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	nmah sweatshop exhibition -- traingle shirtwaist fire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		On March 25, 1911, a fire broke out in the Triangle Shirtwaist Company on the eighth floor of the Asch Building in the heart of New York City's garment district.
		The fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company factory became a national symbol of business neglect and abuse.
		Although hazardous working conditions in the garment industry had been the focus of numerous investigations, labor strikes, and public demonstrations throughout the late 19th century, it took the fire to galvanize public resolve for workplace regulation and ongoing vigilance.
	americanhistory.si.edu /sweatshops/history/trifire.htm (139 words)

	Triangle Factory fire -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Triangle Shirtwaist Company had already become well-known outside the garment industry by 1911: the massive strike by women shirtwaist makers in 1909, known as the Uprising of 20,000, began with a spontaneous walkout at the Triangle Company.
		The death toll was 146; 91 died in the fire and 54 died by jumping.
		They were later acquitted in a criminal trial, at which Max Steuer, counsel for the defendants, managed to destroy the credibility of one of the survivors, Kate Alterman, by asking her to repeat her testimony a number of times — which she did, without altering a single word.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tr/triangle_factory_fire.htm (912 words)

	shirtwaist
		The Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire of 1911 is often misused as a example of the need for child labor laws and safety codes.
		In a market system with private fire departments, there is a more direct incentive for the users of the fire prevention service to make sure that the department is properly equipped to address their particular building's needs, or for customers to provide for their own safety and fire equipment.
		The Triangle Shirtwaist fire points out the absurd myth of safety from government regulations, including those that were imposed after the fire, and it shows that safety comes from capitalism and its technology.
	members.ij.net /rex/shirtwaist.html (883 words)

	OpinionEditorials.com — Privatize Fire Departments. The Triangle Shirtwaist fire proves it. - Curry
		Though there are persistent myths that doors were locked and fire escapes were faulty, the owner of the building and the proprietors of the Triangle Co. were exonerated by a judge, and an insurance company gave the men $64,925 for property damage.
		In comparison, the government-operated fire department was slow to arrive, it's ladders could not reach beyond the 6th floor, to the fire that was raging on the 9th floor.
		The Triangle Shirtwaist fire points out the absurd myth of safety from government regulations, including those that were imposed after the fire, and it shows that safety comes from capitalism and its technology.
	www.opinioneditorials.com /guestcontributors/rcurry_20040907.html (1047 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Trial of 1911: A Chronology
		A fire prevention expert writes a letter to Triangle Shirtwaist management suggesting that they hold a meeting to discuss improved safety measures, but the letter is ignored.
		Fire fighters make their way to the badly burned top three floors of the Asch building, finding dozens of badly burned bodies as they do so.
		A Triangle Shirtwaist worker stuck in water in the bottom of an elevator shaft is rescued by fire fighters.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/triangle/trianglechrono.html (698 words)

	Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire is vindicated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In comparison, the government-operated fire department was slow to arrive, and it's ladders could not reach beyond the 6th floor to the fire that was raging on the 9th floor.
		In a market system with private fire departments, there is a direct incentive for the customer of the fire-prevention service to make sure that firefighters are properly equipped for their particular building's needs, or for customers to provide for their own safety and fire equipment.
		The Triangle Shirtwaist fire exposes the myth of safety from government regulations, including those regulations imposed after the fire, and it shows that safety comes from capitalism and its technology.
	www.rexcurry.net /shirtwaist.html (812 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911
		At the time of the fire the only safety measures available for the workers were 27 buckets of water and a fire escape that would collapse when people tried to use them.
		Upon finding that they could not use the doors to escape and the fire burning at their clothes and hair, the girls of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, aged mostly between 13 and 23 years of age, jumped 9 stories to their death.
		The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911 still remains one of the most vivid and horrid tragedies that changed American Labor Unions and labor laws.
	www.csun.edu /~ghy7463/mw2.html (1410 words)

	Failure Magazine-Archives-History-Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		By the time it was extinguished a half-hour later, the now infamous Triangle fire had claimed 146 lives making it the worst workplace disaster in New York history, a dubious distinction it held for more than 90 years.
		At the time of the fire, the Triangle shirtwaist factory was the largest manufacturer of women's shirtwaists (today known as blouses) in the country.
		History would show that the Triangle fire would have its greatest impact in the political arena, as the Democratic Party seized on the disaster as an opportunity to re-invent its agenda and embrace the reform movement.
	www.failuremag.com /arch_history_triangle_fire.html (2249 words)

	Bibliography of Triangle Fire (selected)
		Discusses the significance of the Triangle Fire in the context of the surge of reformist activities in favor of protective labor legislation in New York State.
		This is the first exhaustive history of the fire since Leon Stein's book. It places the fire in the political and social context of the times, and provides a listing of the victims.
		This novel, originally copyrighted in 1910, is a fictional narrative that draws upon the author's involvement in the 1910 strike, a 13 week-long labor conflict mostly involving young immigrant women in the shirtwaist industry. The novel depicts working conditions and the way of life of workers who were contemporaries of the Triangle Fire victims.
	www.ilr.cornell.edu /trianglefire/bibliography.html (2201 words)

	About the Triangle Fire
		Shortly after the fire, the Executive Board of the Ladies' Waist and Dress Makers' Union, Local No. 25 of the ILGWU, the local to which some of the Triangle factory workers belonged, met to plan relief work for the survivors and the families of the victims.
		This board, consisting of representatives from the clothing industry and from the union, was established a year prior to the Triangle Fire in the aftermath of the 1910 Cloakmakers' Strike.
		The nation learned of the horrible fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company through the eyewitness account of a United Press reporter who happened to be in Washington Square on March 25, 1911.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/m_r/pinsky/triangle.htm (2536 words)

	History, First Hand- Triangle Fire
		The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire was a catalyst for reform.
		In 1909, an incident at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory sparked a spontaneous walkout of its 400 employees.
		With fire doors locked on several floors, the elevators insufficient and fire escape blocked, many women turned to their only means of escape, the windows.
	www.ecfs.org /Projects/Fieldston57/triangle (1017 words)

	No Way Out: Two New York City Firemen Testify about the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		I found the fire escape on the rear of the building, which was the only one, and was entirely inadequate for the number of people employed in that building.
		I am of the opinion that the precautions that are used to safeguard these premises in the form of installation of fire extinguishing apparatus would have a tendency to keep the fires down to a small size.
		All fires are of the same size at the start, and I think the loss and damage would be a great deal less by having available apparatus.
	www.historymatters.gmu.edu /d/57 (904 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire – Part II
		The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911 remains one of the most vivid and horrible tragedies in American labor history.
		At the time of the fire, few regulations existed that would have saved the lives of those who were killed.
		At the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, the tragedy had been inevitable: floors were littered with flammable materials; narrow staircases were located in drafty, vertical wells; doors opened inward at the landings, if they opened at all; and no sprinklers had been installed.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/labor_history/25386 (396 words)

	THE LAST SURVIVOR OF THE 1911 TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The fire damaged the steel support beams that carry both sides of I-95 over an avenue, causing the overpass, which was new, to sag several feet.
		The Chicago Fire Department fought a truckload of magnesium on fire under a concrete overpass.
		Seventy years ago, when prefire planning was generally unknown, the New York City Fire Department developed very specific preplans to get water as soon as possible onto fires on the East River bridges, recognizing the vulnerability of the unprotected steel.
	www.wiskus.com /news.htm (713 words)

	Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire
		On March 25, 1911, a fire broke out in a New York City sweatshop run by the Triangle Shirtwaist Company.
		The fire started on the eighth floor of the Asch Building just east of Washington Square Park and quickly spread upward to the two top floors of the building.
		Fire truck ladders, then able to reach only six stories, were of little help, and the building's overloaded fire escape collapsed.
	search.eb.com /women/articles/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Company_fire.html (139 words)

	Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Newspaper Accounts - 1911
		Pauline Grossman, 18 years old, who was injured by leaping from a window of the factory as the fire was gaining headway on the eighth floor, says three male employes of the factory made a human chain of their bodies and swung across a narrow alleyway to the building fronting in Greene Street.
		There he beat in the glass upper portion of the shaft door with his fists and swung himself over the wooden lower half into the shaft, going down hand over hand for several floors on the cable, though in the process his flesh was torn from the bone.
		It was eighty-five feet from the eighth floor to the ground, about ninety-five feet from ninth door, 113 feet from the cornice of the roof, and the upward rush of a draft and the crackle of the flames drowned their cries.
	www.brandywinesources.com /1901-1945/1911DOCTriangleFireNewspaperAccounts.htm (8736 words)

	The Triangle shirtwaist fire
		The fire department arrived, but their hoses and ladders were not powerful not tall enough to reach the top floors where most of the stranded women were.
		The ninth floor fire escape was pitifully weak, and it essentially led nowhere.
		In the aftermath of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, the public cried out for better building safety codes and more comprehensive measures to insure that such a disaster would not repeat itself.
	wiwi.essortment.com /triangleshirtwa_reun.htm (515 words)

	No Way Out: Two New York City Firemen Testify about the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		In this brief excerpt from their testimony before the Factory Investigation Commission, New York City Fire Chief Edward F. Croker and Fire Marshall William Beers commented on the safety lapses—the locking of an exit door, the inadequate fire escapes, and the overcrowded factory floor—that led to the deaths of the Triangle workers.
		I found the fire escape on the rear of the building, which was the only one, and was entirely inadequate for the number of people employed in that building.
		I am of the opinion that the precautions that are used to safeguard these premises in the form of installation of fire extinguishing apparatus would have a tendency to keep the fires down to a small size.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/57 (904 words)

	TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE. Free term papers for college, book reports and research papers. Welcome to Quality Essays
		Lack of precautions to prevent fire, inadequate fire-escape facilities, unsanitary conditions were undermining the health of the workers.
		The Triangle Shirtwaist Company was in a fireproof loft building that was about 150 feet high, and it is about 12 stories in height.
		All fire experts assume that when a fire occurs on any one floor, the contents of that floor will be destroyed.
	www.qualityessays.com /essay/018247.html (865 words)

	HistoryBuff.com -- History Library -- The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		The distraught fire fighters pulled out a life net and attempted to catch one girl but three more hurled themselves immediately after the first and all four bounced out hitting the concrete.
		The 10th floor, which was where the showroom and the pressing of the shirtwaists took place, first received the message of a fire over the teleautograph which relayed messages between floors.
		Such was the case with the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire on March 25, 1911.
	www.historybuff.com /library/refshirtwaist.html (1986 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Trial
		The bodies of seamstresses, who jumped from the factory floors of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company to avoid being burned alive, lie outside the building.
		Triangle employee William Bernstein grabbed pails of water and vainly attempted to put the fire out.
		In the thickening smoke, as several men continued to fling water at the flames, the fire spread everywhere--to the tables, the wooden floor trim, the partitions, the ceiling.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/triangle/trianglefire.html (168 words)

	Subsequent News Articles – Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		The lesson of the fire is that a building is just as fireproof as the stuff within it fireproof walls, fireproof floors, and fireproof stairways then rooms packed with flimsy cloth and trimmings and run by electric dynamos about which waste and oil were allowed to accumulate.
		The building in which the Triangle fire took place is as sound as ever; outwardly, it bears a few signs of fire, and doubtless the comparatively trivial property loss was covered by insurance.
		The Triangle Company, seeing how quick she was, with sharp business sense, changed her from piece-work to a weekly wage, and managed to get the same amount of work out of her for half the money.
	www.brandywinesources.com /1901-1945/1911DOCTriangleFiresubsequentnews.htm (13440 words)

	Triangle Shirtwaist Fire – Then and Now
		One hundred forty-six workers died in the Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire March 25, 1911 in New York City.
		The deaths of 146 Triangle Shirtwaist factory workers on March 25, 1911 sparked national outrage and organizing.
		The best way to mourn the Triangle Shirtwaist workers, the KTS Textile workers, and all the workers who suffer and die for corporate globalization is to fight back with global solidarity.
	www.commondreams.org /views06/0323-30.htm (996 words)

	Rose Freedman & the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		The last survivor of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire in which 146 of her co-workers perished in 1911, died on Thursday, February 22, 2001 in her apartment in Beverly Hills, Calif., her daughter said.
		She became a lifelong crusader for worker safety telling and retelling the story that the Triangle workers died because the owners were not concerned with their welfare.
		The disastrous factory fire, in which girls and young women leapt from eighth- and ninth-story windows, their flaming skirts billowing in the wind, horrified the nation and led to some of the first city, state and federal laws dealing with workers' safety.
	www.injuredworker.org /Letters/Rose_Freedman.htm (1254 words)

	USATODAY.com - Sweatshops aren't history just yet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Triangle fire galvanized a city and an industry.
		Women in the workplace have, indeed, made considerable progress during the past century — so much so that we might be inclined to dismiss the Triangle fire as a shameful footnote in our nation's past.
		As in the Triangle fire, the Imperial Foods fire was so horrific because owners, in order to prevent theft, had locked doors that would have allowed workers to escape.
	www.usatoday.com /news/opinion/editorials/2005-03-17-malveaux-edit_x.htm (536 words)

	Open Directory - Society: History: By Topic: Social History: Labor: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		New Deal Network: The Triangle Fire, March 25, 1911 - Dated and sourced photographs and artwork of the fire and its aftermath.
		Photos From the Triangle Factory Fire - A collection of photographs and analysis from four contexts: general visual analysis, union and labour history, immigrant history, and feminist/gendered history.
		Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire - Links to several accounts, historical records and photographs, and period information provided by the Lower Hudson Regional Information Center.
	www.dmoz.org /Society/History/By_Topic/Social_History/Labor/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Factory_Fire (301 words)

	Bessie Cohen, Survivor of 1911 Shirtwaist Fire, Dies
		By MICHAEL T. Bessie Cohen, who as a 19-year-old seamstress escaped the Triangle Shirtwaist fire in which 146 of her co-workers perished in 1911, died on Sunday in Los Angeles.
		She was 107 and one of the last two known survivors of the Manhattan fire, according to the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees.
		For the rest of her life, Bessie Cohen would remember that earlier in the day, she had urged her friend, Dora Abramowitz, who was 15, to ask the foreman to give her a 50-cent raise to bring her salary up to the $3 a week that Bessie was earning.
	www.ishipress.com /shirtwai.htm (1056 words)

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