words)

	Tree - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trees are important components of the natural landscape and significant elements in landscaping, and in agriculture supplying orchard crops (such as apples).
		Modern trends are to cite the tree's diameter rather than the circumference; this is obtained by dividing the measured circumference by π; it assumes the trunk is circular in cross-section (an oval or irregular cross-section would result in a mean diameter slightly greater than the assumed circle).
		The oldest trees are determined by growth ring counts in cores taken from the edge to the centre of the tree or from entire cross-sections.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tree (2029 words)

	Tree
		Trees are important components of the natural landscape and significant elements in landscaping.
		A small group of trees growing together is called a grove or copse, and a landscape covered by a large area of trees is called a forest.
		Examples are Yggdrasil in the Norse Mythology, the Christmas Tree that is derived from Germanicic mythology, the Tree of Knowledge of Judaism and Christianity, and the Bodhi tree in Buddhism.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/t/tr/tree.html (882 words)

	Land Management
		tree ferns do not produce bark, etc. Based on their general shape and size, all of these are nonetheless generally regarded as trees.
		The girth (circumference) of a tree is - or at least should be - much easier to measure than the height, as it is a simple matter of stretching a tape round the trunk, and pulling it taut to find the circumference.
		Modern trends are to cite the tree's diameter rather than the circumference; this is obtained by dividing the measured circumference by pi; it assumes the trunk is circular in cross-section (an oval or irregular cross-section would result in a mean diameter slightly greater than the assumed circle).
	www.landandtimbermanagement.com /what_is_a_tree.html (1827 words)

	Tree at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As a tree grows, it creates growth rings, which can be counted in temperate climates to determine the age of the tree, and used to date cores or even lumber taken from trees in the past, using the science of dendrochronology.
		Trees occur in many diverse families of plants, and thus show a wide variety of leaf types and shapes, bark, flowers, fruit, etc. The earliest trees were probably tree ferns, which grew in vast forests.
		Examples are Yggdrasil in the Norse Mythology, the Christmas Tree that is derived from Germanic mythology, the Tree of Knowledge of Judaism and Christianity, and the Bodhi tree in Buddhism.
	wiki.tatet.com /Tree.html (878 words)

	Tree (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Look up tree in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
		If an internal link referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tree_(disambiguation) (89 words)

	A Memory-Based Model of Syntactic Analysis
		The composition-operation identifies the leftmost nonterminal leaf node of one tree with the root node of a second tree, i.e., the second tree is substituted on the leftmost nonterminal leaf node of the first tree.
		Linguistic disambiguation involves classification under an ambiguous definition of the "case description language", i.e., the formal representation of the utterance analyses, which is usually a grammar.
		In DOP, this measure is simplified during parsing to string-equivalence and complicated during disambiguation by a probabilistic ranking of the alternative trees of the input sentence.
	iaaa.nl /rs/jetai/jetai.html (13442 words)

	Conference Materials
		Experience-based theories of structural disambiguation preferences (e.g., Mitchell et al, 1995) claim that people disambiguate in a way which is consistent with their past experience of syntactic configurations.
		We have previously presented a recursive neural network model, which is trained to disambiguate by recognising the correct partial tree (henceforth "incremental tree") spanning the sentence from the first word to the current word, given a (usually very large) set of alternatives generated from a large-scale treebank grammar.
		Another was trained on reduced trees from the same sample, from which we removed all nodes not c-commanding the right frontier of the incremental tree.
	cognet.mit.edu /library/conferences/paper?paper_id=55032 (445 words)

	About money tree
		Trees also play an important role in many of the world's mythologies.
		Tree in Chile.jpg consists of xylem cells, and bark is primarily made of phloem.
		Bamboos by contrast, do show most of the characteristics of trees, yet are perhaps strangely rarely called trees.
	www.money-make.net /money-tree.htm (848 words)

	Previous Work in Grammar Specialisation and Disambiguation
		In this model, a stochastic tree substitution grammar is created by taking into account (almost) all possible sub-trees of the trees present in an annotated corpus.
		8] a different system based on statistical decision tree modelling is described which is also capable of capturing linguistic dependencies.
		Disambiguation of prepositional phrase attachment is the subject of a number of other experiments in which phrases with prepositional phrase attachments were extracted from the Penn Treebank Wall Street Journal corpus consisting of the sequence verb noun-phrase prepositional-phrase.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~vannoord/alp/proposal/node15.html (723 words)

	Home - Jean E. Fox Tree
		We found that although naive speakers can produce syntactically disambiguating prosody, they generally don't, and furthermore, that when given the choice between context and prosody, listeners choose interpretations based on context (Fox Tree & Meijer, 2000).
		Without investigating spontaneous productions, for example, researchers might conclude that disambiguating prosody is always produced by speakers or necessary for comprehension by listeners.
		Fox Tree, J. E., & Meijer, P. Untrained speakers' use of prosody in syntactic disambiguation and listeners' interpretations.
	people.ucsc.edu /~foxtree/pros.html (175 words)

	Syntactic Disambiguation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		To calculate the probability of a given phrase structure tree, we just multiply together the probabilities of all of the rules involved in its construction.
		The number against each tree node represents the probability of that constituent (sub-tree).
		The probability assigned to the whole parse tree is 0.0096.
	www.cogs.susx.ac.uk /research/nlp/gazdar/teach/nlp/nlpnode64.html (177 words)

	Disambiguation Technologies \| Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In general, an input string should be matched with the closest item in the dictionary.
		A common example for that type of search is an address matching — the three strings which represent "street," "zip," and "region" should be matched to the closest leaves in the tree of legal "street/zip/region" branches.
		Consider, for example, address recognition: There are a number of ways to write an address, hence the disambiguation engine must be able to recognize automatically which syntax is being used
	www.research.ibm.com /haifa/projects/image/disamb (235 words)

	Citebase - Computational Complexity of Probabilistic Disambiguation by means of Tree-Grammars
		This paper studies the computational complexity of disambiguation under probabilistic tree-grammars and context-free grammars.
		Consequently, the existence of deterministic polynomial-time algorithms for solving these disambiguation problems is a highly improbable event.
		E cient Disambiguationby means of Stochastic Tree Substitution Gram mars.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:cmp-lg/9606019 (617 words)

	Efficient Disambiguation by means of Stochastic Tree Substitution Grammars - Sima'an, Bod, Krauwer, Scha (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Abstract: In Stochastic Tree Substitution Grammars (STSGs), one parse(-tree) of an input sentence can be generated by exponentially many derivations; the probability of a parse is defined as the sum of the probabilities of its derivations.
		Efficient disambiguation by means of stochastic tree substitution grammars.
		8 Efficient Disambiguation by means of Stochastic Tree Substit..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /247831.html (474 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The dominant approach to word sense disambiguation is said to be
		The simplicity of the decision tree of lexical
		degree to which disambiguation as performed by various methods is
	www.cs.toronto.edu /~smm/proposal-WEB.html (1213 words)

	Efficient Disambiguation by means of Stochastic Tree Substitution Grammars - Sima'an, Bod, Krauwer, Scha (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Abstract: In Stochastic Tree Substitution Grammars (STSGs), a parse(tree) of an input sentence can be generated by (exponentially) many derivations.
		Each of these derivations is the result of a different combination of STSG elementary-trees and therefore receives a distinct probability; the probability of the parse is defined as the sum of the probabilities of all derivations which generate that parse.
		, which contains the tree pairs of all the derivations that can be formed.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /101585.html (605 words)

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