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Topic: Triclosan

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	DestinationGreen September 2006
		Previous studies have shown that triclosan, which has a similar chemical structure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and PCBs, bioaccumulates in fish and is present in human breast milk, according to Caren Helbing, who is a molecular biologist at the University of Victoria (Canada) and a coauthor of the study.
		Intrigued by triclosan’s structural similarity to thyroid hormones, which orchestrate growth and development in wildlife and humans, Helbing and her colleagues set out to determine whether triclosan could interfere with thyroid-hormone activity in frogs.
		The data suggest that triclosan, at concentrations as low as 0.15 ppb, is capable of perturbing a fundamental hormone signaling mechanism that is nearly identical in frogs and humans, she says.
	www.destinationgreen.com /newsletter/DG1106/novarticle4.html (988 words)

	ES&T Online News: Germ fighter works as endocrine disrupter
		Previous studies have shown that triclosan, which has a similar chemical structure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and PCBs, bioaccumulates in fish and is present in human breast milk, according to Caren Helbing, who is a molecular biologist at the University of Victoria (Canada) and a coauthor of the study.
		Intrigued by triclosan’s structural similarity to thyroid hormones, which orchestrate growth and development in wildlife and humans, Helbing and her colleagues set out to determine whether triclosan could interfere with thyroid-hormone activity in frogs.
		The data suggest that triclosan, at concentrations as low as 0.15 ppb, is capable of perturbing a fundamental hormone signaling mechanism that is nearly identical in frogs and humans, she says.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/esthag-w/2006/oct/science/jp_triclosan.html (631 words)

	Campaign For Safe Cosmetics: Take Action
		Triclosan: It may not be a household word, but there is little to no chance that you haven’t come into direct contact with it in your home--while washing your hands, brushing your teeth or applying deodorant or face cream.
		Researchers warn that triclosan, a chemical used as an antimicrobial and preservative, acts as an endocrine disruptor.
		The Skin Deep cosmetic safety database assigns triclosan a hazard rating of 7 (with 10 being the highest hazard rating and 0 the lowest) because of its links to cancer and endocrine disruption, and its ability to irritate organs and bioaccumulate (meaning build up and linger in humans or the ecosystem).
	action.safecosmetics.org /action/index.asp?step=2&item=14374 (765 words)

	Triclosan
		Triclosan, a chemical used for its antibacterial properties, is an ingredient in many detergents, dish-washing liquids, soaps, deodorants, cosmetics, lotions, anti-microbial creams, various toothpastes, and an additive in various plastics and textiles.
		Triclosan is a chlorophenol, a class of chemicals which is suspected of causing cancer in humans.
		Triclosan is among this class of chemicals, and humans are among the animals at the top of the food chain.
	www.health-report.co.uk /triclosan.html (815 words)

	Triclosan Antibiotics
		Triclosan is slightly soluble in water, but soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, and stronger basicsolutionssuch as 1 Msodium hydroxide, like many other phenols.
		Triclosan appears to kill bacteria mainly by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis.
		As a result, triclosan was the target of a UK cancer alert, even though the study showed that the amount of chloroform generated was less than is normally present in treated, chlorinated water and required brushing your teeth or washing your hands for times on the order of two hours or more.
	www.lumrix.net /medical/antibiotics/triclosan.html (776 words)

	Triclosan Information
		This study, by members of Dr. Rolf Halden's environmental analytical chemistry laboratory, confirms that increased use of triclosan during the past 25 years did not lead to accumulation in key environmental areas, and reconfirms that that triclosan is not a concern for long term environmental presence.
		Triclosan Works Better than Plain Soap and Water: The extraordinary results of a new study published in the prestigious, peer reviewed Journal of Food Protection, prove that not all hand soaps are alike in their performance.
		Triclosan: No Effect on Frog Metamorphosis: The results of a new study indicate that environmentally-relevant triclosan concentrations do not alter the normal course of thyroid-mediated metamorphosis in the standard anuran model(order of frogs and toads).
	www.ciba.com /ind-pc-triclosan.htm (293 words)

	Triclosan
		Researchers who added triclosan to river water and exposed it to ultraviolet light found that a significant portion of the triclosan was converted to dioxins, raising fears that sunlight could transform triclosan to dioxins naturally.
		Triclosan does not actually cause a genetic mutation in the bacteria—which is part of the process by which they acquire resistance—but by killing the normal bacteria, it creates an environment where mutated bacteria that are resistant to triclosan are more likely to survive and reproduce.
		Laboratory studies with triclosan have already found a number of different strains of mutated bacteria that are resistant to triclosan and to certain antibiotics.
	www.grinningplanet.com /2005/10-04/triclosan-article.htm (1888 words)

	General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Chemistry of everyday life: What are triclocarban and triclosan (ingredients in some ...
		Triclosan (also known as CH 3635, Irgasan Ch 3635, Irgasan DP 300, and Ster-Zac) is shown at left; it has a similar structure.
		Triclosan and triclocarban have been used as effective antiseptics [1] in soap since the 1960's.
		Triclosan has been incorporated into a wide range of consumer goods, including cosmetics, toothpaste, and plastics for children's toys and kitchen and table utensils.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/consumer/faq/triclosan.shtml (455 words)

	Triclosan – gefährlicher Bakterienkiller in Gebrauchsartikeln - Greenpeace, Artikel zum Thema Chemie
		Triclosan kann von der Produktion her mit chlorierten Dioxinen und Furanen verunreinigt seinii, die zu den stärksten bekannten Schadstoffen für Mensch und Umwelt gehören.
		Damit nicht genug: Triclosan das in kommerziellen Textilien enthalten ist, kann sich unter dem Einfluss von Sonnenlicht teilweise in chlorierte Dioxine umwandeln.
		Wo direkter Körperkontakt besteht, wollen wir Triclosan in Textilien nicht haben.
	www.greenpeace.de /themen/chemie/gebrauchsartikel/artikel/triclosan_gefaehrlicher_bakterienkiller_in_gebrauchsartikeln (1401 words)

	Toxic Triclosan banned
		Unfortunately, triclosan is a member of a carcinogenic family of compounds called chlorophenols.
		Triclosan is also entering our bodies and remaining there, a fact that doesn’t surprise experts, given that it’s a chlorinated chemical.
		When first introduced, triclosan was thought to be a general biocide, that is an antibacterial chemical that disrupts so many cellular functions at once that bacteria encountering it simply cannot survive.
	www.naturallyhome.com /articles/triclosan.shtml (720 words)

	Halfbakery: Triclosan Tide
		Triclosan is the active ingredient in non-antiperspirant deodorants.
		Triclosan is put in handsoap for the same reason - although probably less effective since it is rinsed right off.
		Triclosan is evil and bad and nasty and will likely be the cause of the end of the world.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Triclosan_20Tide (418 words)

	Triclosan: Controversial Antibacterial (May 2006)
		Triclosan is a chlorinated aromatic compound with antibacterial properties, as well as antifungal and antiviral properties.
		Triclosan may not be a familiar term to most consumers, though it is now ubiquitous in most American households, masquerading under the unassuming term, "antimicrobial." In the United States, "antimicrobial" has become synonymous with cleanliness and good health.
		Triclosan has not been thoroughly tested nor evaluated for potential risks to human health and the environment though it is in a category of very toxic and carcinogenic chemicals.
	www.townsendletter.com /May2006/healthrisk0506.htm (2096 words)

	Miljøministeriet - Forbruget af triclosan er halveret (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Anvendelsen af det miljøfarlige stof triclosan er halveret siden 2000, viser en ny undersøgelse fra Miljøstyrelsen.
		Brugen af triclosan er faldet med 54 pct.
		Triclosan skal vurderes som desinfektionsmiddel i EU i år 2007.
	www.mim.dk /Nyheder/Pressemeddelelser/2006-06-28_Triclosan.htm?wbc_purpose=basic%23%236.1.1%233.2 (502 words)

	Triclosan Information
		Triclosan is the substance of choice for Hospital Hygiene, Antibacterial Toothpastes, Anti Acne Treatments and is valuable in many health applications like antibacterial soaps, cleaners or toothpastes.
		Although Triclosan is perfectly safe in all current applications it shouldn’t be used mindless and without a justified reason.
		The popularity of Triclosan is a reflection of it’s unique combination of efficacy against almost all types of bacteria and safety to man and nature which with the currently known substances used cannot be surmounted.
	www.cibasc.com /index/ind-index/ind-per_car/ind-pc-ah/ind-pc-triclosan.htm (386 words)

	Miljøministeriet - Forbruget af triclosan er halveret (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Triclosan betragtes som unødvendig kemi og der har løbende været diskussioner af stoffets farlighed og muligheden for dannelsen af resistente bakterier.
		Triclosan blev i 2005 klassificeret som miljøfarligt af EU.
		Miljøstyrelsen har også iværksat en undersøgelse af mængden af triclosan i det danske vandmiljø, som sammen med undersøgelsen af forbruget giver et grundlag for at vurdere de egentlige risici.
	www.mim.dk /Nyheder/Pressemeddelelser/2006-06-28_Triclosan.htm?wbc_purpose=basic##6.1.1#3.2 (502 words)

	Living on Earth: The Dangers of Triclosan
		New research indicates that Triclosan, an antibacterial chemical used in scores of consumer products, is harmful to the hormonal system of developing frogs and, perhaps, humans.
		Triclosan is probably best known as the bacteria-fighting ingredient in liquid soap, although it's also used in everything from toothpaste to hot tubs to trash bags.
		And the implications of that are that during normal tadpole development that triclosan might actually be able to effect how the tadpole turns into a frog.
	www.loe.org /shows/segments.htm?programID=06-P13-00044&segmentID=1 (928 words)

	Triclosan, What is Triclosan? About its Science, Chemistry and Structure
		Triclosan is a potent wide-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agent.
		Triclosan is regulated by both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and by the European Union.
		In the environment, Triclosan is removed during normal waste treatment processes as shown by extensive environmental studies, and any of it that remains after waste treatment quickly breaks down into other compounds in the environment
	www.3dchem.com /molecules.asp?ID=191 (155 words)

	Whither triclosan? -- Russell 53 (5): 693 -- Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
		The phenylether or chlorinated bisphenol, triclosan, is an antimicrobial
		Triclosan inhibits the growth of Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii by inhibition of apicompexan FabI.
		Triclosan, a commmonly used bactericide found in human milk and in the aquatic environment in Sweden.
	jac.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/5/693 (2031 words)

	Antibacterial Products May Worsen Problem of Resistant Bacteria
		Triclosan interacts with bacteria -- and, as is their nature, the bacteria develop resistance to the compound.
		The accumulation of triclosan in the environment could lead to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, Rock said.
		Rock showed that triclosan inhibited an enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis produced by a gene called fabI, and that mutations in the fabI gene caused resistance to triclosan.
	www.kidsource.com /kidsource/content5/antibacterial.problem.html (598 words)

	Friends of the Earth: Press Releases: 2003: New Warning on Triclosan Threat
		Triclosan (sometimes marketed under the name of 'Microban' [2]) is added to a wide range of products, including toiletries such as liquid soaps, shower gels, mouthwashes, toothpaste and household products such as washing-up liquids, dishcloths, chopping boards, bin liners, plastic kitchen utensils, scouring pads and toilet cleaners [3].
		Triclosan has been detected as a contaminant in human breast milk and in fish [4] and it has been found in some rivers and lakes.
		Triclosan is listed on the ingredients of some products, but this is not always the case.
	www.foe.co.uk /resource/press_releases/new_warning_on_triclosan_t.html (552 words)

	Triclosan
		Triclosan is a chlorophenol, a class of chemicals suspected of causing cancer in humans.
		Employing a strong antibiotic agent such as triclosan for everyday use is of questionable value, as it takes a shotgun approach to killing all microscopic organisms while also destroying the beneficial bacteria in the environment and in our bodies.
		Experiments have shown that it may not be the all-out germ killer that scientists once thought it was….using triclosan daily in the home, in products ranging from children’s soaps to toothpaste to ‘germ-free’ cutting boards, may be unwise.
	www.lindachae.com /triclosan.htm (561 words)

	Triclosan And Aluminum Hazards
		"Triclosan is a chlorophenol, a class of chemicals suspected of causing cancer in humans.
		Transparency does NOT mean it will not contain aluminum chlorhydrate.
		The action of applying antiperspirant also brings aluminum chlorhydrate and triclosan into the close proximity of capillary blood vessels.
	www.rense.com /general64/triclo.htm (589 words)

	Triclosan + Chlorinated Water = Chloroform
		Overall second-order kinetics were observed, first-order in free chlorine and first-order in triclosan.
		The chlorophenoxyphenol compounds include two monochlorinated triclosan derivatives (5,6-dichloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoy)phenol and 4,5-dichloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) and one dichlorinated derivative (4,5,6-trichloro-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol); these species form via bimolecular electrophilic substitution of triclosan.
		The Department of Trade and Industry said use of triclosan was tightly controlled under EU laws brought in last year, but that they were under constant review.
	www.anapsid.org /triclosan2.html (685 words)

	Polychlorinated Dioxins and Furans in your Toothpaste ? Triclosan and Its Impurities
		Triclosan is a diphenyl ether (bis-phenol) derivative, known as either 2,4,4’-Trichloro-2’-hydroxydiphenyl ether or 5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol.
		Consequently, since triclosan is by its chemical structure a polychloro phenoxy phenol it is possible that several polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (dioxins) and polychloro-dibenzofurans (dibenzofurans) can be found in varying low level amounts, as synthesis impurities in triclosan.
		Their presence or absences is dependent upon the type and purity of the starting materials used to synthesize triclosan as well as reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure and the like.
	www.mindfully.org /Pesticide/toothpaste.htm (886 words)

	CHEC Articles: Antibacterial Ingredient Shown to Cause Health, Environmental Effects, According to Beyond Pesticides ...
		Numerous studies have found that triclosan promotes the emergence of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.
		Triclosan is one of the most frequently detected compounds in rivers, streams, and other bodies of water, often in high concentrations.
		Triclosan is highly toxic to a number of different types of algae.
	www.checnet.org /healthehouse/education/articles-detail.asp?Main_ID=931 (364 words)

	SNF Kemikalier - triclosan
		Triclosan anses av Kemikalieinspektionen som ett extremt giftigt ämne som är akut dödligt för vattenlevande organismer och som kan orsaka skadliga långtidseffekter i vattenmiljön.
		Triclosan kan framkalla allergier hos människor men man vet inte vad som händer när människor utsätts för låga halter under lång tid.
		Triclosan förekommer inte bara i tandkräm utan i deodoranter, tvålar, fotspray, munvatten och andra hygienartiklar.
	www.snf.se /verksamhet/kemikalier/triclosan.htm (285 words)

	Popularity of germ fighter raises concern: Science News Online, May 27, 2000
		Scientists once believed that bacteria can't develop resistance to triclosan because it acts more as a grenade than as a bullet.
		In the past few years, however, biologists have discovered that triclosan's main method of killing is very specific.
		She notes that her research group has found several strains of bacteria in nature that readily grow on the compound and one that may even use it as an energy source.
	www.sciencenews.org /20000527/fob4.asp (657 words)

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