Where results make sense

About us   |   Why use us?   |   Reviews   |   PR   |   Contact us

Tributary state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A tributary state is an independent state that has to acknowledge the supremacy of another state and pay tribute to its ruler. Historically, the Emperor of China saw himself as the emperor of the entire civilized world, and diplomatic relations in East Asia were based on the theory that all rulers of the world derived their authority from the Emperor. Diplomatic relations with the Chinese emperor were made on the theory of tributary states, although in practice tributary relations would often result in a form of trade under the theory that the emperor in his kindness would reward the tributary state with gifts of equal or greater value. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tributary_state   (196 words)

Tribute - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A tributary is a state, colony, region, or people who pay tribute to a more powerful, suzerain state. It was an integral part of the Confucian philosophy and was seen as equivalent to the familial relation of younger sons looking after older parents by devoting part of their wealth, assets, or goods to that purpose. Political marriages also existed between the Chinese empire and tribute states, such as Songtsen Gampo and Wencheng (Gyasa). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tributary_(political)   (671 words)

The History Cooperative | Conference Proceedings | Seascapes, Littoral Cultures, and Trans-Oceanic Exchanges | ... Tributary relations were the basis for much of the trade that took place between the agrarian empire and its neighbors. To have tributary relations meant to engage in trade and to observe a set of rituals that invested the rulers of Korea and the Ryūkyūs with symbolic recognition from the agrarian empire at the same time as these rulers acknowledged themselves to be subordinate to the Qing. Politically the maritime region in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries shared important ideas and institutions even if these Confucian practices didn't always directly lead to political connections between them as they did in the case of Taiwan under the Manchus. www.historycooperative.org /proceedings/seascapes/wong.html   (8713 words)

[No title] The spread of political integration took the form of "secondary state formation" (Price, 1978) and the trend toward larger and fewer political units was continued through the process of empire formation, the unification by conquest of formerly autonomous states. Though his description of the broad trends of political development is roughly accurate, his explanation, a general evolutionary "principle of competitive exclusion," ignores important changes in the processes of political centralization/decentralization which have occurred over time. Tributary states, however, operate on the basis of institutionalized coercion which facilitates class exploitation and domination, while a truly socialist state is democratic, collectively rational and egalitarian. www.irows.ucr.edu /papers/irows1.txt   (10162 words)

Colin Barker: Origins and Significance of Meiji Restoration (Part 5) Thanks to the separation of the samurai from the land, under the Tokugawa, all the political forces of the old regime were concentrated in the capitals of the emperor, the shogun, and the various han. All were conservatives in the political spectrum of their time and country, devoted to the monarchy, willing and able to use it as an instrument of reform, modernisation and national unification. Political leadership, he held, could only come from a man with a private means of income sufficient to free him from the necessity to work; only such a man could “live for politics”, while the salaried official must be servile and “live from politics” (Gerth and Mills, 1958, pp.84-5). www.marxists.de /fareast/barker/pt5.htm   (7294 words)

Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.3, Entry 272, TURKEY.: Library of Economics and Liberty Serbia next bounds Turkey to the Danube, and the space between this river and the Balkans is occupied by the tributary state of Bulgaria, with the exception of the Dobrudja and the additional territory lying north of a line drawn from Silestria on the Danube to the Black sea, south of Mangolia. Politically the empire of the sultan is divided, in part by geographical conditions, and in part by race and language, into certain grand divisions, accepted in discussions of the eastern question, and familiar in its diplomatic correspondence; but these divisions are undefined and have no administrative significance. Turkey in Europe is divided in its eastern half by the Balkans into Bulgaria and Roumelia, the latter having an eastern and western division, and covering, in the extension given it by Turkey and the treaty of San Stefano, Thrace and Macedonia. www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy1042.html   (7167 words)

The Politics of Ancient Israel [The Library of Ancient Israel] By Norman K. Gottwald Moreover, the biblical descriptions and evaluations of politics were almost entirely cast in a religious voice, to such an extent that it was difficult to grasp the specifically political character of ancient Israelite life. This casting of politics into a reflex of religion was aggravated in the extreme by the widely recognized fact that the religious standards used to evaluate Israelite politics were largely those developed during the Deuteronomic Reform of the late 7th century. The nearest “whole view” of ancient Israelite politics I have been able to conjure in my critical imagination is that of a tributary agrarian monarchy, preceded by a loose association of tribes exercising diffused power and authority, and followed by semi-autonomous religiocultural enclaves incorporated into monarchic empires. www.bibleinterp.com /articles/politics.htm   (2619 words)

[No title] But it was the process of political and economic devolution which created infeudation in much of Europe--the manor emerged as a mini-state and a subsistent mini- economy when a collapsing political economy forced peasants into serfdom to a feudal lord who could provide land and military protection. The relatively more egalitarian political systems and class structures of some semi-peripheries, usually due to their recent transition from kin-based reciprocal societies, and their sometimes more decentralized political systems, provide fertile ground for a solidary community which can develop innovations, or devote itself to the energetic pursuit of conquest or wealth. Contemporary involvement in electoral politics, coalition-formation and reformist movements represents a realistic adjustment to the current period and also fits well with the implications of a macro-historical analysis which shows that a new mode of production builds by accretion in the interstices of an old one. www.etext.org /Politics/World.Systems/books/chase-dunn/chap8   (5566 words)

Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.1, Entry 242, COCHIN CHINA: Library of Economics and Liberty It is composed of three grand political divisions: Tong King in the north, Cambodia in the centre, and Cochin China proper. Although, in the proud language of the court of Peking, the empire of Anam is still numbered among the states tributary to the Celestial empire, the bond of vassalage has been gradually weakened, and to day the destiny of Cochin China is independent of that of China. Independently of the Catholic religious interest it was greatly to the political interest also of France to cultivate relations with the countries of the extreme east, in which she was outstripped by England, Spain and the Low Countries. www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy242.html   (1696 words)

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Reformation Political power, material possessions, privileged position in public life, the defence of ancient historical rights, earthly interests of various kinds were only too often the chief aim of many of the higher clergy. Political considerations played a great role in the development of Zwinglianism, and the magistracy of Zurich, after a majority of its members had declared for Zwingli, became a zealous promoter of the Reformation. The political confusion prevailing in Scotland from the death of James V facilitated the introduction of the Reformation. www.newadvent.org /cathen/12700b.htm   (10530 words)

Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.2, Entry 108, GERMAN EMPIRE: Library of Economics and Liberty Lasker's bill, which proposed to extend the legislative and political powers of the empire both in criminal and civil matters, was not finally acted upon by the diet, partly owing to the opposition it received from certain political factions and from the majority of the Bundesrath. A further step toward political unity and a centralized government was taken by the total or partial abolition, on the part of the smaller states, of their embassies or foreign legations. He was at the height of his influence, though greatly harassed by the personal attacks he met with on the part of the opponents of his cause, when his labors came to a sudden end on Aug 31, 1864; he fell in a duel he had provoked. www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy499.html   (12443 words)

Colin Barker: Origins and Significance of Meiji Restoration (Part 2) In the tributary mode, by contrast, a state-class uses its control of the centralised political apparatus to “tax”; the peasantry, who work the land in autonomous villager communities. A tributary mode of production exists when agricultural surplus – in the form of labour or tax –; is impersonally extracted from peasant producers by state officials in the absence of landlords with personal control over the producers. In Europe, “the increase in the political sway of the royal state was accompanied, not by a decrease in the economic security of noble landownership, but by a corresponding increase in the general right of private property. www.marxists.de /fareast/barker/pt2.htm   (8813 words)

The Globalist | Foreign Policy -- How Ancient China Regarded the World Second, the tributary state had to send a significant hostage — such as its crown prince — to the Chinese court. In return for the tributary's symbolic submission, China guaranteed its security, although actual military intervention tended to depend on China's stake in the tributary's stability. Moreover, the tributary framework was flawed due to a fundamental paradox. www.theglobalist.com /DBWeb/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=2182   (884 words)

META-PRISMATIC (first part) Today's global political economy may be entering a new phase or cycle in which power is distributed functionally in ways that cut across geographic zones. As a result, the political and administrative development of host states is hampered, and their capacity to serve their own populations is also reduced. Moreover, the political weakness of unorganized industrial workers in any country means the prospects for effective governmental controls to raise wages is almost nil. www2.hawaii.edu /~fredr/7-ipe8a.htm   (4357 words)

Traditiona Notions of Peace in Korea By "peace", I refer to the normal state of affairs in a political community, the condition of stability that allows a state's cultural, social, economic and political system to operate without fear of conflict within or without. Koreans adopted and adapted those ideals and institutions both as a means of creating and centralizing political control over disparate tribes in the peninsula, but also as a means for gaining access to the benefits of Chinese civilization while securing a relative independence from Chinese aggression. Their solution to the problem of tributary status and Korean legitimacy was to push Korean history further back in time than Chinese history and claim that Koreans were the source and model for Chinese culture. www.faculty.sbc.edu /goulde/peaceinkorea   (7102 words)

Political Sciences The course includes the analysis of the contemporary political thought in the dynamics of its historical contexts from the beginning of the 19th century up to now, through the critical examination of the authors who discuss its political models, ideologies and orientation. In the first the political facts happened in Italy in the post-war period are discussed through the exam of the main contributions advanced by the politological debate In the second, the events of ninety years will be examined referring particularly tothe changes in the party system and in the electoral behavior. The course is articulated in a double perspective, methodological and historical, and it deals with the application of general principles of the epistemological and methodological analysis of the specific problems of the social sciences, with a particular attention to the problem of the explanation of the fundamental stages of the evolution of the scientific thought. www.unige.it /accordi/ects/polscie3.html   (3580 words)

city sizes and power in the central political/military network The political experience that the United States has developed with pluralism and multiculturalism may be a new comparative advantage for leadership in a multicultural world. This assumes, of course, that we survive the window of vulnerability to new core war and the growing threat to the ecosphere. Carneiro, Robert 1978 "Political expansion as an expression of the principle of competitive exclusion." Pp. www.irows.ucr.edu /cd/courses/10/reader/centpmn/centpmn.htm   (11035 words)

The Nature Conservancy in Ohio - Chapter Advances Darby Watershed Protection The headwaters of one of the key tributaries to Big Darby Creek will be protected for future generations through the work of The Nature Conservancy and a consortium of conservation partners working in western Franklin County. Hellbranch Run is a significant tributary to Big Darby Creek, a state and national scenic river and one of The Nature Conservancy's top conservation priorities. The Hellbranch is a major tributary of Ohio's Big Darby Creek, a National Scenic River, and is recognized as one of the Conservancy's "Last Great Places," for its diverse collection of fish and freshwater mussels. www.nature.org /wherewework/northamerica/states/ohio/preserves/art10091.html   (894 words)

DBA Campaign Most players will always be tributary to one political body (France, Burgundy, or England), but independant of action to some extent. Players may only be tributary to the King of France, the Duke of Burgundy, or the English, except that the King of France and the English may never be tributary to anyone else. A tributary player must fight on the side of his overlord if his overlord's army is fighting. www.armory.com /~fathom/dba/100yw.html   (1582 words)

JWSR - Volume II - Article There were a large variety of tributary states, but all rested on coerced accumulation of capital from direct producers. politics as the dominant mode of social organization entailed a denigration of status and roles of women in society. Our explanation is that pulsating expansion of world-systems (both tributary and capitalist, although for different reasons, and through different dynamics) changes the dynamics of the iteration process. jwsr.ucr.edu /archive/vol2/v2_n4.htm   (8521 words)

G. Arrighi, "The Rise of East Asia in World HistoricalPerspective In other words, the tributary system was an organic network of relations between the center and the periphery, which includes the provinces and dependencies of the empire, the rulers of native cities and districts, tributary states, and even trading partners" (Hamashita 1996: 189-90). In China, the main agents of the modernization drive were provincial authorities, whose power vis-a-vis a declining central government had increased considerably in the course of the repression of the rebellions of the 1850s, and who used modernization to consolidate their autonomy in competition with one another and with the center. The trajectories of the Chinese and Japanese political economies and their interrelationships in the years 1945-70 were profoundly influenced by the outcomes of the Second World War and the U.S.-Soviet conflict which was refracted with particular intensity in East Asia. fbc.binghamton.edu /arhamsel.htm   (12939 words)

The Sextants of Beijing Trade was further linked to politics because of the preferred Chinese method of conducting foreign relations; since this involved the formal exchange of goods with foreigners, it was in effect a politicized form of international trade. Their culture was not well developed—for example, few had written scripts of their own—and their political organization was unstable enough that none could describe itself as a state. These were intended to buy off the tributary, and although often cripplingly expensive, they still cost less than raising and maintaining a standing army that could compel submission. partners.nytimes.com /books/first/w/waley-cohen-beijing.html   (6065 words)

International Socialism: Asiatic, Tributary or Absolutist? Readers may be forgiven for thinking that they have so far managed to demonstrate against the occupation of Iraq, campaign for Respect or the SSP and attend their trade union branch on a regular basis without feeling the need to take a side on this question, or even notice its existence. He characterises the tributary mode as ‘the separation of society into two main classes: the peasantry, organised in communities, and the ruling class, which monopolises the functions of the given societies, political organisation and exacts a tribute (not in commodity form) from the rural community’.24 Wickham argues that the crucial distinction between the tributary and feudal modes lies in the means by which the surplus is collected from the peasantry. www.isj.org.uk /?id=20   (3360 words)

Brazil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pedro I was succeeded by his son, Pedro II — who in old age was caught by a political dispute between the Army and the Cabinet, a crisis arising from the Paraguay War. In order to avoid a civil war between Army and Navy, Pedro II renounced the throne on 15 November 1889, when a federal republic (officially, the Republic of the United States of Brazil) was established by Field Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca. Major rivers include the Amazon, the largest river in the world by volume, and the second-longest in the world; the Paraná and its major tributary, the Iguaçu River, where the impressive Iguaçu falls are located; the Negro, São Francisco, Xingu, Madeira and the Tapajós rivers. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brazil   (4197 words)

Tan Wee Cheng's Mad, Mad World: China’s Increasing “Soft Power” in Northeast Asia China maintained an ancient tributary system, which was started under the Ming Dynasty, perfected under the Qing and lasted until the late 19th century, when the decaying Qing Empire finally fell to “outside powers”. Historically, this well-established tributary system underscored the centrality of the Chinese emperor and its empire to the whole Asian region; cultural affinities have been strong and deep-rooted, especially with Northeast Asia. Firstly, South Korean politics has become tumultuous and uncertain, which underscores the utmost need for stability on the Korean Peninsula; China appears today to be the best regional and international actor, which could offer this “necessity”, if not, from a historical perspective. twcnomad.blogspot.com /2004/05/chinas-increasing-soft-power-in.html   (1958 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)

About us   |   Why use us?   |   Reviews   |   Press   |   Contact us   Copyright © 2005-2007 www.factbites.com Usage implies agreement with terms.