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Topic: Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire

	Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City on March 25, 1911, was a major industrial disaster, causing the death of more than one hundred garment workers who either died in the fire or jumped to their deaths.
		The Triangle Shirtwaist Company had already become well-known outside the garment industry by 1911: the massive strike by women shirtwaist makers in 1909, known as the Uprising of 20,000, began with a spontaneous walkout at the Triangle Company.
		The death toll was 146; 91 died in the fire and 54 died in falls.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Company_fire (998 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911
		At the time of the fire the only safety measures available for the workers were 27 buckets of water and a fire escape that would collapse when people tried to use them.
		Upon finding that they could not use the doors to escape and the fire burning at their clothes and hair, the girls of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, aged mostly between 13 and 23 years of age, jumped 9 stories to their death.
		The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911 still remains one of the most vivid and horrid tragedies that changed American Labor Unions and labor laws.
	www.csun.edu /~ghy7463/mw2.html (1410 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Trial of 1911: A Chronology
		A fire prevention expert writes a letter to Triangle Shirtwaist management suggesting that they hold a meeting to discuss improved safety measures, but the letter is ignored.
		A Triangle Shirtwaist worker stuck in water in the bottom of an elevator shaft is rescued by fire fighters.
		Isaac Harris and Max Blanck, co-owners of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, are indicted for manslaughter in connection with the fire deaths.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/triangle/trianglechrono.html (698 words)

	College Literature: Fire poetry on the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of March 25, 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire took the lives of 146 workers, 20 men and 126 women; the average age was nineteen.
		Poetry about the Triangle Fire presents a different vein of working-class literature, one that, although located in a specific historical place and time, involves writers who are from varying regions of the country, are of different races and ethnicities, and do not necessarily come from a family background of garment workers.
		I am suggesting that the Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire of March 25, 1911 and the newspaper accounts, photographs, and narratives contemporaneous with the fire, tap a collective memory of class oppression and injustice-especially for women.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3709/is_199710/ai_n8769623 (1112 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		It occurred on 25 March 1911 in the Asch building at the northwest corner of Washington and Greene streets, where the Triangle Shirtwaist Company occupied the top three of ten floors; five hundred women were employed there, mostly Jewish immigrants between the ages of thirteen and twenty-three.
		Panicked workers rushed to the stairs, the freight elevator, and the fire escape.
		The owners of the company were charged with manslaughter and later acquitted but in 1914 were ordered by a judge to pay damages of $75 each to the families of twenty-three victims who had sued.
	www.francesfarmersrevenge.com /stuff/archive/oldnews3/triangle.htm (1527 words)

	An Essay about Triangle Fire Poetry--by Janet Zandy
		The Triangle Company resisted the five month strike with violence, lock outs, and scabs, and was the exception to a general victory by the shirtwaist makers.
		She alludes to The Triangle fire ("like a beast at the feast/They have stricken the least"), but hope rather than tragedy is her focus.
		The sewing at Triangle was not privatized; rather it is apt example of a shift in the conditions of women's concrete labor practices to an abstracted labor system of exploitation of the many for the profit of the few.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/m_r/pinsky/zandy.htm (7488 words)

	ZNet Commentary
		She was the last living survival of the horrific Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911.
		In tribute to her co-workers and friends who were killed in the fire, Bessie became a lifelong union supporter and activist dedicating herself to work on behalf of organized labor and for worker health and safety.
		While there is little labor history taught in US school, the Triangle Shirtwaist company fire is one of the few incidents students point to when asked to identify an event in US labor history.
	www.zmag.org /ZSustainers/ZDaily/1999-03/mar9_1999.htm (1202 words)

	History, First Hand- Triangle Fire
		The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire was a catalyst for reform.
		In 1909, an incident at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory sparked a spontaneous walkout of its 400 employees.
		With fire doors locked on several floors, the elevators insufficient and fire escape blocked, many women turned to their only means of escape, the windows.
	www.ecfs.org /Projects/Fieldston57/triangle (1017 words)

	RW ONLINE:The Women of the Triangle Fire
		Firings were common for even minor infractions, even for staying home sick--and especially for any connection with the energetic socialist organizing efforts in the ghettos.
		There had never been a fire drill--few workers even knew there was a fire escape that descended the narrow vertical air shaft in the very center of the building.
		The owners of Triangle Shirtwaist Company, the largest manufacturers of the tailored women's blouses (which were called "shirt waists"), hired strikebreakers and waited to starve out the workers.
	www.rwor.org /a/v21/1040-049/1046/triangle.htm (2767 words)

	The LHRIC celbrates Women's History Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The fire burned thru her clothing and she fell to the sidewalk and was killed.
		The fire was coming up from the eighth floor and in getting from the ninth to the eighth her hat and her hair were burned She doesn't know how she got to the eighth; maybe she fell.
		She fell from the eighth to the sixth floor on the fire escape and then she was carried down to the street and taken to Bellevue Hospital, where there were many of her companions.
	www.lhric.org /wh/wh3.html (884 words)

	NPR - Weekend All Things Considered: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
		Rose Freedman was the last living survivor of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire.
		That's where the company executives worked, and she figured they would have a way to escape.
		After almost a century, she found herself back in the spotlight as the oldest survivor of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire.
	www.npr.org /programs/watc/features/2001/010325.triangle.html (267 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Fire at the Triangle Factory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On March 25, 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Company went up in flames, killing 146 workers, some of whom were as young as 14.
		I was interested to spot this children's book dealing with the infamous Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of March 25, 1911, in which 146 workers were killed.
		The fire and its aftermath take up half the story and the manner in which the two young girls escape the fire certainly rings true; indeed, Littlefield based her story on the account of actual survivors.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0613682319 (1066 words)

	THE LAST SURVIVOR OF THE 1911 TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE
		The fire damaged the steel support beams that carry both sides of I-95 over an avenue, causing the overpass, which was new, to sag several feet.
		The Chicago Fire Department fought a truckload of magnesium on fire under a concrete overpass.
		Seventy years ago, when prefire planning was generally unknown, the New York City Fire Department developed very specific preplans to get water as soon as possible onto fires on the East River bridges, recognizing the vulnerability of the unprotected steel.
	www.wiskus.com /news.htm (713 words)

	Reader's Companion to American History - -TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One of the nation's worst industrial tragedies, the Triangle Shirtwaist fire had a profound impact on women's unionism and job safety and affected local and national politics in the process.
		The blaze killed 146 workers who were trapped by the lack of fire escapes and management's practice of locking all the exits to keep workers from leaving the job for breaks.
		The fire led to stepped-up efforts on the part of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, which had been founded in 1900 to organize the women who worked in the Triangle factory and improve working conditions in sweatshops.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/rcah/html/rc_086800_triangleshir.htm (281 words)

	Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire
		On March 25, 1911, a fire broke out in a New York City sweatshop run by the Triangle Shirtwaist Company.
		The fire started on the eighth floor of the Asch Building just east of Washington Square Park and quickly spread upward to the two top floors of the building.
		Fire truck ladders, then able to reach only six stories, were of little help, and the building's overloaded fire escape collapsed.
	www.britannica.com /women/articles/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Company_fire.html (139 words)

	Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It is suspended by a gut or nylon loop and struck with a steel rod.
		With fire, they were able to cook their food so that it was easier to eat and tasted better.
		In the United States alone, in 1981, 6,800 people died in some of the almost 3 million fires that occurred and the cost of damaged or destroyed property was estimated at nearly 7 billion dollars.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9073330 (794 words)

	nmah sweatshop exhibition -- traingle shirtwaist fire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On March 25, 1911, a fire broke out in the Triangle Shirtwaist Company on the eighth floor of the Asch Building in the heart of New York City's garment district.
		The fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company factory became a national symbol of business neglect and abuse.
		Although hazardous working conditions in the garment industry had been the focus of numerous investigations, labor strikes, and public demonstrations throughout the late 19th century, it took the fire to galvanize public resolve for workplace regulation and ongoing vigilance.
	americanhistory.si.edu /sweatshops/history/trifire.htm (139 words)

	Rose Freedman & the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		The last survivor of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire in which 146 of her co-workers perished in 1911, died on Thursday, February 22, 2001 in her apartment in Beverly Hills, Calif., her daughter said.
		She became a lifelong crusader for worker safety telling and retelling the story that the Triangle workers died because the owners were not concerned with their welfare.
		The disastrous factory fire, in which girls and young women leapt from eighth- and ninth-story windows, their flaming skirts billowing in the wind, horrified the nation and led to some of the first city, state and federal laws dealing with workers' safety.
	www.injuredworker.org /Letters/Rose_Freedman.htm (1254 words)

	Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		By the time Engine Company 72 arrived from 12th Street (only 6 blocks away) they had trouble maneuvering their hose wagon into position since they didn't want to grind the already six limp forms lying in the street.
		The distraught fire fighters pulled out a life net and attempted to catch one girl but three more hurled themselves immediately after the first and all four bounced out hitting the concrete.
		The 10th floor, which was where the showroom and the pressing of the shirtwaists took place, first received the message of a fire over the teleautograph which relayed messages between floors.
	www.ezl.com /~fireball/Disaster11.htm (1852 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Trial
		The bodies of seamstresses, who jumped from the factory floors of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company to avoid being burned alive, lie outside the building.
		Triangle employee William Bernstein grabbed pails of water and vainly attempted to put the fire out.
		In the thickening smoke, as several men continued to fling water at the flames, the fire spread everywhere--to the tables, the wooden floor trim, the partitions, the ceiling.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/triangle/trianglefire.html (168 words)

	NPR : The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
		A pivotal case in point is the fire at a New York City clothing factory almost a century ago.
		The "Triangle Fire" started on an upper floor of the high-rise factory building in Greenwich Village on a Saturday afternoon in March 1911.
		The other exit was blocked by fire, the elevators couldn't run, the fire escape had collapsed...
	www.npr.org /display_pages/features/feature_1416870.html (539 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The one fire escape at the rear of the building collapsed, killing many and cutting off that route of escape.
		The owners of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company were tried for manslaughter but acquitted.
		Three years after the fire, a court ordered the owners to pay $75.00 to each of twenty-three families who had sued for the loss of family members.
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /snpim3.htm (558 words)

	NIOSH Director John Howard shares view of future with ASSE PDC Attendees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		And New York City's Triangle Shirtwaist Company became synonymous with workplace safety negligence when a fire in 1911 killed 146 workers—123 of them young women—as they were getting ready to leave for the day.
		Some 90 years after the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire, 2,886 workers in New York City died on September 11 th 2001 from fire, or from an intentional fall, or from structural collapse—also, all within a short period of time.
		After the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911, many dramatic social and political changes occurred throughout the United States, including improvements in emergency response and workplace fire safety.
	www.asse.org /gov_affairs_pdc04_howard.htm (3682 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire — Part II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911 remains one of the most vivid and horrible tragedies in American labor history.
		At the time of the fire, few regulations existed that would have saved the lives of those who were killed.
		At the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, the tragedy had been inevitable: floors were littered with flammable materials; narrow staircases were located in drafty, vertical wells; doors opened inward at the landings, if they opened at all; and no sprinklers had been installed.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/labor_history/25386 (450 words)

	No Way Out: Two New York City Firemen Testify about the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		In this brief excerpt from their testimony before the Factory Investigation Commission, New York City Fire Chief Edward F. Croker and Fire Marshall William Beers commented on the safety lapses—the locking of an exit door, the inadequate fire escapes, and the overcrowded factory floor—that led to the deaths of the Triangle workers.
		I found the fire escape on the rear of the building, which was the only one, and was entirely inadequate for the number of people employed in that building.
		All fires are of the same size at the start, and I think the loss and damage would be a great deal less by having available apparatus.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/57 (904 words)

	The Ledger: Lakeland, Polk County, Florida
		A classic example of an over-prepared witness occurred in the case of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of 1911.
		Renowned lawyer Max Steuer was defending the factory owners charged with causing the death of factory employees because the owners had locked the fire exits.
		Steuer's cross-examination consisted primarily of asking the prosecution's key witness to repeat the story she gave on earlier direct examination.
	www.theledger.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050625/COLUMNISTS0201/506250304/1089/BUSINESS (637 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire. A Journal for MultiMedia History web site review.
		The cartoons, mostly from ILGWU publications, highlight the inadequate safety precautions that led to the Triangle fire and express some of the outrage of New Yorkers against the unsafe working conditions and the uncaring attitude of the employers.
		There is also a wonderful bibliography on the fire which includes archive sources for scholars wishing to carry out original research, and a host of secondary sources including juvenile literature, fiction and poetry, videos, and instructional materials for middle and high school students.
		The Triangle fire is, and should be, the main focus of the site but the fire could also act as a window to show more union history.
	www.albany.edu /jmmh/vol2no1/trianglefire.html (999 words)

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