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	Trekboer Biography on DanceAge
		The Trekboers were nomadic pastoral descendants of Dutch settlers, French Huguenot refugees, German Protestants, Frisians and smaller numbers of Belgians, Scandinavians, Scots, Irish, as well as some Indian slaves and a mixture of Khoi and Malay, due to absorption into the nascent Boer nation.
		The Trekboers were semi-nomadic subsistence farmers who began trekking eastwards into the interior in order to find better pastures/farm lands to graze as well as to escape the autocratic rule of the Dutch East India Company, which administered the Cape.
		A number of Trekboers settled and establish themselves in the eastern Cape where their descendants were soon known as Grensboere (Border Farmers), or later simply known as Boers (which is Dutch for "farmer") and spoke a language which was called "die taal"—though later classified as Eastern Border Afrikaans or East Cape Afrikaans.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Trekboers (600 words)

	Trekboer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Trekboers were descendents of Dutch settlers, French Huguenot refugees, German Protestants, Friesians and smaller numbers of Belgians, Scandinavians, Scots, also some Indian slaves due to intermarriage, and an a mixture of Khoi and Malay due to absorption into the nascent Boer nation.
		The Trekboers began migrating from the areas near Cape Town, Paarl, and Stellenbosch during the 1690s and into the expanding eastern Cape frontier throughout the 1700s.
		The Trekboers were semi-nomadic farmers also simply known as Boers (which is Dutch for "farmer") and spoke a language called Eastern Border Afrikaans.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Trekboer (570 words)

	Trekboer - Definition, explanation
		The Trekboers were descendants of Dutch settlers, French Huguenot refugees, German Protestants, Friesians and smaller numbers of Belgians, Scandinavians, Scots, also some Indian slaves due to intermarriage, and an a mixture of Khoi and Malay due to absorption into the nascent Boer nation.
		The Trekboers began migrating from the areas near Cape Town, Paarl, and Stellenbosch during the 1690s and into the expanding eastern Cape frontier throughout the 1700s.
		The Trekboers were semi-nomadic farmers also simply known as Boers (which is Dutch for "farmer") and spoke a language called Eastern Border Afrikaans.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/t/tr/trekboer.php (435 words)

	Trekboer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Trekboers were semi-nomadic farmers also known as border farmers or simply known as Boers (which is Dutch for "farmer") and spoke a language called Eastern Border Afrikaans.
		During the nineteenth century both Trekboers (Afrikaans speaking migrants from the 1600s and 1700s who trekked into the eastern frontiers) and Voortrekkers (Afrikaans speaking pioneers who trekked into the interior during the 1830s and 1840s) were simply called Boers.
		While the term Trekboer has now become obsolete: there is still a cultural, linguistic (accents and some terms), and geographic difference between the Boers of Voortrekker, Trekboer, and Republican descent to those who are of Cape Dutch (as they were called mainly by trekking Boers) or Western Cape descent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trekboers (441 words)

	Cape Dutch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Meanwhile, their pastoralist trekking cousins, the Trekboers, were migrating away from the Western Cape carving out a distinct culture and dialect with a strong desire for independence.
		The term Cape Dutch is believed to have been coined by Trekboers to illustrate the fact that the Cape Dutch did not share the Trekboers' culture and interests or desire for independence.
		When the Voortrekkers (mainly descendants of Trekboers) embarked on a series of mass migrations later known as the Great Trek, it was ridiculed and derided by the Cape Dutch believing that not much would come of it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cape_Dutch (408 words)

	Trekboer - enyclopaedia article about Trekboer
		The Trekboers were descendents of Dutch colonists / French Huguenot refugees / German Protestants and smaller number of Belgians / Scandinavians / Scots (& also some Indians and Khoi due to intermarriage and aborption) who began migrating from the area near Cape Town during the 1690s and into the eastern Cape frontier throughout the 1700s.
		Some Trekboers resist British legislation in 1815 which leads to a rebellion at Slagters Nek in which the British execute some of the Boer leaders of the rebellion.
		While the term Trekboer has become obsolete: there is still a cultural / linguistic (accents and some terms) and geographic defference between the Boers of Voortrekker / Trekboer / Republican descent to those who are of Cape Dutch (as they were called mainly by trekking Boers) / Western Cape descent.
	www.pro-researcher.co.uk /encyclopaedia/english/trekboer (326 words)

	Trekboers: Chapter 1 of 'The Great Trek'
		It would be entirely wrong to regard the trekboers as members of an exotic civilisation transplanted to the South African interior: these new-comers had become as much a part of Africa as its indigenous people and as the Bantu who, all unknown to them, were at the same time migrating southwards down the continent.
		Certainly in the trekboers it bred the tight cohesiveness of those who have lived on the dangerous frontiers of European expansion into the wilds, and this is perhaps as strong a tie as can unite any community.
		The trekboers' slow advance through the extremity of Africa may have been sporadic and casual but it went on with the inevitability of an incoming tide, each individual trekker party representing a wavelet which lapped across another section of the wilds.
	www.ourcivilisation.com /smartboard/shop/ransford/chap1.htm (4225 words)

	Trekboer - TheBestLinks.com - Trekboers, Afrikaans, Britain, British, ...
		Trekboers, Trekboer, Afrikaans, Britain, British, Boer, Voortrekkers, Huguenot...
		The Trekboers were descendents of Dutch settlers / French Huguenot refugees / German Protestants and smaller numbers of Belgians / Scandinavians / Scots and also some Indian slaves due to intermarriage / and an admixture of Khoi and Malay due to absorption into the nascent Boer nation.
		While the term Trekboer has become obsolete: there is still a cultural / linguistic (accents and some terms) and geographic defference between the Boers of Voortrekker / Trekboer / Republican descent to those who are of Cape Dutch (as they were called mainly by trekking Boers) / Western Cape descent.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Trekboers.html (455 words)

	Trekboer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Trekboers were nomadic pastoral descendants of Dutch settlers, French Huguenot refugees, German Protestants, Frisians and smaller numbers of Belgians, Scandinavians, Scots, as well as some Indian slaves and a mixture of Khoi and Malay due to absorption into the nascent Boer nation.
		The Trekboers were semi-nomadic subsistence farmers who began trekking eastwards into the interior in order to find better pastures / farm lands to graze as well as to escape the autocratic rule of the Dutch East India Company which administered the Cape.
		Trekboers tended to live in the wagons in which they traveled rarely remaining in one location for a long period of time.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DTrekboer%26type%3Den (642 words)

	South Africa - Establishing a Slave Economy
		Trekboers (semi-migrant farmers of primarily Dutch, German, and French ancestry; more commonly known as Boers--see Glossary) played a key role in the eighteenth century in the expansion of the settlement and in the growth of frontier conflict.
		Trekboers raided the herds of the Khoikhoi and seized control of the springs on which pastoralists and hunter-gatherers alike depended for water, while Khoikhoi and San counterraided the herds of the Trekboers.
		Their continuing expansion was blocked by a number of barriers: by aridity 500 kilometers north of the Cape peninsula, by hunter-gatherer raiders in the northeast, and, most important, by large numbers of Bantu-speaking farmers (Xhosa) settled roughly 700 kilometers to the east of Cape Town and just south of the Great Fish River.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-12080.html (2298 words)

	Nguni Imports Presents: Virtual Africa
		For example, the Trekboers took the liberty of claiming unbranded cattle as "wild" and adding them to their own herds (a major offence among peoples who consider cattle a form of wealth).
		The Trekboers were confident this would be one of many land grants from the Zulu and probably did not even realize that many of the celebrants were in full battle regalia.
		To the Trekboers and their simple code of Biblical justice, this was the ultimate outrage: a sneak attack under the guise of peace.
	www.nguni.com /culture/virtualafrica/sageneral/conquest.html (4577 words)

	Great Trek - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It began in 1835 as an attempt to escape the recently imposed British rule, its Anglicisation policies and the constant border wars, as well as to ease pressure on an overcrowding frontier where land was becoming scarce.
		The vast majority of Voortrekkers were Trekboers from the eastern Cape who engaged in pastoralism.
		The Great Trek was mainly the result of the "bursting of the dam" of pent up population migration and population pressures, as Trekboer migrations eastward had come to a virtual stop for at least three decades (though some Trekboers did migrate beyond the Orange River prior to the Great Trek).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Trek (373 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Meanwhile, their pastoralist trekking cousins, the Trekboers, were migrating away from the Western Cape carving out a distinct culture and dialect with a strong desire for independence.
		The term Cape Dutch is believed to have been coined by Trekboers to illustrate the fact that the Cape Dutch did not share the Trekboers' culture and interests or desire for independence.
		When the Voortrekkers (mainly descendants of Trekboers) embarked on a series of mass migrations caused by the invading Britans later known as the Great Trek.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Cape_Dutch (395 words)

	2 VOC period
		When trekboers saw land they wanted and if no whites already claimed it or were in possession, then they felt at liberty to claim it and take possession regardless of the fact that Khoikhoi might already be occupying and using it.
		In this way the Khoikhoi were driven out, or once dispossessed of their cattle, reduced to becoming labour for the trekboers; if they submitted, they would be allowed to keep some cattle, in return for providing labour services.
		Trekboers did not recognise equal rights before the law; indeed, they tended to make their own law.
	husky1.stmarys.ca /~wmills/course322/2VOC_period.html (6544 words)

	18 White Settlers in South Africa
		It was said that trekboers did not like to be able to see smoke from a neighbour’s farm.
		In trekboer society, this was a terrible situation and fate.
		The latter regarded the Trekboers as rather wild, semi-barbarous frontiersmen and the sense of common identity was limited and incomplete; the westerners followed the Trek with interest and probably with a good deal of sympathy, but they certainly did not see the trekkers as the saviours of some mystical ‘nation’.
	husky1.stmarys.ca /~wmills/course316/18White_Settlers.html (5347 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the 1830s and 1840s an estimated 12,000Voortrekkers penetrated the future Natal, Orange Free State and Transvaal provinces to put themselves beyond the reach of Britishauthority, in order to escape relentless border wars, British colonialism and its Anglicization polices, as well as to easepressure on an overcrowding frontier where land was becoming scarce.
		Nevertheless,the British promulgation of Ordinance 50 in 1828, which guaranteed equal rights before the law to all "free persons of color",was indeed a factor in Boer discontent, as is well documented by numerous contemporary sources; the various republics founded bythe Voortrekkers while prohibiting slavery itself would all enshrine inequality by race into their constitutions.
		During the Great Trek they fought with the Zulus (after Voortrekker leaders Piet Retief and Gerhard Maritz, along with almost half of their followers, werekilled by Dingaan and his warriors after initially signing a land treaty with them), who at the time occupied the areas the Boerswere trekking into.
	immune-system-help.com /british/trek/boer.html (630 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Cape Colony: Conflict between trekboers and the indigenous population escalates into a full-blown skirmish as the Khoikhoi are systematically and with violent means robbed of their land and livestock.
		Cape Colony: In an attempt to contain the expansionist lawlessness and movement of the trekboers and to enforce payment of rent on the leningplaatsen, the VOC revises the land tenure system.
		Cape Colony: Trekboers reach the Swartkops River to the east and Bruintjieshoogte to the north.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/chronology/mainframe-1700.htm (2464 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Establishing A Slave Economy - South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Trekboers (semi-migrant farmers of primarily Dutch, German, and French ancestry; more commonly known as Boers--see Glossary) played a key role in the eighteenth century in the expansion of the settlement and in the growth of frontier conflict.
		Trekboers raided the herds of the Khoikhoi and seized control of the springs on which pastoralists and hunter-gatherers alike depended for water, while Khoikhoi and San counterraided the herds of the Trekboers.
		Demand for the same resources--land and water--brought Trekboers and Xhosa into conflict, and a series of frontier wars erupted in 1779 to 1781, and in 1793.
	www.exploitz.com /South-Africa-Establishing-A-Slave-Economy-cg.php (2437 words)

	Mmegi Online \| Opinion/Letters
		The region did not favour crop cultivation and therefore Trekboers were at an advantage because of their guns.
		Serious attacks were in 1715 1739, 1747 and 1750 All the attacks were repelled by Trekboer commandos mercilessly each time.
		Finally our proud uprooted community thus escaped northward and reached a desert which the Trekboers could not reach as they were halted by aridity.
	www.mmegi.bw /2007/January/Tuesday9/150222770588.html (463 words)

	South Africa - History - Hotel Near (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As their lives became disrupted and living by traditional means became impossible, the Khoisan began to prey on the cattle and sheep of the trekboers.
		The trekboers responded ruthlessly by hunting down the San as vermin, killing the men and often taking women and children as slaves, bringing them to virtual extinction in South Africa.
		While in the west of the country white trekboers were migrating from the Cape Colony, in the east equally significant movements were under way.
	www.hotelnear.com /152/531g/South_Africa-History.html (9587 words)

	Baxter's EduNET - Time Machine
		The Dutch East India Company, which ran Cape Town as a resupply base for their ships on the long voyages to the spice islands in southeast Asia, was not interested in expansion in Africa.
		The trekboers lived in small villages or isolated farms, raising large herds of cattle--in this way their way of life had many similarities with the Bantu peoples of South Africa.
		Khoi clans not assimilated by the Bantu are conquered by the trekboers by the 1760s.
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/timemachine/250saf.html (587 words)

	Trekboers - Frontier Farmers in the Western Cape
		The advance of the trekboers was supported by another, and stronger assault, that of smallpox that spread from a ship in the harbour to decimate Khoi populations, hastening their decline.
		In the 1770s groups of Khoisan 400 strong succeeded in driving trekboers from large tracts of land in the Karoo and from the area of Graaff-Reinet.
		As the trekboers continued to spread east, they eventually came into contact with the Xhosa and warfare broke out in 1779 and again in 1793 over control of grazing land to the west of the Fish river.
	www.capetown.at /heritage/history/voc_frontier_art.htm (657 words)

	[No title]
		The trekboers learnt to supply their own needs and became independent of the Cape Town market.
		Here the trekboers were halted and there began in our history a century of warfare between Boer and Bantu on the so-called eastern frontier.
		The trekboers were the pioneers who blazed the trail and opened up the country for civilization.
	www.selfdrivesa.com /articlepeo.doc (1188 words)

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