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	Triatominae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Triatominae is a subfamily of Reduviidae, order Heteroptera; also known as conenose bugs, assassin bugs or kissing bugs.
		Lent H, Wygodzinsky P (1979) Revision of the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), and their significance as vectors of Chagas disease.
		Schofield CJ (2000) Biosystematics and evolution of the Triatominae.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Triatominae (1058 words)

	Medscape MEDLINE search: Triatominae
		With the purpose of evaluating the risk of transmission of the Chagas disease in the State of Colima, Mxico, an entomological survey was performed to obtain triatominae and the rate of infection by Trypanosoma cruzi determined by examination of its dejections.
		Chagas disease is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insects in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Triatominae, commonly known as kissing bugs.
		The status of Linshcosteus in the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).
	search.medscape.com /uslclient/searchMedline.do?queryText=Triatominae (1140 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		We must conclude that the blood-sucking Triatominae are generally poorly differentiated from predatory reduviids, both in body form and habitat, which is again suggestive that they have evolved the blood-sucking habit relatively recently.
		Most of the 93 species of Cimicidae occur in the Middle East and Africa (Table II) and those that occur in the Americas are generally species associated with humans and/or domesticated or sinanthropic animals _ suggesting that they have been exported to the Americas in recent, postcolombian times.
		Within the Americas, it is clear that the Triatominae could not have followed the proposed evolutionary route from predator to nest-dwelling blood-sucker prior to extensive development of nest-dwelling vertebrates.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc00085 (5964 words)

	Triatominae as a Model of Morphological Plasticity under Ecological Pressure
		Phenetic and genetic studies so far developed suggest that speciation in Triatominae may be a rapid process mainly driven by ecological factors.
		Triatominae seem able to develop rapid morphological changes in response to adaptation to new habitats.
		If morphological similarities in Triatominae reflect more their ecological niche rather than common ancestry, morphology should be regarded with caution as the main criterion for phylogenetic studies in Triatominae (Pereira et al.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /94sup1/24.html (476 words)

	Lecture Chagas Disease
		It is better viewed as the means to eliminate domestic populations of Triatominae and to monitor the ever-present risk posed by silvatic bugs.
		But although the focus of this review is on the elimination of domestic Triatominae, we feel it is important to place this within the broader context of Chagas disease control.
		Flying adult Triatominae may be attracted to light, heat, or certain odours, or they may simply encounter a human dwelling by chance.
	www.fac.org.ar /tcvc/llave/c314/ramsey.htm (3643 words)

	Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Triatominae as a model of morphological plasticity under ecological pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The apparent rarity of sibling species in Triatominae may reflect the lack of relevant population studies (Frias and Dujardin 1996), but could also reflect the biological mechanism of sibling species formation, especially if such mechanism implied morphological convergence between two related species competing within the same ecological niche.
		Unlike Diptera, chromosomes of Triatominae are holocentric, accepting some damages without lethal consequences (Maudlin 1976) and often with marked intraspecific polymorphism of heterochromatin content (Panzera et al.
		The idea that sibling species in Triatominae reflect morphological convergence, is supported by observation of the morphological, metric and genetic changes of various species in the transition from silvatic to domestic habitat (Dujardin 1998a/d).
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?pid=S0074-02761999000700036&script=sci_arttext (2771 words)

	CDC - Genomic Changes of Chagas Disease Vector, South America
		American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease is well recognized as the most serious human parasitic disease of the Americas in terms of its social and economic impact (1).
		This disease is caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and it is transmitted by blood-sucking insects of the subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae).
		Previous studies (8) suggested that heterochromatin could act as a fertility barrier in Triatominae by inhibiting meiotic pairing between chromosomes with different quantities of heteropyknotic regions.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol10no3/02-0812.htm (5171 words)

	Bibliography
		Triatominae as a model of morphological plasticity under ecological pressure.
		Changes in the sexual dimorphism of Triatominae in the transition from natural to artificial habitats.
		Revision of the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), and their significance as vectors of Chagas disease.
	www.mpl.ird.fr /morphometrics/i/ref_me_mm.html (1755 words)

	Prophylaxis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Triatoma infestans or "kissing bug", together with other triatomine bugs, are responsible for the transmission of Chagas' disease amongst humans.
		Triatominae are insects of the order Hemiptera, family Reduviidae, subfamily Triatominae.The vectors live in rural areas in the houses of the poor people where they find shelter in the roof and the walls.
		During the night the bugs leave their hiding place and feed on the skin of the sleeping inhabitants.
	www.icp.ucl.ac.be /~opperd/parasites/triatoma.htm (321 words)

	Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation among Triatomine Vectors of Chagas' Disease
		Kissing bugs or triatomines (Reduviidae: Triatominae) are vectors of the Chagas' disease agent Trypanosoma cruzi.
		The Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) comprise a subfamily of hematophagous insects that are vectors for the parasitic agent of Chagas' disease, Trypanosoma cruzi
		The Triatominae are widely distributed primarily in the New World, their center of diversity and likely site of origin.
	www.tulane.edu /~wesson/Pubs/030199 (3630 words)

	Triatominae
		In order to identify and characterize areas of transmission in Oaxaca and to stratify the vector potential, the distribution of domestic Triatominae was surveyed during 1996-98 in collaboration with the primary health care services and local communities.
		The evaluation performed shows that the transmission by Triatoma infestans is virtually interrupted and that the transmission by other native species of triatominae from different regions of the country is possibly very low.
		Five Triatominae species have been implicated in the transmission of T. cruzi to people in Ecuador (Triatoma dimidiata, Rhodnius ecuadoriensis, R. pictipes, R. robustus and Panstrongylus geniculatus), but some others may also play a role in some areas (P. rufotuberculatus, P. howardi, T. carrioni and P. chinai).
	lib.bioinfo.pl /meid:93003 (3395 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Moreover, land-use changes in several regions have been associated with localized domestic invasions by little-known species of Triatominae, providing a certain imperative to identify bug populations that may present a future risk of domiciliation.
		Analysis of bug population genetics seems to be providing the means to address these questions, as well as providing a cohesive framework for collaborative research throughout Latin America.
		Triatominae seem to represent a genetically heterogeneous group, with generalist species displaying higher genetic variation, and specialist species showing relatively reduced population variability - probable associated with a series of genetic bottlenecks followed by modest selection.
	www.paho.org /english/sha/epibul_95-98/be961wkp.htm (996 words)

	[No title]
		Most of the 129 species recognized for Triatominae have been reported to be either naturally or experimentally infected with T. cruzi.
		The knowledge of the relationships and evolutionary history of different Triatominae species is, therefore, of considerable importance.
		Our interest is to understand the phylogenetic relationships of species of Triatominae using DNA sequence data.
	futurehealth.ucsf.edu /fellows/93fellows/garcia.html (463 words)

	eMedicine - Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) : Article by Yves Carlier, MD, MSc
		Although all Triatominae species may be potential vectors of T cruzi and many are involved in its sylvatic transmission to mammals, only 7-8 species (1.5-3.5 cm in length) are associated with parasite transmission to humans (domestic cycle).
		Vectorial transmission (via the feces of Triatominae) is responsible for 80% of human infections.
		Education on sanitation practices that provides information on the domestication phenomenon of Triatominae, the role of some construction materials as habitats for vectors, and the role of domestic animals is essential when starting campaigns for vectorial control.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic327.htm (6861 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The chromosome numbers of 46 out of the 122 currently recognized species of Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) are summarized.
		The subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera-Reduviidae) includes 122 species of hematophagous insects and is divided into five tribes and 15 genera.
		Chromosomes of Triatominae II: Karyotypes studies of five species in the genus Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc96098 (1154 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		However, in the literature consulted, it was verified that there are no references to differences in the size of eggs among sylvatic and laboratory Triatomine colonies.
		Both colonies have been maintained in the Insetário de Triatominae of the Faculdade de Saúde Pública [Triatominae Insectary of the School of Public Health] since 1985, located in the Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara (SESA) [Araraquara Special Health Service] being allowed to feed, every two weeks, on ducks.
		Thus, reduction in the size of eggshells in Triatominae populations may be an indicator of their possible habitat, whether we are considering one or the other of the hypothesis raised to explain this phenomenon.
	hygeia.fsp.usp.br /rsp-engl/v37i4/RosaDifferences/index.html (1083 words)

	Fernando Abad-Franch, MD, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Biogeography of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Ecuador: implications for the design of control strategies.
		The triatomines of northern Peru, with emphasis on the ecology and infection by trypanosomes of Rhodnius ecuadoriensis (Triatominae).
		Observations on the domestic ecology of Rhodnius ecuadoriensis (Triatominae).
	www.lshtm.ac.uk /pmbu/staff/Fabad-franch (352 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The trials were always successful, with a rate of positive habitats generally over 20% and reaching 48.4% for palm trees of the Amazon basin.
		Eleven species of Triatominae belonging to the three genera of public health importance (Triatoma, Rhodnius and Panstrongylus) were captured.
		This trapping system provides an effective way to detect the presence of triatomines in terrestrial and arboreal silvatic habitats and represents a promising tool for ecological studies.
	www.bioline.org.br /abstract?id=oc02010 (167 words)

	CDC - Ecologic Niche Modeling and Potential Reservoirs for Chagas Disease, Mexico
		Species pairs that were identified coincided exactly with those in previous studies, suggesting that local interactions between Triatoma and Neotoma species and subspecies have implications at a geographic level.
		Lent H, Wygodzinsky P. Revision of the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and their significance as vectors of Chagas disease.
		Distribution of domestic Triatominae and stratification of Chagas disease transmission in Oaxaca, México.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol8no7/01-0454.htm (2836 words)

	Morphological comparison of instars of Linshcosteus karupus, triatomine of south India using scanning electron ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		University of Connecticut, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Storrs, CT The members of the subfamily Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) are of particular medical importance in their ability to transmit Trypanosomiasis to humans and animals.
		There are 17 genera within the Triatominae, but only one genus, Linshcosteus, is found exclusively in the Old World.
		The placement of Linshcosteus within the Triatominae is controversial, because some researchers think blood-feeding in Linshcosteus is convergent.
	esa.confex.com /esa/2002/techprogram/paper_6156.htm (296 words)

	Search Tuna Report for protozoosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Triatominae, which persists only 3-7 days instead of 30-60 days.
		Parasitological diagnosis The best and simplest way to make the direct diagnosis of acute disease is by microscopic examination of a drop of fresh anticoagulated blood 5, allowing the observation of the rapid movements of live cruzi trypomastigotes at 400X magnification....
		It is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, one of the kinetoplastid flagellates, transmitted to humans in most cases by insects of the subfamily Triatominae Family Reduviidae known in the different countries as assassin bug, vinchuca, kissing bug, chipo, barbeiro, etc....
	www.searchtuna.com /ftlive2/3277.html (1153 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Estudo morfológico e morfométrico de ovos e ninfas de Triatoma guazu Lent and Wygodzinsky 1979 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) vistos através de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura.
		The ecotopes and evaluation of triatomines bugs (Triatominae) and their associated trypanosomes.
		Chromosome homogeneity in populations of Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva 1911 (Hemiptera - Reduviidae - Triatominae).
	eclat.fcien.edu.uy /ingles/bibliography/2000.htm (1247 words)

	Triatoma infestans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Triatoma infestans is a blood-sucking bug (like all the members of its subfamily Triatominae) and the most important vector of Chagas disease.
		It is widespread in the Southern Cone countries of South America; that is, in Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Brazil and Peru.
		This region has joined the control intervention called Southern Cone Initiative managed by the PAHO.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Triatoma_infestans (136 words)

	Medscape MEDLINE search: Reduviidae
		In this paper, glandular areas associated with the phallus in Triatoma rubrofasciata are described and illustrated for the first time.
		The geographic variation in the cuticular hydrocarbon pattern among 11 populations of Triatoma dimidiata Latreille (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) from different regions of Mexico and Guatemala, was studied using capillary gas chromatography.
		Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille 1811) Reduviidae Triatominae is the main vector of Chagas disease in several countries of Latin America.
	search.medscape.com /uslclient/searchMedline.do?queryText=Reduviidae (1209 words)

	Triatominae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Present distribution and epidemiological importance of triatomine (Reduviidae: Triatominae) species in Colombia.
		We present the geographical distribution and epidemiological importance for Chagas‘; disease transmission of 23 triatomine species in Colombia, based on bibliographical reports available in the country and on reference collections housed in the Entomology Laboratory at the Instituto Nacional de Salud and the Tropical Microbiology and Parasitology Research Center at Universidad de los Andes.
		The importance of national survillance programs is highlighted as an aid strategy for the stude of triatomine species in Colombia.
	homepage.univie.ac.at /jorge.molina/triatominae.html (119 words)

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