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	Tree fern - LoveToKnow Garden
		One of many kinds of tree fern, Dicksonia antarctica, soft tree fern, also called Hardy or Tasmanian, is native to southeastern Australia and Tasmania.
		When a tree fern is stressed by high temperatures, drought or too much light, it is vulnerable to thrips, tiny insects that feed on the plant’s juices.
		The center of the tree fern is a starchy vegetable that can be eaten or used as live stock fodder.
	garden.lovetoknow.com /wiki/Tree_fern (0 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Australian Tree Fern
		Australian Tree Fern (Cyathea cooperi), also known as the Lacy Tree Fern, is a medium-to-large, fast growing tree fern native to Australia.
		As a new fern frond is formed, it is tightly curled so that the tender growing tip of the frond (and each subdivision of the frond) is protected within a coil.
		In the case of many fronds, such as that of the Australian tree fern in the picture at right, long hairs or scales provide additional protection to the growing tips before they are fully uncoiled.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Australian-Tree-Fern (542 words)

	Tree fern
		Tree ferns are found growing in tropical and subtropical areas, including cool to temperate rainforest in Australia, New Zealand and neighbouring regions (eg Malaysia, Lord Howe Island[?] etc).
		Like all ferns, tree ferns reproduce by means of spores formed on the undersides of the fronds[?].
		If the crown of a tree fern is damaged it will inevitably die because that is where all the new growth occurs (Tree fern trunks rarely fork).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/tr/Tree_fern.html (225 words)

	fern. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The ferns and their relatives (e.g., the club moss and horsetail) are the most primitive plants to have developed a true vascular system (see plant).
		Ferns reproduce by an alternation of generations (see reproduction), the fern itself being the sporophyte, which produces asexual spores.
		In most ferns the sporangia (spore-bearing sacs) are borne in clusters (called sori), which appear as brown dots or streaks on the underside of the leaves.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fe/fern.html (701 words)

	Tree Fern - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tree Fern, tall fern that resembles a tree, found in warm regions throughout the world.
		The tree fern has a woody trunk, known as a caudex, which is...
		The 'samambaia'...is a giant fern, big as a tree, and there are toads as big as your hat and snails as big as bread and butter plates, and during...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Tree_Fern.html (147 words)

	Tree Ferns
		This is the largest of Hawaii's endemic tree ferns distinguished from the other species by the reddish or fl bristly growth along the full length of the frond stem.
		The tree ferns are being decimated by the commercial uses of the trunk as potting media, decorative uses, shade for anthuriums, and for the nursery trade.
		This is another of the endemic species of tree ferns characterized by the soft brownish-yellow cotton-like growth on the stem fronds.
	www.hilozoo.com /plants/PO_tfern.htm (325 words)

	Rainforest Realm:Treefern (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The tree fern is so big it can go up to the Understory and sometimes up to the Canopy.
		A dwarf tree fern can be only twenty four inches in height and one inch in diameter.
		The tree fern is such a distinctive plant and became a national symbol in New Zealand.
	library.thinkquest.org /5087/Treefern.htm (123 words)

	Cyatheales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the plants formally known as tree ferns comprise a group of large ferns belonging to the families Dicksoniaceae and Cyatheaceae in the order Cyatheales.
		Tree ferns are found growing in tropical and subtropical areas, including cool to temperate rainforests in Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Lord Howe Island, and other island groups nearby; a few genera extend further, such as Culcita in southern Europe.
		Like all ferns, tree ferns reproduce by means of spores developed in sporangia on the undersides of the fronds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tree_fern (524 words)

	Tree Fern - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Fern, common name for any of a division of cryptogamous (spore-producing) plants.
		The 'samambaia'...is a giant fern, big as a tree, and there are toads as big as your hat and snails as big as bread and butter plates, and during...
		- large tropical fern: a fern that grows to the height of a tree and has a crown of fronds.
	encarta.msn.com /Tree_Fern.html (171 words)

	TREE FERNS (NEW ZEALAND) LIMITED LIVE TREE FERNS
		At present we are unable to export Cyathea spp due to new regulations that have restricted the export of Tree ferns with roots.
		This tree fern is ideal for that residential landscaping project or containerised for your conservatory.
		This tree fern can be supplied in trunk lengths from 30cm (1’) up to 4 metres (13’) and is ideally suited to a more sheltered and warmer planting site.
	www.newzealand-garden-products.com /PAGES/liveferns.html (921 words)

	TREE FERN
		Tree ferns naturally grow in damp conditions and revel in having their trunks soaked at regular intervals.
		I have recently given my tree ferns less protection than I used to in winter, I now allow the crown to fill with oak leaves that fall in profusion from a nearby tree in autumn forming an insulating layer to protect the young crosiers.
		If you don't have an obliging tree nearby a handful of straw pushed into the crown with the arrival of frost should surfice, but be aware that if the temperature turns really cold you will have to supply additional insulation including the whole trunk, horticultural fleece or similar is normally sufficient.
	www.zero35.freeserve.co.uk /tfern/treefern.htm (459 words)

	Tre ferns 1: Alsophila (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These tree ferns have both hairs and scales on the fronds; the scales have smooth margins or are ciliate with a single prominant spine at the tip.
		Sporangia contain 16 spores and sori are positioned away from the frond margins in one row either side of the midrib.
		Alsophila colensoi (syn., Cyathea colensoi) mountain tree fern, creeping tree fern The trunks of this endemic tree fern are prostrate or erect, up to 1 m tall.
	www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz /info/schools/nzplants/fern_treefern_1.htm (304 words)

	! Rainforest Ferns ! Tropical Rainforest, Far North Queensland Australia
		Although ferns were among the earliest vascular plants (algae, lichens, mosses and liverworts are all classified as non-vascular plants) they were not the only ones.
		Tree ferns have been here since the dinosaurs but the modern species are only small versions of their ancestors.
		The Scaly Tree fern (Cyathea cooperi) is an attractive and characteristic tree fern with its node scars (scales) covering its narrow trunk and horizontal crown of feathery fronds.
	rainforest-australia.com /ferns.htm (1355 words)

	tree fern - Encyclopedia.com
		Update the garden with ferns; Adding a tree fern is a sure fire way of adding a modern touch to your garden, but this fashion accessory can be expensive, warns Roger Clarke Dicksonia Antarctica, the soft tree fern, unfurls its fronds watched by Pan.(Gardening)
		The fern understory as an ecological filter: growth and survival of canopy-tree seedlings.
		The fern understory as an ecological filter: emergence and establishment of canopy-tree seedlings.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-treefern.html (417 words)

	American Fern Society Spore Exchange
		The ferns were at their height during the Carboniferous Period (the age of ferns) as they were the dominant part of the vegetation at that time.
		The Sporangia are the reproductive structures of the ferns and fern allies.
		Ferns and their allies were the dominant form of vascular plant until the Mesozoic Era (the age of the Dinosaurs) when seed bearing plants came into prominence.
	amerfernsoc.org /lernfrnl.html (1386 words)

	Cold-hardy Tree Ferns Page
		These are called "epiphytic ferns" and are usually small, found commonly on mossy trees in rainforests.
		A tree fern is simply a case of the rhizome being very long and strong enough to support itself.
		A relatively small genus of magnificent tree ferns from Central America, Hawaii and Southeast Asia; not formerly included because they are generally not particularly cold-hardy.
	www.angelfire.com /bc/eucalyptus/treeferns (0 words)

	Australian Tree Fern- Maui County Priority Pest
		Australian tree fern is widespread on Maui, but is currently only known to grow in a few locations on Molokai (see map.) This tree fern grows up to 12 m (40 ft) tall or more.
		Sori (clusters of spores) on middle of the pinnae, or fern leaflet divisions.
		The native Hawaiian tree fern, Hapuu, has BLOND to RED COLORED HAIRS along the base of the trunk and POWDERY WHITE SORI (clusters of spores) on the EDGE of the pinnae.
	pbin.nbii.gov /reportapest/maui/pestlist/cyacop.htm (260 words)

	Orchid Mounting Mediums, Virgin Cork Bark, Tree Fern, Cypress
		Tree Fern provides excellent aeration, is long lasting and great for mounting orchids.
		Tree Fern Plaques are cut from the external root system of the Tree Fern trunk which grows in the mountains of Central America’s rain forest.
		These are necessary for mounting your orchids to Virgin Cork Bark or to Tree Fern Totems and Plaques.
	www.tindaraorchids.com /mediums_mounts.htm (331 words)

	Asparagus Tree Fern - Floral - Denver Plants
		Tree Fern is available year round in bunches of 10 stems.
		as the tiny leaves of "Tree Fern" could decompose and introduce bacteria into the vase water.
		Tree Fern is actually related to the Asparagus spears that we eat.
	www.denverplants.com /floral/html/asparagus_tree_fern.htm (176 words)

	San Diego Fern Society Fern Catalog
		A neat fern with clumps of bright green fronds that are densely woolly on the underside., this fern grows to be 8-16 inches tall.
		This fern, or rather a group of ferns known as the D. Affinis complex, are the subject of much research and debate among the botanists.
		Hovenkamp, P.H. A Monograph of the Fern Genus Pyrrosia
	www.sdfern.com /ferncat.htm (14226 words)

	San Antonio Botanical Garden 555 Funston San Antonio Texas - Conservatory/Fern Room (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A boardwalk carries you under two-story Tree Ferns, a foggy canopy for the smaller ferns and "aroids" (elephant ear-like plants with large and interestingly colored leaves).
		Ferns, ranging in size from tiny floating water ferns 1/4 inch long to the tree ferns of the topics up to 82 feet tall, include over 15,000 species.
		Some ferns are climbers, and many are epiphytes, living at various levels from just above the ground to the canopy of the forest.
	www.sabot.org /garden/conservatory/fern.htm (1159 words)

	Tree ferns 2: Sphaeropteris (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These tree ferns have scales on the fronds with numerous sharp spines.
		Sporangia contain 64 spores and sori are positioned away from the frond margins in one row either side of the midrib.
		Sphaeropteris medullaris, (syn., Cyathea medullaris) fl tree fern, mamaku, korau A very large tree fern forming dense groves in moist, protected areas of the bush.
	www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz /info/schools/nzplants/fern_treefern_2.htm (153 words)

	Fern Valley FAQs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because the majority of leaves that fall in Fern Valley are either from American Beech (Fagus grandiflora) or Oak trees (Quercus spp.), the growth of many wildflowers was suppressed by their thick, slow-to-decompose leaf litter.
		Fern Valley displays a denser array of wildflowers and shrubs than you would encounter in many natural oak beech woodlands.
		There are a few additional oaks in Fern Valley that seem to be the same age as that fallen giant, like another tree that fell a few years earlier and had an annual ring count of 240.
	www.usna.usda.gov /Gardens/collections/fern_faqs.html (1430 words)

	Tree Ferns (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These impressive tree ferns are one of the oldest plants in the world and their fascinating appearance will soon catch the heart of any gardener.
		The fern grows at a rate of about 3.5 to 5 centimetres per year and produces spores at the age of about 23 years.
		Ensure your imported tree ferns are accompanied by a an environmental tag with a serial number.
	www.letsgogardening.co.uk /Information/EG/plants/Dicksonia.htm (378 words)

	Mr. Fern - Dicksonia Antarctica (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is one of the most popular tree ferns grown as a foliage plant in the world as it is so adaptable and versatile.
		This tree fern prefers to be planted in a position with shade or part shade and protection from hot, drying winds.
		The harvested tree fern is resistant to physical damage and can withstand long periods of storage in nurseries or shipping containers.
	www.mrfern.com.au /dickson.htm (249 words)

	The tree fern Psaronius
		Psaronius is an extinct tree fern that lived during the Late Carboniferous and the Permian.
		The base of the trunk of the tree fern is often thickenend because of the broad root mantle.
		Especially the silicified root mantles yield, after sawing and polishing, beautiful images because of the fact that the woody kernel of the rootlets is star-shaped.
	www.xs4all.nl /~steurh/engpsar/epsaron.html (744 words)

	The New Zealand Fern Company Exporting Ground and Tree Ferns Internationally
		An attractive medium sized tree fern with a slender brown trunk.
		A beautiful tree fern with quite a thick hairy trunk producing large soft yellow fronds.
		This is the New Zealand National Symbol, and is a Majestic tree fern with mature fronds up to 3 meters (10 ft) long having a distinctive silvery colour underside.
	www.nzfernz.co.nz /treefern.htm (328 words)

	::Dicksonia: Tree Fern Warranty::
		All tree ferns should be afforded some protection from exposure from wind.
		Tree ferns should be watered through the crown only during the summer months.
		Tree ferns are an evergreen plant but depending on the severity of the winter the will defoliate at around -7 Celsius.
	www.dicksonia.com /index.php?id=437 (330 words)

	! Scaley Tree Fern ! Tropical Rainforest, Far North Queensland Australia
		Although all seven are found in the uplands, only two, the scaly, or Cooper’s, tree fern (Cyanthea cooperi) and fl tree fern (Cyanthea rebeccae) are found in the tropical lowlands.
		The most common and most widespread, the scaly tree fern, is also the largest, growing to a height of 15m with a 30 cm thick trunk.
		If the tree fern is knocked over these can grow into the ground and develop as normal roots.
	www.rainforest-australia.com /Scaly%20Tree%20Fern.htm (381 words)

	Monrovia - TASMANIAN TREE FERN (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A lovely fern having dark green fronds with a fine lacy texture.
		Perfect Fern for bringing down high walls in enclosed gardens, atriums and walled courtyards.
		Most attractive when grouped into a Fern dell, which is refreshing in hot climates.
	www.monrovia.com /PlantInf.nsf/269905a1fb059eb48825683c0080938a/35d197dc8087fe8c8825684d007135b0!OpenDocument (233 words)

	New Zealand Tree Fern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The New Zealand Tree Fern (Dicksonia squarrosa) is a medium-sized tree fern with a tall, slender brown trunk.
		This fern produces few fronds, all of which sprout in almost horizontal fashion.
		The New Zealand Tree Fern is quite hardy and tolerant to sun and some wind, but is best suited to a site with partial shade and minimal wind.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Zealand_Tree_Fern (274 words)

	Tree Fern - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tree Fern - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Tree Fern, common name for any arborescent (tree-like) fern with a trunk-like structure, but more technically any member of several families of...
		is a giant fern, big as a tree, and there are toads as big as your hat and snails as big as bread and butter plates, and...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Tree_Fern.html (135 words)

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