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Topic: Trehalose

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	Trehalose - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar formed from two glucose units joined by a 1-1 alpha bond giving it the name of α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside.
		Trehalose is metabolized by a number of bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, the common oral bacteria responsible for oral plaque.
		Trehalose is the major carbohydrate energy storage molecule used by insects for flight.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trehalose (462 words)

	TREHALOSE
		Examination of the trehalose concentration in the renal artery and vein of rabbits indicated that it was hydrolysed efficiently in the kidneys (Demelier et al., 1975).
		For adults, the predicted intake of trehalose from all proposed uses except chewing-gum was 7.2 g/day at the mean of consumption and 16 g/day at the 90th percentile.
		Trehalose is hydrolysed to glucose by the enzyme trehalase, which is located in the intestinal mucosa, and the small amount of intact trehalose that may be absorbed is metabolized by trehalase in the blood plasma, the liver, or the kidney.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v46je05.htm (7450 words)

	Trehalose
		Trehalose exhibits the same technological properties as sucrose with a relative sweetness of 40-45% of that of sucrose.
		Trehalose is hydrolysed by the enzyme trehalase in the small intestine into two glucose molecules which are absorbed and metabolized.
		Trehalose is found naturally in plants, invertebrates, fungi and microorganism and is therefore present at low levels in a variety of foods available on the marketplace (bread, beer and wine, honey, mushrooms, etc.).
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /fn-an/gmf-agm/appro/nf-an119decdoc_e.html (1049 words)

	Trehalose, H3
		Trehalose is a disaccharide (two sugar) molecule composed of two smaller glucose molecules linked together.
		(Trehalose was easily administered to the mice by putting the sugar in their drinking water.) The differences between the mice treated with trehalose and the untreated mice are thus far encouraging.
		The prospect of using trehalose as a treatment for HD is very exciting because it is known to be generally safe and can be taken orally.
	www.stanford.edu /group/hopes/treatmts/pbuildup/h3.html (982 words)

	Thermoplastic shaped-body of trehalose, process and uses thereof - Patent 6808651
		The more the trehalose content in the thermoplastic shaped-bodies of trehalose obtained by forming with other substances, the more they are preferably used since trehalose present in the shaped-bodies generally improves the stability of relatively-unstable functional substances and effective ingredients such as the aforesaid vitamins, lipids, proteins, effective substances, and physiologically-active substances.
		C., corresponding to a trehalose solution with a moisture content of about 3.0%, is remarkably inhibited by coexisting substances capable of lowering the adhesion of trehalose solution, for example, oils and fats such as safflower oil and salad oil, and saccharides such as maltitol and lactitol.
		The resulting reaction mixture, containing 85.6% trehalose, d.s.b., was heated to inactivate the remaining enzyme, and according to conventional manner, purified by decoloration and desalting, and concentrated into a 45% syrup, i.e., a relatively-low reducing saccharide syrup enriched with trehalose.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6808651.html (6502 words)

	Calorie Control Council \| Reduced-Calorie Sweeteners: Trehalose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Ingested trehalose is hydrolyzed to glucose and absorbed in the small intestine.
		In addition, trehalose protects and preserves cell structure in foods and may aid in the freezing and thawing process of many food products by assisting in the maintenance of the desired texture of the food.
		Applications: Trehalose may be used in beverages, including fruit juices, purees and fillings, nutrition bars, surimi, dehydrated fruits and vegetables, and white chocolate for cookies or chips.
	www.caloriecontrol.org /trehalose.html (272 words)

	Pfam 20.0 : Trehalose_PPase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Trehalose is a common disaccharide of bacteria, fungi and invertebrates that appears to play a major role in desiccation tolerance [1].
		Trehalose is a common disaccharide of bacteria, fungi and invertebrates that appears to play a major role in desiccation tolerance.
		Analysis of the otsBA operon for osmoregulatory trehalose synthesis in Escherichia coli and homology of the OtsA and OtsB proteins to the yeast trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase complex.
	pfam.wustl.edu /cgi-bin/getdesc?name=Trehalose_PPase (264 words)

	New insights on trehalose: a multifunctional molecule -- Elbein et al. 13 (4): 17R -- Glycobiology
		for trehalose as the substrate, and was inactive on cellobiose,
		Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide of glucose that is widespread
		Giaever, H.M., Stryold, O.B., Kaasen, I., and Strom, A.R. (1988) Biochemical and genetic characterization of osmoregulatory trehalose synthesis in Escherichia coli.
	glycob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/13/4/17R (7816 words)

	Trehalose Is a Potent PCR Enhancer: Lowering of DNA Melting Temperature and Thermal Stabilization of Taq Polymerase by ...
		Trehalose Is a Potent PCR Enhancer: Lowering of DNA Melting Temperature and Thermal Stabilization of Taq Polymerase by the Disaccharide Trehalose, -- Spiess et al.
		Trehalose Is a Potent PCR Enhancer: Lowering of DNA Melting Temperature and Thermal Stabilization of Taq Polymerase by the Disaccharide Trehalose,
		Shown is the amplification curve from the real-time PCR of mOT-R with increasing concentrations of trehalose and the commonly used PCR additive betaine in the PCR cocktail.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/50/7/1256 (2047 words)

	Increase of internal ion concentration triggers trehalose synthesis associated with cryptobiosis in larvae of ...
		Increase of internal ion concentration triggers trehalose synthesis associated with cryptobiosis in larvae of Polypedilum vanderplanki -- Watanabe et al.
		input of the stimulus for trehalose synthesis and its accumulation.
		Clegg, J. The origin of trehalose and its significance during the formation of encysted dormant embryos of Artemia salina.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/13/2281 (2936 words)

	Role of trehalose phosphate synthase and trehalose during hypoxia: from flies to mammals -- Chen and Haddad 207 (18): ...
		Role of trehalose phosphate synthase and trehalose during hypoxia: from flies to mammals -- Chen and Haddad 207 (18): 3125 -- Journal of Experimental Biology
		Elbein, A. and Mitchell, M. Levels of glycogen and trehalose in Mycobacterium smegmatis and the purification and properties of the glycogen synthetase.
		Trehalose: a review of properties, history of use and human tolerance, and results of multiple safety studies.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/207/18/3125 (3140 words)

	References - trehalose - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology - Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture - ...
		Giaever HM, Styrvold OB, Kaasen I, Strom AR 1988 Biochemical and genetic characterization of osmoregulatory trehalose synthesis in Escherichia coli.
		Marechal LR 1984 Transport and metabolism of trehalose in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
		Welsh DT, Reed RH, Herbert RA 1991 The role of trehalose in the osmoadaptation of Escherichia coli NCIB-9484: interaction of trehalose, K+ and glutamate during osmoadaptation in continuous culture.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/referen/trehal.htm (3433 words)

	A Single-Amino-Acid Change of the Gustatory Receptor Gene, Gr5a, Has a Major Effect on Trehalose Sensitivity in a ...
		Trehalose sensitivity was measured by the two-choice preference
		Solid and open circles indicate the trehalose sensitivity of lines with adenine and guanine, respectively, at position 926.
		, 2001 Trehalose sensitivity in Drosophila correlates with mutations in and expression of the gustatory receptor gene Gr5a.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/167/4/1749 (3209 words)

	Electron Transfer Kinetics in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers Embedded in Trehalose Glasses: Trapping of Conformational ...
		Trehalose is a disaccharide found in large amounts in organisms that can survive conditions of extreme dehydration and high
		Both parameters are shown as a function of the wt% of trehalose (lower scale) and of the molar ratio water/reaction center (upper scale).
		Trehalose and sucrose protect both membranes and proteins in intact bacteria during drying.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/82/2/558 (6166 words)

	Trehalose Accumulation during Cellular Stress Protects Cells and Cellular Proteins from Damage by Oxygen Radicals -- ...
		trehalose accumulation and markedly increased the viability of
		Assay of Trehalose-- Trehalose was extracted from yeast cells and assayed as described previously (22, 36).
		The data on trehalose content upon exposure of MG132 (A, upper panel) and after removal of MG132 (B, upper panel) are from Lee and Goldberg (22).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/26/24261 (5111 words)

	Trehalose-Enhanced Fluidity of the Goat Sperm Membrane and Its Protection During Freezing -- Aboagla and Terada 69 (4): ...
		Role of trehalose in ascopores of Neurospore tetrasperma.
		Woelders H, Matthij A, Engel B. Effects of trehalose and sucrose, osmolality of the freezing medium, and cooling rate on viability and intactness of bull sperm after freezing and thawing.
		Effect of sucrose, trehalose, hypotaurine, taurine, and blood serum on survival of frozen bull sperm.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/69/4/1245 (4114 words)

	Trehalose Mediated Growth Inhibition of Arabidopsis Seedlings Is Due to Trehalose-6-Phosphate Accumulation -- ...
		Trehalose Mediated Growth Inhibition of Arabidopsis Seedlings Is Due to Trehalose-6-Phosphate Accumulation -- Schluepmann et al.
		Trehalose accumulating in the cytosol may be toxic.
		Attfield PV (1987) Trehalose accumulates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during exposure to agents that induce heat shock response.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/135/2/879 (6407 words)

	Disruption of the Candida albicans TPS2 Gene Encoding Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase Decreases Infectivity without ...
		Trehalose metabolism might be an interesting target for antifungals.
		Trehalose hydrolysis is not required for human serum-induced dimorphic transition in Candida albicans: evidence from a tps1/tps1 mutant deficient in trehalose synthesis.
		Quantification of trehalose in biological samples with a conidial trehalase from the thermophilic fungus Humicola grisea var.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/4/1772 (5496 words)

	Is trehalose-6-phosphate a regulator of sugar metabolism in plants? -- Eastmond et al. 54 (382): 533 -- Journal of ...
		G-6-P is glucose-6-phosphate, UDPG is uridine-5-diphosphoglucose, T-6-P is trehalose-6-phosphate, TRE is trehalose, TPS is trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, TPP is trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, and HXK is hexokinase.
		An unexpected plethora of trehalose biosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis thaliana.
		Trehalose induces the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene, ApL3, and starch synthesis in Arabidopsis.
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/382/533 (2376 words)

	trehalose - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Trehalose : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Trehalose : Drug Discovery and Development [home, info]
		Phrases that include trehalose: maltooligosyl trehalose synthase, trehalose mycolyltransferase
	www.onelook.com /?w=trehalose (183 words)

	Mouse Sperm Desiccated and Stored in Trehalose Medium Without Freezing -- McGinnis et al. 73 (4): 627 -- Biology of ...
		for trehalose to afford protection in the dried state [10].
		Crowe JH, Crowe LM, Oliver AE, Tsvetkova N, Wolkers W, Tablin F. The trehalose myth revisited: introduction to a symposium on stabilization of cells in the dry state.
		Role of trehalose phosphate synthase and trehalose during hypoxia: from flies to mammals.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/73/4/627 (4547 words)

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