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Topic: Trial trenching

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	Northamptonshire Archaelogical Society: Hunsbury Hillfort
		Three trial trenches were excavated within the hillfort by volunteers from the Northamptonshire Archaeological Society, directed by Dr Martin Tingle, primarily to confirm the position of the quarry edge.
		Comparing the results of the trial trenching with the location of the quarry edge that was assumed from nineteenth century records, it appears that the surviving area is larger than had been previously imagined.
		The maximum surviving height of the rampart in the trenches dug in 1952 and 1988 was 1.8m.
	www.jwaller.co.uk /nas/Hunsbury_Hillfort.htm (2556 words)

	PPG 16
		This evaluation may involve non intrusive methods such as a desk-based study or geophysical survey and/or a more direct method such as trial trenching.
		This may involve a full strip map and sample excavation, further trenching or an archaeological watching brief which involves an archaeologist monitoring groundworks for the new development and recording any finds or features revealed.
		All forms of archaeological investigation undertaken through PPG 16 are funded by the developer through an extension of the Polluter Pays principle, although this is not made explicit in the document itself.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/ppg_16 (824 words)

	Northamptonshire Archaelogical Society: Fieldwork Reports, November 2000
		Desk-based assessment and small-scale trial trenching by Northamptonshire Archaeology.
		Five trial trenches were opened by Northamptonshire Archaeology to evaluate the potential of this development site which lies within the precinct of the Augustinian Friary.
		Trial trenching located the possible northern and eastern ditches of an enclosure tentatively dated to the Iron Age.
	www.jwaller.co.uk /nas/fieldwork_reports/nov2000.htm (2248 words)

	Welcome to Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Trial excavation by CFA in 1998 found the heavily paved main street of the medieval village.
		Trial trenching by Headland Archaeology beside the old well in the burgh of High Airth (NS 8981 8730) showed that 19th century landscaping of the area had been extensive.
		A sewer trench emerged from the south-west corner of the Roman fort and on the berm joined up with a timber-lined cesspit, some 2.8m in diameter and 0.8m deep.
	www.falkirk.gov.uk /cultural/museums/arch_2.htm (2472 words)

	New Evidence
		Certainly the resistivity indicated possible anomalies and whilst the trial trenching failed to locate a building line this is not unusual where it is unusual for trial trenching to hit anything of substance.
		Trial trenching is a hit and miss exercise designed to sample an area to establish whether more work should be done.
		Whilst it might appear that these stones are something to do with the manor house, it is possible that they sit in a trench, because the alignment is in a north/south direction in a trench that may connect with the eastern line of the old castle wall.
	www.secretsofthenormaninvasion.com /corresp/wessex9.htm (2437 words)

	Bornish 1997 interim report: previous work (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The previous three years had focused on trial trenching all three mounds to characterise the date and nature of the deposits in each mound (Fig 1).
		In 1994 (Parker Pearson and Webster 1994) a trench 20 m by 2 m was cut through mound 2 and revealed two Norse buildings surrounded and infilled by artefact rich midden layers.
		In 1996 (Sharples 1996) a trench originally 20 m by 2 m was excavated across mound 1 revealing the remains of a single much modified house which cut through deposits dating to the Late Iron Age period (5th to 6th centuries AD).
	www.cf.ac.uk /hisar/archaeology/reports/hebrides97/previous.html (303 words)

	Evidence in Person 12
		A row of six small stake holes in Trench 22 with sixteen Early Bronze age sherds of pottery almost on the marsh where the Norman boats are located.
		In trench 41 there is the remnants of a hearth, confirming my belief that iron smelting or other activities on this nature took place in that area of land next to Monkham Wood, since the trench had a spread of charcoal and 33 sherds of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pottery and other indeterminate sherds.
		English Heritage had written to me earlier in the year stating that the object of the trial trenching was not to prospect for Normans.
	www.secretsofthenormaninvasion.com /corresp/conclus.htm (3126 words)

	Gloucester Annual Report 1993 - 4
		Trench 6 was cut at the northern end of trench 1 to confirm the condition of the medieval layers.
		Three trenches were excavated by machine to a depth of 1.5 metres to allow for the insertion of shoring and then hand excavated to the natural ground surface.
		These layers, observed in both sections of the trench, are interpreted as remains of part of a roughly east west aligned inner turf wall, revetting the core of a dump constructed rampart.
	www.glos-city.gov.uk /libraries/templates/page.asp?URN=1008 (9902 words)

	Converted WP file par (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The trial court found that the relationship was merely one of referral in that when prospective clients contacted Acme, Acme would refer them to Wilson and in return, Wilson would pay Acme a commission fee.
		In that case, we held that trenching is not intrinsically dangerous, nor is it probable that trenching will cause injury to others unless due precaution is taken.
		Id. In the present case, the activity involved was trenching and the harm was the cave-in and McDaniel's resultant death, and the Estate again points to the relevant statistics to show that Acme should have foreseen the probability of a cave-in.
	www.state.in.us /judiciary/opinions/archive/04149901.par.html (2436 words)

	APPARITOR - LoveToKnow Article on APPARITOR
		This neutralizing one obsolete and barbarous process by another called the :ention of the legislature to the subject, and appeal in criminal res, along with trial by battle, was abolished in 1819.
		The claims of the church to gross appeals in matters trenching on the temporal rights of inces led to continual conflicts between church and state, minated in England at the reformation by the suppression in ~4 of appeals to Rome, which had previously been discouraged legislation of Edward III.
		In temporal, as distinct from spiritual matters, it became stomary for ambitious sovereigns to encourage appeals from I courts of the crown vassals to themselves as represented by supreme judges, and Charlemagne usually enjoys the credit having set the example of this system of centralization by :ablishing missi dominici.
	16.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AP/APPARITOR.htm (2446 words)

	Design Specification for archaeological recording at Willington, Derbyshire
		Further trial trenching showed archaeological deposits to be present in most parts of the development area.
		In one trench (at the eastern end of Zone 4) a linear deposit of clay similar to the alluvial clay that had been removed by machine was investigated and found to fill a ditch like feature.
		Areas of higher archaeological potential were defined on the basis of the trial trenching, limited cleaning and excavation of features.
	www.eng-h.gov.uk /archcom/projects/summarys/html98_9/cc2517.htm (2074 words)

	In re GEAUGA TRENCHING CORP., Debtor. Ronald LIPSHIE, Trustee for Geauga Trenching Corp., Plaintiff, v. AM CABLE TV ...
		Recently, in a bankruptcy proceeding, the United States Supreme Court held a defendant is entitled to a Seventh Amendment trial by jury on a cause of action that was legal in nature despite Congress' denomination of such proceeding as a core where the defendant had not filed a proof of claim against the bankruptcy estate.
		While the court believes that the request for a jury trial indeed may be relevant in resolving a motion to withdraw reference, the court declines to dispose of the request at this time, since the ultimate trier of fact should determine whether to assemble a jury for the trial." (footnote omitted)).
		The right of trial by jury as declared by the Seventh Amendment of the Constitution or as given by a statute of the United States shall be preserved to the parties inviolate.
	www.vtb.uscourts.gov /opinions/published/110br638.html (10188 words)

	CBA Wales Newsletter 28
		Trial trenching was undertaken to establish the line of the moat, which was found to curl around the edge of the castle, rather than extend to the edge of the river.
		Also included in the trial trenching was the area along the riverbank to assess this for occupation since a number of areas of rubble were visible in the river adjacent to possible stonewalls in the side of the riverbank.
		A single trial trench was initially excavated across the bank in March and it was found to cover a series of timbers forming a walkway about 1.5m wide.
	pages.britishlibrary.net /cba.wales/Newsletters/newsletter28/newsletter28.html (3614 words)

	ULAS - Archaeological Services, University of Leicester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Initially, archaeological monitoring was carried out during topsoil stripping for a tunnel, beneath the road, linking the new quarry with the existing one, a haul road and new areas allocated for extraction and landscaping.
		This was followed by trial trenching and excavation of features found by geophysical survey to the south-west of the monument.
		Trial trenching and excavation were carried out in two further areas of the quarry extension, targeting features located by geophysical survey, including a ring ditch and a small rectangular enclosure.
	www.le.ac.uk /ulas/annualreports/ar2001/husbos/husbos.html (1263 words)

	St Kilda - Consultation Draft Management Plan
		This year a trench was excavated along the entire length of the west gable wall and across the street, while a smaller trench was excavated along the north (back) wall.
		The small trench excavated against the back wall also contained material and deposits that may be contemporary with the occupation of the house.
		A small trench (0.35m wide) was excavated by hand across the wallhead of Blackhouse X at its north-east corner.
	www.kilda.org.uk /ArchaeologistRep03.htm (2963 words)

	Birmingham Archaeology - Rural & Urban Evaluation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The number of experienced field staff employed by Birmingham Archaeology enables it to deploy teams at short notice to carry out evaluations of all sizes, whilst the wide range of in-house specialists available ensures that all aspects of the evaluation report can be dealt with rapidly and efficiently.
		Evaluations carried out by Birmingham Archaeology range in scale from a single trench excavated in a day, to large projects in advance of major greenfield developments employing multiple techniques and covering many hectares.
		An integrated evaluation of the archaeological potential of a new road route, combining documentary research, air photograph interpretation, surface artefact collection, earthwork survey, geophysical survey, auger survey and trial trenching.
	www.arch-ant.bham.ac.uk /bufau/services/eval.htm (353 words)

	Finavon oblong fort (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Newbarns, near Inverkeilor: The second season of a programme of trial trenching was carried out to the west of Newbarns Farm.
		Eleven trenches were excavated: three within the scheduled area and eight outside it.
		This sub-rectangular enclousre was discovered during the trial trenching but its date remains unknown.
	www.arcl.ed.ac.uk /arch/fschool/fsch99/newb99.htm (197 words)

	Gloucester Annual Report 2002
		Trenches 1 and 2 at the south west and west end of the site showed deep deposits of modern material that appear to have been associated with the construction and subsequent demolition of part of the Victorian terrace.
		Trenches 4 and 5 showed evidence of linear features, which may be associated with the Roman fort as well as some skeletal material at depths of between 1.2m and 1.6m from the surface.
		Trial trenching was restricted to areas identified for development.
	www.glos-city.gov.uk /libraries/templates/page.asp?URN=2473 (4378 words)

	GIS Map Details
		Several trial trenches were opened to the S of the Abbey precinct to help locate some of the monastic buildings that were to be fully uncovered in 1984.
		Following the partial excavation of 1936-37 and the trial trenching of 1983, during the summer of 1984 most of the abbey's claustral area was excavated, including: the cloister garth; East Range; West Range; frater; and extensive trenches beyond those ranges.
		Similarly, within a 5m by 2.2m trench in the nave, there were no structural remains, merely disturbed burials and recent artefacts within modern debris at least 0.7m deep.
	www.rcahms.gov.uk:7777 /pls/portal/newcanmore.details_gis?inumlink=57020 (1894 words)

	Singapore Power Kicks Off PLC Market Trial
		The aim of the trial is to provide a realistic environment for SP Telecommunications to test out the actual technical implementation of PLC and to gain a better insight of the various business and operation processes on a larger scale.
		Another objective of this market trial is to seek customer feedback and gauge user acceptance from the different segments of the end-user market.
		After a few disappointing trials in the late 1990s, the use of PLC technology is steadily gaining widespread acceptance throughout the continent.
	www.internetnews.com /xSP/article.php/8_1007621 (874 words)

	Pipe Trenching Machines by Trencher Center .com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		OES currently own and operate 8 post trenching machines that have trenched 52 pipelines in 12...
		1979 Deepest pipe trench (3 metres) in a...
		Trenching system machines for fiber optic ducts, electrical or gas lines, as well as underground drainage.
	www.trencher-center.com /pipe-trenching-machines.html (270 words)

	Rose Cottage, Tylers Green, Penn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		An archaeological evaluation comprising a desk-based assessment and trial trenching was undertaken on land at Rose Cottage, Tylers Green, Buckinghamshire in June 2001.
		An archaeological test pit and a single trial trench were excavated.
		Two structures were present in the trial trench, namely a post-medieval kiln and a building constructed of tile built walls.
	www.archaeological-services.co.uk /300_399/312.html (134 words)

	Archaeology Review 1996 - 97 : 4.19 Publications
		Each site was fieldwalked and trial trenched to obtain dating evidence during 1996 and 1997.
		Hand augering and trial trenching revealed deep alluvial and colluvial sequences, which were sampled for environmental evidence.
		The limited trial trenching at these two sites has not revealed any indication of their presence, nor has the more extensive excavation of a similar site at Boreham.
	www.eng-h.gov.uk /archrev/rev97_8/essecrops.htm (617 words)

	Pre-Construct Archaeology - Departments - Operations Department - Evaluations
		PPG 16 also states an Evaluation is “normally a rapid and inexpensive operation, involving ground surveys and small-scale trial trenching.
		An evaluation may involve non-intrusive techniques such as landscape survey or geophysical survey, but more usually requires a number of trenches to be excavated across the footprint of the proposed redevelopment.
		The number and sizes of the trenches may vary from site to site but usually comprise between 4 and 10% of the footprint area.
	www.pre-construct.com /Depts/Evals.htm (373 words)

	Northamptonshire Archaeology
		He is experienced in the use of GIS systems, and works with GPS for the setting out and plotting of geophysical surveys and excavation areas.
		He joined NA in 2001 and has been employed on a variety of urban and rural sites covering most periods, as well as building recording, desk-based assessments and trial trench evaluations.
		He joined NA in 2003 and has worked on various projects including the A34/M4 Chieveley junction improvements in 2003-4 and watching briefs and trial trench evaluations in Warwickshire and Norfolk.
	www.northantsarchaeology.co.uk /team?cat=3 (1557 words)

	R. v. Edwards Books and Art Ltd., 1986 CanLII 12 (S.C.C.)
		My understanding is that the principals of this company are of the Jewish faith and accordingly my understanding is that their Sabbath day would be on a Saturday.
		21 There was evidence at trial that Paul Magder's store was located within a tourist exemption area known as "Chinatown West" designated by the municipality of Metropolitan Toronto under s.
		The relevant by-laws of Metropolitan Toronto, which form part of the record, indicate, however, that furriers are not exempted from the Act.
	www.canlii.com /ca/cas/scc/1986/1986scc75.html (16990 words)

	[No title]
		The applicant has now undertaken the appropriate archaeological investigation by digging trial trenches and the findings of their archaeologist from Durham University have been produced and received.
		Alternatively, the ditch could be present within the area immediately to the south of the archaeological trenches, alongside the boundary wall and in an area heavily disturbed by services.
		As only a small portion of the line of the ditch was evaluated by trial trenching due to the presence of standing buildings.
	www.newcastle.gov.uk /cab2003.nsf/57dc6634edbc20fa80256ddd005cb069/8e1172d3a12a691f80256e3f004ff6f8!OpenDocument (4693 words)

	BAJR Message Board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		To the developer it is often an open-ended and potentially costly expense; to the archaeologist it frequently provides a frustrating glimpse of something to which more time should be given.
		Normally a watching brief is adopted following earlier forms of evaluation, such as a desk-based assessment and trial trenching.
		If the trial trenching has not found anything then fair enough (providing the trenches were properly located in the first place).
	www.bajr.org /BAJRForum/post.asp?method=ReplyQuote&REPLY_ID=297&TOPIC_ID=19&FORUM_ID=3 (2043 words)

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