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Topic: Trichromat

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Tetrachromat

Colour vision

Dichromat

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	Trichromat - Biocrawler
		A trichromat is an organism for which the perceptual effect of any arbitrarily chosen light from its visible spectrum can be matched by a mixture of no more than three different pure spectral lights.
		Humans and other Old World primates are usually trichromats, as are female New World monkeys of most species, and both male and female howler monkeys.
		Some species of insects (such as honeybees) are also trichromats, being sensitive to ultraviolet, blue and green instead of blue, green and red.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Trichromatic (323 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Humans and other closely related primates are usually trichromats, as are female New World monkeys of most species, and both male and female howler monkeys.
		Trichromatic color vision is the ability of humans and some other animals to see different colors, mediated by interactions among three types of color-sensing cone cells.
		The trichromatic color theory began in the 18th century, when Thomas Young proposed that color vision was a result of three different photoreceptors.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=trichromat (617 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Tetrachromat
		It has not yet been demonstrated as a characteristic property of any mammalian species, though it is likely that it occurs in some birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles and insects.
		Humans and other Old World primates normally have three types of cone cells and are therefore trichromats.
		However, at low light intensities the rod cells may contribute to color vision, giving a small region of tetrachromacy in the color space.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tetrachromat (1064 words)

	primates evolved color vision
		In fact, trichromat vision is sensitive not only for the perception of these subtle changes in color, but also for the perception of the absence or presence of blood.
		As a result, primates with trichromat vision are not only able to tell if a potential partner is having a rush of emotion due to the anticipation of mating, but also if an enemy's blood has drained out of his face due to fear.
		Adding to the confidence of the hypothesis is the fact that the old-world trichromats tend to be bare-faced and bare-butted as well.
	www.theallineed.com /biology/06032206.htm (785 words)

	Firelily Designs - Color Vision, Color Deficiency
		Anomalous trichromats with deficiency in the green range account for over half of people with color vision deficiencies; about five percent of all males have this condition.
		People with the first two variations are classified as "dichromats." In these variations, either the red cones contain the pigment intended for the green cones, or the green cones contain the pigment intended for the red cones.
		Not all anomalous trichromats are even aware of their condition.
	www.firelily.com /opinions/color.html (3912 words)

	Sex and evolution: on becoming a trichromat
		From the difference in the amino-acid sequences for the various photoreceptor genes it is clear that the human visual system did not evolve according to a single design.
		To evolve into a trichromat, is it sufficient to shuffle the sex-linked genes to create an additional sensitivity, or does one first have to evolve the opponent mechanisms supported by the midget bipolar and retinal ganglion cells?
		To answer the question whether to evolve into a trichromat, it is sufficient to shuffle the sex-linked genes to create an additional sensitivity, or one does first have to evolve the opponent mechanisms supported by the midget bipolar and retinal ganglion cells, Jacobs et al.
	h20325.www2.hp.com /blogs/color/archive/2007/04/04/3006.html (1347 words)

	Vision Aids for People with Impaired Color Perception
		Compared to persons with normal color vision, they have some trouble differentiating between certain colors or shades, but the severity of the color deficiency is variable.
		Anomalous Trichromat - reception of one pigment is misaligned.
		In an anomalous trichromat, the color reception of the green cones is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, to a greater or lesser degree; or the reception of the red cones is shifted towards the green part of the spectrum.
	www.abledata.com /abledata_docs/Color_Blind.htm (3439 words)

	trichromat - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Trichromacy is the condition of possessing three independent channels for conveying...
		Trichromat: Normal: Anomalous Trichromat: Protanomaly (low red) Deuteranomaly (low green) Tritanomaly (low blue) Dichromat: Protanopia (no red) Deutanopia (no green) Tritanopia (no blue)
		Definition of trichromat from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games.
	encarta.msn.com /trichromat.html (91 words)

	Definition of trichromat - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "trichromat" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "trichromat" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "trichromat" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/trichromat (26 words)

	Color Vision - by Cal Henderson
		Regular vision is Trichromatic - it uses all three colour pigments (red/green/blue).
		People with Anomalous Trichromatic vision use all three color receptors but reception of one pigment is misaligned.
		People with Dichromatic vision use only 2 of the 3 visual pigments - red, green or blue is missing.
	www.iamcal.com /toys/colors/whatis.php (101 words)

	All Web Design Graphics Blog » Blog Archive » How to Design Web Accessible Pages for the ColorBlind
		Anomalous Trichromat vision, uses three color receptors but one pigment is misaligned
		Although most people see Red and Green as contrasting, those with Anomalous Trichromat Vision Colorblindness (the most common type) will not be able to tell these colors apart.
		This also goes for combination with variations of green and red, including colors such as purple and orange.
	www.allwebdesignresources.com /webdesignblogs/graphics/how-to-design-web-accessible-pages-for-the-colorblind (1454 words)

	Colour Blind Friendly Website Design - Free Quotes from Approved Website Designers
		Trichromat Vision:"normal" color vision, uses red/green/blue color receptors...
		Anomalous Trichromat Vision: Anomalous Trichromat vision, uses three color receptors but one pigment is misaligned
		Although most people see Red and Green as contrasting, those with Anomalous Trichromat Vision Colorblindness will not be able to tell these colors apart.
	www.approvedindex.co.uk /indexes/WebDesigners/colour-blind-friendly-website-design.aspx (955 words)

	Colour vision background - Safe Web Colours for colour-deficient vision
		Anomalous trichromat reception of one pigment is misaligned (anomalous).
		Roughly speaking, they are able to receive primarily "red" (really nearer to yellow-orange), or green, or blue wavelengths (again, nearer to indigo) with a certain degree of spread to either side, comprising trichromatic vision.
		In an anomalous trichromat, the colour reception of the green cones is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, to a greater or lesser degree; or else the reception of the red cones is shifted towards the green part of the spectrum.
	www.btplc.com /age_disability/technology/RandD/colours/background.htm (711 words)

	Colour Vision 1
		Those with so-called "normal" colour vision are called trichromats, those who we usually call "colour-blind" are called dichromats, and the very rare people who have no colour vision at all are called monochromats.
		A trichromat can take any three coloured lights, and by mixing them in suitable proportions (by adjusting their brightnesses), can make the mixture appear identical to (ie match) any other comparison light.
		Neither trichromats nor dichromats are likely to agree that the matches that the monochromat makes are good ones.
	mainland.cctt.org /istf/Craven/document98_part1.htm (1354 words)

	Trichromat (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A trichromat is an organism for which the perceptual effect of any arbitrarily chosen light from its visible spectrum can be matched by a mixture of no more than three different pure spectral lights.
		In vertebrates with three types of cone cells, at low light intensities the rod cells may contribute to colour vision, giving a small region of tetrachromacy in the colour space.
		Humans and other Old World primates are usually trichromats, as are female New World monkeys of most species, and both male and female howler monkeys.
	www.wapipedia.com /wikipedia/mobiletopic.aspx?cur_title=trichromatic (196 words)

	Trichromatic color vision Information
		Trichromatic color vision is the ability of humans and some other animals to see different colors, mediated by interactions among three types of color-sensing cone cells.
		Each of the three types of cone in the retina of the eye contains a different type of photosensitive pigment, which is composed of a transmembrane protein called opsin and a light-sensitive molecule called 11-cis retinal.
		Thus trichromatic color vision is accomplished by using combinations of cell responses.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Trichromatic_color_vision (304 words)

	Caltech Press Release, 3/2/2006, Dr. Shin Shimojo, Dr. Mark Changizi
		In fact, trichromat vision is sensitive not only for the perception of these subtle changes in color, but also for the perception of the absence or presence of blood.
		As a result, primates with trichromat vision are not only able to tell if a potential partner is having a rush of emotion due to the anticipation of mating, but also if an enemy's blood has drained out of his face due to fear.
		Adding to the confidence of the hypothesis is the fact that the old-world trichromats tend to be bare-faced and bare-butted as well.
	pr.caltech.edu /media/Press_Releases/PR12802.html (696 words)

	Journal of Vision - Advantages and disadvantages of human dichromacy, by Sharpe, de Luca, Hansen, Jägle, & ...
		Those of the trichromats, dichromats, and the blue cone monochromat did not differ significantly, providing an internal reference point and indicating the independence of the developmental mechanisms that govern the relative numerosity of L-/M- and S-cones (see also Hofer, Carroll, Neitz, Neitz, and Williams, 2005).
		In particular, Wald (1966) found that, for brief 40-ms flashes, the average peak sensitivity of the M-cones is 0.46 log unit higher in protanopes than in trichromats and that the average peak sensitivity of the L-cones is 0.25 log unit higher in deuteranopes than in trichromats.
		Likewise, Dain and King-Smith (1981) found that the difference in thresholds between deuteranopes and trichromats for long-wavelength (674 nm) 500-ms duration flashes is, on average, 0.53 log unit greater than for trichromats.
	www.journalofvision.org /6/3/3/article.aspx (5366 words)

	theories
		Protanomaly is associated with a defective L photopigment, causing the sensitivity spectrum to be shifted toward medium wavelengths.
		Colour deficient arrangements result in crossovers on the hue circle; the orientation of the axis of the crossover (i.e., deutan, tritan or protan) indicates the type of colour deficiency.
		A major advantage of the Nagal anomaloscope is that it can distinguish between dichromatic and anomalous trichromatic vision by measuring the balance of red and green wavelengths in the mixture field.
	www.psych.ucalgary.ca /PACE/VA-LAB/colourperceptionweb/congenital.htm (2338 words)

	Trichromat (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The normal explanation of trichromacy is that the organism's retina contains three types of color receptors (called cone cells in vertebrates) with different absorption spectra.
		Carnivores, especially nocturnal species, tend to be weaker trichromats.
		An example is the domestic cat or dog.
	www.casimiro.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/t/tr/trichromat.html (203 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Trichromat
		Carnivores, especially nocturnal species, tend to be anomalous trichromats: they possess three distinct types of color receptors, but which respond to different wavelengths than those of primates.
		(The domestic dog, however, is a dichromat, having color vision similar to humans with deuteranopia.) Some species of insects (such as honeybees) are also trichromats, being sensitive to ultraviolet, blue and green instead of blue, green and red.
		Rowe, Michael H. "Trichromatic color vision in primates." News Physiol Sci.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Trichromat (397 words)

	Trichromat (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Un trichromat es un organismo para el cual el efecto perceptivo de cualquier luz arbitrariamente elegida de su espectro visible se puede emparejar por una mezcla de no más de tres diversas luces espectrales puras.
		La condición de ser un trichromat se llama trichromacy.
		Los seres humanos y otros primates del viejo mundo son generalmente trichromats, al igual que los monos de mundo nuevo femeninos de la mayoría de las especies, y los monos masculinos y femeninos del chillón.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/tr/Trichromat.htm (211 words)

	Aspects of Perception (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This applet simulates trichromatic vision, which is normal and color-sensitive.
		The second colored boxes, labeled something like "390 @255" are a color repesentation of the sensitivities of the S, M, and L cones.
		This color is NOT what a trichromat would actually see, because the colors used to on the computer screen do not match the colors that S, M, and L cones are sensitive to.
	www.cs.brown.edu /courses/cs092/2000/perception/trichromaticapp.html (330 words)

	Dichromat at AllExperts
		By comparison, a trichromat requires three pure spectral lights to match all colors in their visual spectrum.
		The straightforward exceptions are Old World primates, including humans, which are usually trichromats, and sea mammals (both pinnipeds and cetaceans) which are monochromats.
		New World monkeys are a partial exception: in most species, males are dichromats, and about 60% of females are trichromats, but the owl monkeys are monochromats, and both sexes of howler monkeys are trichromats.
	en.allexperts.com /e/d/di/dichromat.htm (514 words)

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