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Topic: Trepanation

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	trepanation
		Trepanation is the process of cutting a hole in the skull.
		In the past, trepanation was used either to relieve pressure on the brain caused by disease or trauma, or to release evil spirits.
		She claims the trepanned are better prepared to fight neurosis and depression and less likely to become prone to alcoholism and drug addiction.
	skepdic.com /trepanation.html (559 words)

	Gusii trepanation - Traditional Music & Cultures of Kenya
		Trepanation in the narrowest sense, making a hole in the intact skull, is still carried out there by two Bantu tribes, the Kisii (Gisii or Gusii) or South Nyanza in Kenya, and, to a lesser extent, the Tende (Kuria) farther south and into Tanzania.
		Trepanning in the Kisii highlands is done primarily for the complaint of headache (ogwatigwa omotwe; head, omotwe; ache or pain, ogwatigwa) after an injury to the head, with or without fracture of the skull.
		Trepanation is not ordinarily done for headache without previous head injury, and the operation is not customary for psychosis, epilepsy, dizziness or spirit possession.
	www.bluegecko.org /kenya/tribes/gusii/trepanation.htm (2118 words)

	Trepanation in ancient times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As late as the nineteenth century trepanations were performed in south-western Yugoslavia and northern Albania (Russu and Bologa) in cases of skull trauma and in nervous and mental diseases; and in the case of a blood feud where a person was marked for revenge the latter could escape by voluntary submission to this operation.
		The trepan was already in use at the time of Hippocrates and was held either between the palms and rotated by rubbing the hands together or rotated by a cross-piece and thong (Littré).
		The trepanned opening was washed with water of the unripe coconut, plugged with a piece of bark cloth and then covered with part of the inner bark or leaf of the banana palm which had been held over a fire.
	www.trepanationguide.com /trepanation_in_ancient_times.htm (8739 words)

	Trepanation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trepanation has been carried out for both medical reasons and mystical practices for a long time: Evidence of trepanation has been found in prehistoric human remains from Neolithic times onwards, per cave paintings indicating that people believed the practice would cure epileptic seizures, migraines, and mental disorders.
		Trepanation, which is also known as trephining, trephinning, or trepanning, refers to the surgical practice of removing a small piece of bone from the skull, generally to relieve pressure on the brain.
		However, the book led to controversy when it was discovered that the author was not a monk from Tibet as claimed, but a man named Cyril Henry Hoskins who had been born in Devon in the UK.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trepanation (1177 words)

	Article on Trepanation
		The founder of the trepanation movement is a Dutch savant, Dr Bart Hughes.
		Skulls of ancient people all over the world give evidence that their owners were skillfully trepanned during their lifetimes, and many of these appear to have been of noble or priestly castes.
		The medical practice of trepanation was continued up to the present century in treatment of madness, the hole in the skull being seen as a way of relieving pressure on the brain or letting out the devils that possessed it.
	www.ee0r.com /trepan.html (2060 words)

	e.Peak (27/5/2002) features: Ancient Medical Practice Opens Minds
		Trepanation, the oldest known surgical procedure in the world, is touted as a solution to the headspace problem.
		By trepanning the skull of a healthy adult, his or her brain is allegedly relieved of routine pressure says the Trepanation Trust, a research and support group founded by Amanda Feilding, a conceptual artist who trepanned herself in 1971.
		Trepanation is alternative because there has been no scientific basis for it, he says, noting that mainstream medicine grew out of its spiritual element in the 1800s.
	www.peak.sfu.ca /the-peak/2002-2/issue4/fe-trepanation.html (2450 words)

	Medical and Alternative Trepanation
		Trepanation, in medical terms, is a surgical procedure on the head.
		It is estimated that at least 40% of treated patients died because of infection and sepsis; not the procedure itself.
		Trepanation performed by non-medical or non-trained individuals is dangerous.
	www.geocities.com /trepanationz (422 words)

	Trepanation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Trepanation is the act of drilling, cutting, or scraping a hole into the skull.
		I was inspired to consider trepanation at first by hearing of it through a few friends who took interest in it for reports they were working on and through a desire to decrease regular headaches.
		I have heard accounts of older persons who were trepanned to cure some problem or after a car accident or whatnot, and people have noticed that these certain older people are still more active, vital, and generally happy than their peers of the same age.
	www.bmezine.com /news/people/A10101/trepan (6495 words)

	Neolithic Surgery
		Trepanation is a surgical operation that involves the removal of a rectangle or disk of bone from the cranial vault.
		In trepanation the section of bone may be extracted with flint or metal blades by drilling a series of small holes, making intersecting incisions, or scraping through the bone.
		The larger trepanation appears to have been produced by intersecting incisions, and the smaller one may have been made in the same way.
	www.he.net /~archaeol/9709/newsbriefs/trepanation.html (307 words)

	Trepanation
		Trepanation is the fine art of boring a hole in the skull in order to release the pressure of imbalanced bodily humours, or to allow brain tissues to "pulsate" freely, or to increase the flow of blood to the brain by creating an outtake valve, or possibly just to let the demons out so they'llstoptalkingtalkingalwayswiththevoicesscreamingatmeandtellingmetokillkillkillkill...
		Trepanation is the oldest known surgical technique, perhaps only by virtue of the fact that soft tissues decay while skulls fossilize.
		Trepanation was used to treat virtually every disease or disorder that involved the head or the mind, and a few others for good measure.
	www.rotten.com /library/medicine/quackery/trepanation (1050 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Style Live: Style: Style Showcase
		The word "trepan" comes from the Greek trypanon, meaning "a borer." According to John Verano, a professor of anthropology at Tulane University, trepanation is considered the oldest surgical practice, still performed medically worldwide and ceremonially by some African tribes today.
		Trepanned skulls are frequently excavated by archaeologists, and many have several holes – often several centimeters wide – indicating that the trepanation was successful and the patient survived.
		Mellen's own trepanation experience was messy, to put it mildly, as recounted in his book "Bore Hole." He began with a hand trepan, like a corkscrew with a ring of teeth.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/style/features/trepan.htm (3077 words)

	The Straight Dope: What's the story on trepanation?
		Trepanning, also known as trephination, is the art of boring a hole in the skull for medical, mystical, or, God help us, recreational purposes.
		A woman on the ITAG site says of her trepanned husband, "He does not appear to be so confused when more than one thing comes at him at once anymore." Listen, lady, one wants to have an open mind, as it were.
		The leading theorist of modern trepanation is Bart Huges, a Dutch research librarian who came up with a concept called "brainbloodvolume." Huges's idea is that when we're babies our skulls are soft (ever watch a newborn's forehead throb?), allowing our brains room to breathe and grow.
	www.straightdope.com /columns/020906.html (762 words)

	astrology TOMORROW today - MI - Trepanation
		Trepanation, by the way, is an ancient procedure that involves the removal of a chunk of one's skull.
		Trepanned skulls, many of which have several holes a few centimeters wide, are frequently excavated by archaeologists -- indicating that the trepanations were successful and the patients survived.
		So trepanation is said to reverse this loss of blood volume and provides the feelings one gets from standing on one's head for 10 minutes or from sustained aerobic activity.
	meinah.tripod.com /MI/trepanation.html (1190 words)

	Trepanation - an alternative medicine approach towards mental well being (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Trepanation is the practice of making a hole in the skull in order to improve the brain pulsations and hence the overall well being.
		Trepanation is the oldest surgical procedure practiced by mankind.
		Trepanation was practiced on every continent through every time period and by every race of mankind until the advent of brain surgery in this century.
	www.trepanationguide.com (852 words)

	Salon \| The hole story
		Throughout history, the trepanning tool has developed dramatically, evolving from a crude hunk of sharpened flint in prehistoric times to a hand-cranked auger in the first century to, nowadays, an electric drill.
		Trepanation is performed, for example, to evacuate hemorrhages and to relieve pressure in the cranial cavity caused by cerebral ulcers.
		Nowadays Halvorson is a tireless crusader for trepanation.
	www.salon.com /health/feature/1999/04/29/trepanation/print.html (1705 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Trepanation
		The act of trepanation is basically the drilling of a hole in the skull.
		The basis of trepanation, in modern thinking, is to relieve pressure and swelling in the brain, but also to introduce more oxygen into the skull.
		Trepanation is not considered an advisable course of action by common medical science for anything except serious cranial damage and brain swelling.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A471287 (527 words)

	Being Made Hole
		A third reason for trepanning is religious, where the rondelles, or disks of bone from the skulls, were collected and used for charms and talismans which were believed to have power to protect the wearer from illness and accidents.
		Trepanation is performed in America only to relieve acute pressure on the brain, usually caused by a blow to the head (3).
		Trepanation supposedly reverses the blood loss by expanding the blood vessels in the brain, allowing them to supply more oxygen and glucose to brain tissue as well as speedily remove toxins (7).
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /biology/b103/f02/web1/ctraversi.html (1257 words)

	Self-surgery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I drew the trepan out and the gurgling continued.
		Their webpage [1] includes MRI images of trepanned brains.
		In the 1984 film The Terminator, the android title character, played by Arnold Schwarzenegger, removes a defective eye using an exacto knife in a gory scene at a bathroom sink.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Self-surgery (1118 words)

	Holes! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Skulls of ancient >> people all over the world give evidence that their owners were skill >> fully trepanned during their lifetimes, and many of these appear to >> have been of noble or priestly castes.
		The medical practice of >> trepanation was continued up to the present century in treatment of >> madness, the hole in the skull being seen as a way of relieving >> pressure on the brain or letting out the devils that possessed it.
		The spike was meant >> to be driven into the skull, holding the trepan steady until the >> revolving saw made a groove, after which it could be retracted.
	www.eskimo.com /~billb/hole.html (2331 words)

	bOING bOING DIGITAL
		An ancient practice called trepanation that, he was promised, would yield a permanent "high" similar to the sensation of lengthy yoga headstands.
		Trepanation, he claims, increases the volume of blood in the brain's capillaries.
		Still, Halvorson--whose healed-over 3/8 inch trepanation hole is still noticeable as a small dent in the skin of his noggin--is convinced that trepanation is a trip worth taking.
	boingboing.net /trepan.html (715 words)

	Crank Dot Net \| trepanation
		A trepan is the instrument used for making a hole in the skull bone.
		They went home the same day and told their friends that they were now trepanned adults.) Trepanation is the oldest surgical procedure practiced by mankind.
		The purpose of trepanation is to give the closed skull of the adult an expansion window and thereby to restore the full pulsation which was lost when the skull sealed.
	www.crank.net /trepanation.html (394 words)

	Transatlantic Review Trepanation Interview - Bart Huges / Joe Mellen
		My problem is how to explain to the adult that he has too little blood in his brain to understand, if he has too little blood in his brain to understand that.
		H: Increased efficiency in social operations, the restriction of activity to the essential, and with the restoration of originality and creativity to the adult rapid progress in technology.
		Trepanation, by restoring the blood lost in the course of growth removes the main cause of fear.
	joern.free.de /luck_hole.html (2790 words)

	Trepanation, Spirituality and Loneliness
		In early documented incarnations, trepanation existed as a cure for mental illness - it was believed that mental illnesses were the result of demons living within the skull, and thus a hole was made in the skull through which these demons could escape.
		I argue that the existence of the modern practice of trepanation as a route to spiritual awakening is excellent evidence of this fact.
		The individuals who have undergone trepanation are - I would venture to say without exception - individuals for whom the pursuit of higher consciousness has been a life-long endeavor; having found that other routes, such as the consumption of hallucinogens, were unsatisfactory, they eventually came upon trepanation.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /biology/b103/f03/web3/l1kallich.html (1503 words)

	Damn Interesting » The Hole Story on Trepanation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		During the middle ages it was thought the procedure was able to liberate demons from the heads of the possessed and, later on, “enlightened” Europeans did it to cure maladies ranging from meningitis to epilepsy.
		Trepans have evolved from crude sharpened stones in the Neolithic age to hand cranked augers in the dark ages to electric drills used today.
		Clinical trepanation is performed, for example, to evacuate hemorrhages and to relieve pressure in the cranial cavity caused by cerebral ulcers.
	www.damninteresting.com /?p=393#more-393 (1754 words)

	www.myspace.com/trepanationrocks
		trepanation – the act of boring a hole into the skull.
		The constant barrage of 32nd notes, detuned keys, and off-set times are a few of their many signatures that reaches right into your mind; pulls you along, but you’re happy to go.
		The tone of Trepanation’s music is set in a modern politically influenced world.
	www.myspace.com /trepanationrocks (512 words)

	Find Trepanation at myEweb.com
		Trepanation is the practice of making a hole in the skull.
		Trepanation is the practice of making a hole in the skull in order to improve the brain...
		Two men are charged with practicing medicine without a license after they drill holes in a woman's head to cure her chronic fatigue and depression.
	myeweb.info /web/index.php?qry_str=Trepanation (184 words)

	Trepanation
		Neither is it apparent why people who "unseal" their skulls for "psychic buoyancy" feel that their rationale for doing this is buttressed by the discovery of trepanned skulls around the world.
		Perhaps not a great deal if we judge by the fact that in 2000 she felt the need to repeat the trepanation.
		But maybe she had gotten a boost in intellect from the original hole because this time she found a neurosurgeon in Mexico City to drill her skull.
	www.quackwatch.org /01QuackeryRelatedTopics/trepanation.html (1120 words)

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