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Topic: Tribune of the plebs

	Tribune - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tribune (from the Latin: tribunus; Greek form tribounos) was a title shared by several elected magistracies and other governmental and/or (para)military offices of the Roman Republic and Empire.
		The tribune also had the power to exercise capital punishment against any person who interfered in the performance of his duties (the favourite threat of the tribune was therefore to have someone thrown from the Tarpeian Rock).
		The duties of the tribunes of the treasury (tribuni aerarii) are somewhat shrouded in mystery.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tribune (1033 words)

	Tribune of the Plebs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Tribune of the Plebs (tribunus plebis) was an official in the Roman Republic.
		Ten Tribunes of the Plebs were elected each year by the Plebeian Assembly in order to defend the rights of the Plebeian (non-aristocratic) class against the Patrician (aristocratic) members of the Roman Senate.
		When Lucius Cornelius Sulla was Dictator he severley curtailed the powers of the Tribunes of the Plebs by invalidating their power of veto and making it illegal for them to bring laws before the Plebeian Assembly without the Senate's consent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tribune_of_the_Plebs (168 words)

	AllRefer.com - tribune (Ancient History, Rome) - Encyclopedia
		The history of the office of tribune is closely associated with the struggle of the plebs against the patrician class to achieve a more equitable position in the state.
		B.C. the military tribunes (tribuni militum) were the senior officers of the legions, elected by the people and with the rank of magistrate; a plebeian could hold the position.
		The power of the tribune derived from two basic prerogatives, the right of the tribune to inflict punishment upon a magistrate who disregarded either his injunction or the inviolability (sacrosanctitas) of the tribune's person.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/tribune.html (459 words)

	AGREDA. UBBESS OF - LoveToKnow Article on AGREDA. UBBESS OF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In 232 B.C. Flaminius, then tribune of the plebs, proposed to resume these lands for the state, although they were already occupied by large landholders, and to distribute them in allotments to poor citizens.
		In 133 B.C. the tribune Tiberius Gracchus (q.v.) re-enacted the earlier measure of Licinius and Sextius, with the additional provisions that each owner might occupy 2 50 jugera for each son, in addition to the original 500, and that a commission of three (Hi.
		In 100 B.C. Appuleius Satur-ninus (q.v.), tribune of the plebs, proposed the allotment of lands recently taken from the Cimbri in Gaul.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AG/AGREDA_UBBESS_OF.htm (1811 words)

	TRIBUNE P. MINIUS ALBUCIUS EDICT (n° 58-9) ON THE CONVENING OF THE COMITIA PLEBIS TRIBUTA
		Article 2 The Arminian law on the functions of the Aediles of the Plebs (lex Arminia de officiis aedilium plebis) of June 2, 2004 is abrogated and replaced by the present law.
		Article 4 The only plebeians authorized to stand for the aedility of the Plebs are those who are able to prove that they have served for at least one year as Tribune of the Plebs, quaestor, curator, provincial governor, or assistant (scribe) to an Aedile of the Plebs.
		The Tribunes of the Plebs shall convene the Senate for this purpose.
	www.novaroma.org /tabularium/edicts/tribune-2005-01-23.html (2475 words)

	Tribune (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The magistrature of tribune of the people (tribunus plebis) was established in 494 BC, about 15 years after the foundation of the Roman Republic in 509.
		Tribunal : raised platform in front of the HQ used for addressing the troops or administring justice.
		Tribunus sexmestris : tribune serving a tour of duty of only six months; note that there is absolutely no evidence at all to identify this officer as commander of the legionary cavalry as sometimes stated in modern literature.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/T/Tribune.htm (831 words)

	Livy's History of Rome
		The tribunes were preparing a popular measure to fix the scale of fines, but one of their body betrayed the fact to the consuls, who anticipated the tribunes by bringing it in themselves.
		The consular tribunes waited till the usual exodus from the City allowed a meeting of the senate to be held in the absence of the tribunes of the plebs, the members who were in the country being recalled by private notice.
		The nine tribunes put an end to the quarrel by interposing a formal resolution and declaring that it was the intention of the college to support the consul, in spite of their colleague's veto, whether he imposed fines or adopted other modes of coercion on those who refused to serve in the field.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /txt/ah/Livy/Livy04.html (21151 words)

	ANTONIUS - LoveToKnow Article on ANTONIUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In spite of his bad reputation, was elected tribune in 71, praetor in 66, and consul with cero in 63.
		Raised by fesars influence to the offices of quaestor, augur, and tribune the plebs, he supported the cause of his patron with great lergy, and was expelled from the senate-house when the Civil ar broke out.
		In 44, as tribune of the pr ople, he brought forward a law authorizing Caesar to nominate e chief magistrates during his absence from Rome.
	84.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AN/ANTONIUS.htm (2917 words)

	Masters of Rome
		Tribune of the Plebs 111 BC Bribed by Jugurtha to interpose veto during trial by Gaius Memmius
		Tribune of plebs 103 BC Prosecutes Caepio in Plebeian Assembly
		Tribune of plebs 101 BC Introduces law returning extortion courts to knights control and allowing proceeds of crime to be recovered from all beneficiaries, not just the guilty.
	www.virtuation.com /masters/cast.shtml (2633 words)

	tribune on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		From c.508 BC the military tribunes (tribuni militum) were the senior officers of the legions, elected by the people and with the rank of magistrate; a plebeian could hold the position.
		The office of military tribune with the power of consul (tribuni militum consulari potestate) was established in 444 BC The office meant that certain of the military tribunes were invested with the political power of the consul.
		Although military tribunes were abolished (367 BC), the office of tribune of the plebs (tribuni plebis) designed to protect plebeian rights, especially against abuse by magistrates, had been formed (493 BC).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/t1/tribune.asp (931 words)

	The Spectator.co.uk
		In 494 bc the plebs set up their own assembly, separate from the patrician Senate, and appointed their first tribunes ‘to counter the power of the consuls’ (Cicero).
		In time this plebeian assembly with its tribunes became fully assimilated into the republican system; decisions of the plebs became binding on the whole population, and the tribunes were installed as members of the Senate with the power of veto over any Senate business.
		Tiberius took the measure directly to the plebs, without submitting it to the aristocrat-packed Senate for approval — as he was entitled to.
	www.lewrockwell.com /spectator/spec161.html (424 words)

	Ceres, Goddess of the Plebeians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The archives of the decrees of the Roman Senate and of the Concilium Plebes were stored in her temple by the plebeian aediles (85).
		The office of the tribune of the plebs was protected by Ceres directly.
		Among these were the right to protect plebs from patrician magistrates, ius auxilii, and the right to impede the action of any patrician magistrate, ius intercessionis.
	students.roanoke.edu /groups/relg211/ashby/CeresPlebs.html (611 words)

	Roman Timeline of the 2nd Century BC
		180 BC The lex Villia annalis is passed by a tribune of the plebs L. Villius.
		163 BC Birth of the tribune of the plebs and demagogue Ti.
		135 BC Birth of the tribune of the plebs L. Appuleius Saturninus, somewhere in Picenum.
	www.unrv.com /empire/roman-timeline-2nd-century.php (1326 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 896 (v. 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		They had been present at the battle, and they are mentioned among the other officers who were surrendered to the Samnites, when the Romans resolved not to adhere to the agreement.
		489, and we may therefore suppose that Maenius was tribune of the plebs in that year.
		483, attempted to prevent the consuls Trom levying troops-till they carried into effect a division of the ager publicus among the plebs ; but this opposition was rendered of no effect, by the consuls withdrawing from the city and holding the levy outside the walls, at a mile beyond the gates* where the
	ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/2004.html (963 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rome
		As the capital of Italy, Rome is the residence of the reigning house, the ministers, the tribunals, and the other civil and military officials of both the national Government and the provincial.
		Here, in the tribune, is the fresco of Pinturicchio representing the Finding of the Cross, and here are preserved the relics of the Cross of Jesus Christ, the Title, one of the Thorns, the finger of St. Thomas, etc. The church is served by Cistercians, whose convent, however, has been converted into barracks.
		In the tribune are mosaics of the time of Gregory IV; there are also pictures by Palma il Giovane and Melozzo da Forli; two ciboria, in the sacristy, one of the twelfth century, the other by Mino da Fiesole; the tombs of Pesaro, by Canova, and of Cardinal Gregorio Barbarigo.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13164a.htm (14301 words)

	Gnaeus Julius Agricola - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		His son-in-law chronicled his career in a book entitled De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae and was one of his great supporters.
		His career started as a military tribune in Britain between 58 and 62, in the staff of governor Gaius Suetonius Paullinus.
		Returning to Rome, Agricola served as tribune of the plebs in 66, following with a praetorship two years later.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola (372 words)

	TRIBUNE P. MINIUS ALBUCIUS EDICT (n° 58-12) ON THE CONVENING OF THE COMITIA PLEBIS TRIBUTA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		TRIBUNE P. MINIUS ALBUCIUS EDICT (n° 58-12) ON THE CONVENING OF THE COMITIA PLEBISTRIBUTA
		I, Publius Minius Albucius, Tribune of the Plebs, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of Nova Roma, In view of the Constitution of Nova Roma, specially its article III.C., IV.7.
		The citizen whose candidacy has been legally registered and accepted is : - Servius Labienus Cicero Article 4 The appropriate magistrates of Nova Roma and their departments are responsible, as far as each one is concerned by the present edict, for executing it.
	www.novaroma.org /tabularium/edicts/tribune-2005-01-29.html (224 words)

	The Roman Senate
		The Tribune of the Plebs need not be present.
		However, all proposed legislation must still be ratified by the Tribune of the Plebs.
		Only the Tribune of the Plebs may interrupt the Consuls (with a Veto).
	www.romanempire.net /romepage/PolCht/senate.htm (479 words)

	Articles - Roman dictator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		As soon as the dictator was nominated, a kind of suspension took place with respect to the consuls and all the other magistrates, with the exception of Tribune of the Plebs.
		That there was originally no appeal from the sentence of the dictator is certain, and accordingly the lictors bore the axes in the fasces before them even in the city, as a symbol of their absolute power over the lives of the citizens.
		The Tribune was the only magistrate to continue their independence of office during a dictatorship while the other magistates served the dictator as officers.
	lastring.com /articles/Roman_dictator?mySession=5be376ef1a9cae25e261... (1887 words)

	Rules Of The Roman Republic
		Lower ranking positions, such as those of Tribune of the Soldiers, Quaestor, and Tribune of the Plebs, are also to be elected by the citizens yearly — however, the Censors may also appoint new members during the course of the year to these positions when available.
		Ten tribunes of the plebs are to be elected yearly.
		Titus Hellius (Tribune of the Plebs) — Quaestor.
	romanrepublic.freehosting.net /rules.html (7921 words)

	Ancient Roman technical terms
		It was officered by a commander (legate), normally of the rank of praetor, by six staff-officers (tribunes), and by sixty company commanders (centurions).
		The minimum age of tenure was normally twenty-five years, and election to the quaestorship conveyed membership of the senate.
		or (as tribune of the plebs) an annually elected official who under the republic exercised a check upon the administrative powers of magistrates by virtue of his veto and legal inviolability; under the principate the office was overshadowed by the tribunician power enjoyed by the emperor.
	www.ourcivilisation.com /smartboard/shop/tacitusc/histries/chap20.htm (882 words)

	Marius and Sulla
		Scipio was impressed by Marius and advanced him to many honours [6], including military tribune.
		Marius became quaestor in 123 and, with the help of the influential family of the Caecilii Metelli, was elected tribune of the plebs in 119.
		During his tribunate, Marius proposed a law to make voting in the Comitia (assembly for the elections of magistrates) secret by forbidding the inspection of ballots.
	janusquirinus.org /essays/Apollo/Background/MS1.html (1124 words)

	A historical synopsis of the Anicii
		Anicius Gallus who served as a Tribune of the Plebs in 247 BC.
		Lucius Anicius Gallus (see below), who shared the name of the first Tribune, and the same point of origin as the second, I am reasonably sure that both these Tribunes were members of the same family.
		Aside from these notices, which provide no further information, the next reference is made by Livy which mentions a statue in Praeneste in honor of one Marcus Anicius, who served as the commander of the garrison at Casilinum in 216 BC, presumably defending against Hannibal.
	www.angelfire.com /co/JCS3/histsyn.html (678 words)

	Eulogium of Marius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Gaius Marius, son of Gaius, consul 7 times, praetor, tribune of the plebs, quaestor, augur, tribune of the soldiers.
		As consul, by lot, he waged war with Jugurtha, king of the Numidians.
		In his fifth consulship, he set to rights the Republic then in chaos because of the conspiracy of a tribune of the plebs and a praetor.
	www.personal.kent.edu /~bkharvey/roman/texts/elogmar.htm (228 words)

	[No title]
		About a decade before the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus, who proposed a bill that was probably similar to the agrarian reform of 133 BC?
		Which tribune, in collusion with the Senate, sought to oppose Gaius Gracchus' act for the enfranchisement of Italy?
		Crassus was his brother and, after his adoption into the Licinian gens, became a brother-in-law of Claudius Pulcher.
	www.speakeasy.org /~bwduncan/cary20.txt (1486 words)

	Cato the younger -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		By her, he had a son, Marcus Porcius Cato, and a daughter, (Click link for more info and facts about Porcia Catones) Porcia Catones, who would become the second wife of (Statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar (85-42 BC)) Brutus.
		As a (Click link for more info and facts about military tribune) military tribune, Cato was sent to Macedon in 67 BC and given command of a (A large military unit) legion.
		63 BC – Tribune of the Plebs, Catilina's conspiracy
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/cato_the_younger.htm (2480 words)

	[No title]
		There are arguments for both sides (and against: both sides were deeply motivated by political and financial self interest): senators were perhaps better suited to judge what was best for Rome in international and financial affairs.
		But their often callous disregard for problems of the lower classes and the aspirations of the business classes and the cities of Italy created a natural alliance between these, the tribunes and the popular assemblies, and sympathetic senators who opposed the "nobility", as Sallust calls them.
		Tum optimates, senatus atque equestris ordinis pars melior et maior, et intacta perniciosis consiliis plebs inruEQ \O(e,¯)re in Gracchum stantem in areEQ \O(a,¯) cum catervis suis et concientem paene totius 10 Italiae frequentiam.
	personal.ecu.edu /stevensj/latn3001/ch1.doc (1948 words)

	Roman Plebians
		Seek election as Tribune of the Plebs (see Roman Officials).
		Plebeians enjoy Senate representation through the Tribune of the Plebs.
		While the Tribune may not vote, he/she has considerable power.
	www.romanempire.net /romepage/PolCht/plebeians.htm (299 words)

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