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Topic: Trichoplax

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	A weird wee beastie: Trichoplax adhaerens
		Trichoplax is an interesting organism to study, because it is one of those "missing links" that provides some hints about the evolution of some of the metazoa.
		Trichoplax reproduces in three ways: 1) by binary fission (and this probably takes place when the organisms are "strung out", 2) by budding, i.e., a spherical body forms on the dorsal surface and eventually separates off, and 3) Grell reports the existence of ova, although no sperm cells have been identified.
		Another oddity of Trichoplax is that while it is frequently found either along the bottom or the sides of dishes or aquaria, I have found some cultures in which significant numbers of the organism can be found floating on the surface of the water.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artoct98/tricho.html (1863 words)

	Trichoplax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trichoplax adhaerens is a simple balloon-like marine animal with a body cavity filled with pressurized fluid.
		The epithelia of Trichoplax lack a basal membrane and the cells are connected by belt desmosomes.
		Trichoplax were discovered on the walls of a marine aquarium in the 1880s, and have rarely been observed in their natural habitat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trichoplax (523 words)

	Trichoplax - Phylum Placozoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Trichoplax are round in shape and covered in cilia.
		Trichoplax reproduce asexually through either binary fission (the division of the cells into two equal parts) or by budding (the division of the cells into two unequal parts).
		Trichoplax adhaerens, discovered in 1880, has since been found throughout the tropical and subtropical world in various aquariums in Hawaii, Japan, Australia, Papua New Guinea, and other such countries.
	www.angelfire.com /mo2/animals1/phylum/trichoplax.html (183 words)

	Pharyngula::Trichoplax adhaerans
		One other strange thing: in culture, Trichoplax is consistently asexual and reproduces by fission, but older cultures at high density begin to produce small motile presumptive sperm cells, and as individual animals desintegrate, they spew out ova.
		Trichoplax may be presumed of being possessed by sex no less than the rest of animalia, so they must be doing their thing when no one watches them.
		Trichoplax is the simplest organism that we can call an animal --;...
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/trichoplax_adhaerans (1795 words)

	MavicaNET - Пластинчасті (Placozoa) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Trichoplax looks like a very large amoeba; it is barely visible to the naked eye.
		Trichoplax is a very small marine animal, 2 - 3 mm in length.
		Trichoplax is an interesting organism to study, because it is one of those "missing links" that provides some hints about the evolution of some of the metazoa.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/ukr/7124.html (411 words)

	Taxa of Model Systems for the Basal Metazoans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Polyps (bright objects with tentacles) are roughly 1-3 mm tall; (2) placozoans—two individuals of Trichoplax adhaerens feed on microbes encrusting the glass of an aquarium.
		Morphologically, a living Trichoplax resembles a small, often irregular "plate" of cells, 2-3 mm in diameter, moving by means of flagella and constantly changing in outline (Fig.
		Trichoplax has the smallest genome yet found in a metazoan (Grell and Ruthman, 1991; Ender and Schierwater, 2003).
	www.bios.niu.edu /metazoans/taxa.html (808 words)

	EVOLUTION: ON PLACOZOA -- THE SIMPLEST KNOWN ANIMAL
		The history of Trichoplax and its relatives has the elements of a scientific mystery story [1].
		Cryptic molecular diversity thus underlies the apparently uniform morphology of placozoans and, as the majority of the cell biological studies to date have been based on a single isolate from the Red Sea, this study highlights the need for further research on this enigmatic group of animals.
		Trichoplax sometimes elevate their center from the substrate to form one or more digestive bags, and on glass substrates they frequently leave behind an area that is cleared of everything edible.
	scienceweek.com /2005/sw050401-1.htm (1693 words)

	[No title]
		Trichoplax adhaerens F. Schulze, 1883 fue identificado en una poza de agua marina en la zona litoral de la Estación "Puerto Morelos" del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM, en Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México.
		Trichoplax adhaerens F. Shulze, 1883 was found in a small underground seawater deposit on the littoral zone adjacent to the Marine Station "Puerto Morelos" of the Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM, in Puerto Morelos, México.
		Trichoplax adhaerens and the origin of Metazoa.Accademia Nazionales dei Lincei, Atti M Convegni Lincei.Roma1981.7-9 maggio 1979.
	biblioweb.dgsca.unam.mx /cienciasdelmar/instituto/1987-2/articulo278.html (909 words)

	Colonial Theory-
		Trichoplax adhaerens, the sole member of the phylum Placozoa was discovered in 1883 on the side of an aquarium.
		Trichoplax, the sole member of the Placozoa, appears to be the most agreeable among taxonomists and evolutionary biologists-no small task.
		It has been suggested that the invagination of the ventral surface may have been the origin of gastrulation among animals and that Trichoplax is very likely an extant representative of an intermediate between the protozoa and the metazoans.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/322/IZLecture6.htm (4287 words)

	Pharyngula::Mysterious Trichoplax
		A,B: Trichoplax whole mount in situ hybridization for the putative ProtoHox/ParaHox gene, Trox-2; note the strong and homogenous expression close to the body margin; arrows in B point to small undifferentiated—yet undescribed—cells between the lower and upper epithelium.
		C,D: Trichoplax whole mount in situ hybridization for the putative ProtoPax gene, TriPaxB; note the more spotted expression along the body margin; the arrow in D points to a small TriPaxB-expressing cell that is similar to cells expressing the Trox-2 gene.
		The gene seems to be active in a pool of undifferentiated cells, which are not localized to one end, but are instead found in a ring.
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/mysterious_trichoplax (2387 words)

	ZooBank: The World Register of Animal Names
		Distinct expression patterns of the two T-box homologues Brachyury and Tbx2/3 in the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens.
		On the genetic uniformity of the genus Trichoplax (Placozoa).
		Placozoa are not derived cnidarians: Evidence from molecular morphology.
	www.zoobank.org /namedetails.htm?nameid=104743 (46 words)

	Tissue in evolution
		An ideal model organism to understand the interplay of the different regulatory processes on many time and lengths scales is Trichoplax adhaerens, which may be considered as the simplest organism that shows a tissue-like multi-cellularity.
		In this project different biological observations on the multi-cellular level on the developmental time scale of Trichoplax, namely growth, reproduction, movement, sorting and regeneration, should be explained within the same mathematical model.
		It will be explored by systematic computer simulations which of the observations may be explained by physical mechanisms and in which cases a control of the parameters on the cellular scale by differentiation, gene expression and molecular interactions inside the cells has to be assumed.
	www.izbi.uni-leipzig.de /projekte/JRG/TissueEvol.php (682 words)

	BBS Faculty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Trichoplax is a simple diploblastic metazoan with the smallest known animal genome, only five times that of the bacterium E.
		In pursuing this goal, we will develop Trichoplax adhaerens as a new model system for primitive animal studies and obtain comparative genetic data from sponges and choanoflagellates.
		The Trox-2 Hox/ParaHox gene of Trichoplax (Placozoa) marks an epithelial boundary.
	info.med.yale.edu /bbs/faculty/del_st.html (256 words)

	The American Street » Blog Archive » Trichoplax adhaerans
		But it is a partial list, as all other past members are categorized by region, topic or both, elsewhere in these sidebars.
		Last week, I cited a paper from Nature on the search for the Urmetazoan, a paper that briefly mentioned Trichoplax adhaerens as “the simplest known living animal”;.
		There are subtle hints that some of that simplicity may only be apparent, though: the latest molecular evidence suggests that there is some regional specificity, and that there may be a few other cell types scattered throughout the organism.
	www.reachm.com /amstreet/archives/2005/06/26/trichoplax-adhaerans (1015 words)

	Mitochondrial genome of Trichoplax adhaerens supports Placozoa as the basal lower metazoan phylum -- Dellaporta et al. ...
		genome sequence of the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens, a metazoan
		Trichoplax adhaerens [Shulze 1883] is a marine invertebrate
		We have not identified the atp8 gene in Trichoplax mtDNA.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/103/23/8751 (2890 words)

	Amazon.com: Trichoplax: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Trichoplax adhaerens ~ placozoa - Tripedalia cystophora Hydra httoralis r B...
		That Trichoplax is the most primitive metazoan was realized only in the...
		One current exception is the amoeba-like animal trichoplax, for which no class or order has been established.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Trichoplax&tag=httpexplaguid-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (909 words)

	IngentaConnect A low diversity of ANTP class homeobox genes in Placozoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Homeobox genes of the ANTP and PRD classes play important roles in body patterning of metazoans, and a large diversity of these genes have been described in bilaterian animals and cnidarians.
		Trichoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa) is a small multicellular marine animal with one of the simplest body organizations of all metazoans, showing no symmetry and a small number of distinct cell types.
		The low diversity of ANTP class genes isolated in Trichoplax can be reconciled with the low anatomical complexity of this animal, although the finding that these genes are assignable to recognized gene families is intriguing.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/ede/2006/00000008/00000002/art00007 (312 words)

	The Trichoplax PaxB Gene: A Putative Proto-PaxA/B/C Gene Predating the Origin of Nerve and Sensory Cells -- Hadrys et ...
		The Trichoplax PaxB Gene: A Putative Proto-PaxA/B/C Gene Predating the Origin of Nerve and Sensory Cells -- Hadrys et al.
		Trichoplax PaxB and Tripedalia PaxB harbor paired domains that are Pax2/5/8 related and homeodomains that are PaxC/Pax6 related.
		Trichoplax adhaerens: discovered as a missing link, forgotten as a hydrozoan, re-discovered as a key to metazoan evolution.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/22/7/1569 (4181 words)

	Introduction to Placozoa
		Learn more about Trichoplax from Richard L. Howey, whose page "A Weird Wee Beastie", is available at Microscopy-UK.
		Buchholz, K. and Ruthmann, A., 1995, The mesenchyme-like layer of the fiber cells of Trichoplax adhaerens (Placozoa), a syncytium, Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung Section C Biosciences, 50, 282-285.
		Grell, K. and Lopez-Ochoterena, E., 1987, A new record of Trichoplax adhaerens F. Schulze (Phylum Placozoa) in the Mexican Caribbean Sea, Anales del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 14, 255-256.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /phyla/placozoa/placozoa.html (1027 words)

	Occurrence in the Field of a Long-Term, Year-Round, Stable Population of Placozoans -- Maruyama 206 (1): 55 -- The ...
		The placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens F. Schulze is a ciliated
		Pearse, V. Growth and behavior of Trichoplax adhaerens: first record of the phylum Placozoa in Hawaii.
		Schuchert, P. Trichoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa) has cells that react with antibodies against the neuropeptide RFamide.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/206/1/55?view=long&pmid=14977730 (2663 words)

	Publications Database - Gene Tools, LLC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hox and ParaHox genes are implicated in axial patterning of cnidarians and bilaterians, and are thought to have originated by tandem duplication of a single "ProtoHox" gene followed by duplication of the resultant gene cluster.
		Trox-2 is expressed in a ring around the periphery of Trichoplax, in small cells located between the outer margins of the upper and lower epithelial cell layers.
		We speculate that Trox-2 functions within a hitherto unrecognized population of possibly multipotential peripheral stem cells that contribute to differentiated cells at the epithelial boundary of Trichoplax.
	www.gene-tools.com /Publications/Browse/Show/?gtpubs_id=571 (211 words)

	PARAZOA
		The mitochondria are tubular and the extracellular matrix has no collagen (Adl et al 2005).
		According to Barnes (1980) members of the group, particularly Trichoplax, resemble the planula larva of the Radiata.
		Thus, the group may represent either an ancestral complexity commensurate with their appearance or a derived, neotenic form.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/Animals/PARAZOA/placozoa/PLACOZOA.htm (285 words)

	Occurrence in the Field of a Long-Term, Year-Round, Stable Population of Placozoans -- Maruyama 206 (1): 55 -- The ...
		Schulze, F. Trichoplax adhaerens, nov. gen., nov. spec.
		Schwartz, V. The radial polar pattern of differentiation in Trichoplax adhaerens F. Schulze (Placozoa).
		Birefringent particles observed in Trichoplax adhaerens (Placozoa), the simplest metazoan.
	www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/206/1/55?view=long&pmid=14977730 (2663 words)

	Invertebrate Biology - Journal Information
		An ultrastructural and experimental study of locomotion in Trichoplax adhaerens (Placozoa).
		Growth and behavior of Trichoplax adhaerens: first record of the phylum Placozoa in Hawaii.
		Stalking the wild placozoan: biogeography and ecology of Trichoplax in the Pacific.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /submit.asp?ref=1077-8306 (843 words)

	ITZ - From Trichoplax adhaerens (Placozoa) to DNA barcoding of dragonflies - home
		ITZ - From Trichoplax adhaerens (Placozoa) to DNA barcoding of dragonflies - home
		Miller DJ, de Jong DM, Schierwater B, Shinzato C, Hayward DC, Ball EE.
		© 2007 ITZ - From Trichoplax adhaerens (Placozoa) to DNA barcoding of dragonflies
	www.ecolevol.de (456 words)

	Placozoa Are Not Derived Cnidarians: Evidence from Molecular Morphology -- Ender and Schierwater 20 (1): 130 -- ...
		Trichoplax as a derived species within the Cnidaria.
		Trichoplax adhaerens, has always been a key issue.
		Trichoplax adhaerens F. Schulze 1883: discovered as a missing link, forgotten as a hydrozoan, rediscovered as a key to metazoan evolution.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/20/1/130 (2678 words)

	SGU's Marine Biology Lab Hosts Researchers
		The Marine Biology Lab hosted Professor Leo Buss and a research student from Yale University from March 10th to the 21st.
		The aim of their research was to find the elusive organism Trichoplax sp., the most primitive multicellular organism with the smallest amount of DNA detected in any animal.
		During a research visit to SGU in 2002 Professor Buss headed a team of six Yale scientists and during that visit some specimens of Trichoplax sp.
	www.sgu.edu /NewsEvents.nsf/webContent/CED66954327CAE6385256CE900791020 (251 words)

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