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Topic: Tricolored Blackbird

	Western Riverside County MSHCP
		Tricolored flbirds are likely itinerant breeders: in April, all observed tricolored flbirds were in the vicinity of the breeding colonies then in May and June, populations decline in one area and rise in another as breeding birds move to new breeding areas (Hamilton 1998).
		The tricolored flbird is intensely gregarious and every major phase of its life is performed in close association with its colony members including the onset of nesting and in some cases, egglaying (Neff 1937).
		A critical feature of the tricolored flbird is that it requires a nesting habitat, frequently in association with a wetland habitat, that may accommodate many pairs and adequate protection from predation for the nests as well as suitable foraging in the form of more upland habitat.
	ecoregion.ucr.edu /full.asp?sp_num=87 (2984 words)

	Spotlight on Birds - Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center - National Zoo\| FONZ
		Blackbirds were attracted to feeding patches baited with corn, sunflower seed, and a custom-made egg meal.
		Initially, the flbirds are hesitant but they approach the food fairly quickly and once the first birds begin eating, there is a mad rush of birds to devour the remaining food.
		The analysis of the results is not yet complete, but field observations suggest that rusty flbirds are more neophobic than their flbird cousins—they were often the first flbirds to feed in the control trials, but when confronted by a novel object, they were usually the last to feed, and often did not feed at all.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/Science_Article/default.cfm?id=20 (475 words)

	BirdWeb - Bird Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Tricolored Blackbirds, which are rare in Washington, look similar, but have more pointed wing-tips, thinner bills, and white edging on the red patches.
		Many Red-winged Blackbirds have been killed to limit crop predation and nuisance impacts, but some evidence shows that estimates of their impacts on crops have been overestimated.
		Red-winged Blackbirds are widespread and abundant breeders throughout Washington's lowlands.
	birdweb.org /birdweb/bird_details.aspx?id=438 (664 words)

	CBD - Press Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Recent state and federally sponsored surveys documented that the population of tricolored flbirds plummeted at an alarming rate during the past decade, indicating the species is in dire need of protection under the Act.
		Now, however, tricolored flbirds have grown increasingly rare as the extensive wetlands and native grasslands once used for nesting and feeding have been lost to urban and agricultural development.
		The tricolored flbird is a medium-sized bird (total length ranges from 12-24 centimeters) that breeds in dense colonies in California’s Central Valley, Coast Ranges, and southern California.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/press/tricolored2-13-2006.html (882 words)

	All About Birds
		One of the most abundant birds in North America, the Red-winged Blackbird is found in wetlands and agricultural areas across the continent.
		The Red-winged Blackbird is a highly polygynous species, with one male having up to 15 different females making nests in his territory.
		Female Tricolored Blackbird similar to red-winged, but is darker with a whitish-gray throat.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Red-winged_Blackbird_dtl.html (598 words)

	Audubon WatchList - Tricolored Blackbird
		Though the Tricolored Blackbird appears similar to the ubiquitous Red-winged Blackbird, and though the ranges of the two species overlap, they are genetically, behaviorally, and morphologically distinct.
		In the 1930s, the vast majority of Tricolored Blackbird colonies were in freshwater marshes dominated by cattails or bulrushes.
		All Tricolored Blackbirds north of southern California may be considered a single metapopulation, in which breeding trends in localized areas may have effects over the broader metapopulation range.
	audubon2.org /webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jsp?id=205 (835 words)

	Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor)
		Determination of breeding by tricolors is simplified by their colonial behavior and the conspicuousness of both sexes transporting food to nestlings and fledglings.
		Tricolored Blackbirds are at as high a risk as any of the narrowly endemic North American bird species and are far greater risk than Swainson's Hawks, Burrowing Owls and other relatively widely distributed California species.
		Beverly Tucker, Printer, Washington, D.C. Hosea, R. A population census of the Tricolor Blackbird, Agelaius tricolor (Audubon), in four counties in the northern Central Valley of California.
	www.prbo.org /calpif/htmldocs/species/riparian/tricolored_blackbird.htm (3280 words)

	SDNHM Focus on Red-winged and Tricolored Blackbirds
		The Red-winged and Tricolored Blackbirds are confusingly similar in plumage and strikingly different in their nesting habits.
		Even though the Red-winged Blackbird molts only once per year, the fresh plumage of fall and early winter differs greatly from the worn plumage of late spring and summer, in both males and females, because the new feathers have pale or buff edges on them that, over the course of the year, wear off completely.
		The Tricolored Blackbird surprises us yet again--a declining songbird of the most specialized nesting habits, highly sensitive to disturbance of its colonies, possibly facing extinction in the 21st century—feeding eagerly on garbage.
	www.sdnhm.org /research/birdatlas/focus/blkbirds.html (1654 words)

	Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor): Center for Biological Diversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Tricolored Blackbird currently forms the largest colonies of any North American landbird, with a single breeding colony often consisting of tens of thousands of birds.
		The Tricolored Blackbird breeds in dense colonies in California’s Central Valley, Coast Ranges, and southern California.
		The Tricolor population had continued to decline; numbers of birds fell by about 37% between 1994 and 1997 and by an additional 38% between 1997 and 2000.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/species/tricolored/index.html (562 words)

	Tricolored Blackbird - Whatbird.com
		Tricolored Blackbird: Medium-sized flbird that is mostly fl with a glossy blue tint overall.
		Female and juvenile have thickly brown-streaked upperparts and breasts, brown bellies and undertails, and pale eyebrows.
		Tricolored Blackbird: Breeds in California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, and Baja California.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/552/_/Tricolored_Blackbird.aspx (635 words)

	Tricolored Blackbird Survey Guidelines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The primary purpose of the 1999 statewide census is to determine the number of active tricolored flbird (Agelaius tricolor) colonies and each colony's location.
		Tricolor colonies are a dynamic entity and are best evaluated over a period of time.
		Remember that tricolored flbirds are not a listed species and colony protection is entirely voluntary.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /hcpb/blkbird.html (1437 words)

	Red-winged Blackbird (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Red-winged Blackbirds are fierce defenders of their nests, harassing hawks, crows, and other large birds that pass over and escorting human intruders through their territories, hovering close and making angry calls.
		This flbird differs from the red-wing in its tendency to breed in extremely dense colonies and its near-total lack of territoriality.
		The Tricolored Blackbird's bill is more pointed and thicker at the base, and the male's epaulets are darker (blood red rather than scarlet) with a white border.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /BOW/REWBLA (816 words)

	Red-winged Blackbird ID Tips
		The male Red-winged Blackbird can be told from the male Tricolored Blackbird by its yellowish, not white, border to the red shoulder patch.
		Tricolored Blackbirds are only found in Oregon and California.
		Other species of flbirds lack the red shoulder patch of the male and the streaked underparts of the female.
	www.nenature.com /IDTips/red-winged-blackbird-idtips.htm (106 words)

	2000-107.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Tricolored flbirds began gathering in mass on Tevelde's silage field in late April, their numbers eventually climbing to about 12,000 pairs nesting on at least a third of the 145-acre field.
		The tricolored flbird is largely native to California although some of these birds have been found in Washington, Oregon, and western Nevada as well as the western coast of Baja California.
		Tricolored flbird colonies historically comprised up to hundreds of thousands of birds, but nesting groups today only average around a few thousand birds each.
	www.fws.gov /pacific/news/2000/2000-107.htm (737 words)

	Tricolored Blackbird
		Until recently, some Tricolored Blackbird colonies were estimated to contain one to two million birds.
		The Tricolored Blackbird gleans food from the ground and low vegetation.
		During the late-summer drought, grasshoppers abound and support the wandering hordes of Tricolored Blackbirds.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /tricolored_blackbird_info.htm (147 words)

	Spring 2001 Bird Sightings
		Tu, Apr 17 - Tricolored Blackbird is a species heard and seen daily in the flock of flbirds (Red-winged and Brewer's) and Brown-headed Cowbirds feeding at Kern River Preserve Headquarters.
		Th, Mar 8 - Tricolored Blackbirds have been observed in the yard of Kern River Preserve Headquarters the last several mornings in a mixed flock of Red-winged Blackbirds and Brewer's Blackbirds.
		Tricolored Blackbirds are being regularly seen lining the edge of the roof of both Rite-Aid and Burger King and in the parking lot in the Kern Valley Plaza shopping center in Lake Isabella.
	www.valleywild.org /spring_2001.htm (4882 words)

	Boston.com / News / Science / Group: Stop harvests in blackbird habitats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Harvesting and plowing should be prohibited or at least delayed in areas where the tricolored flbird breeds, an environmental group said Friday in asking for immediate protection for the species.
		SACRAMENTO -- Harvesting and plowing should be prohibited or at least delayed in areas where the tricolored flbird breeds, an environmental group said Friday in asking for immediate protection for the species.
		The flbird population appears to be in fine shape because thousands of the birds often flock together, said the Center for Biological Diversity.
	www.boston.com /news/science/articles/2004/04/10/group_stop_harvests_in_blackbird_habitats?mode=PF (439 words)

	Tricolored Blackbird Range Map
		The Tricolored Blackbird breeds from southern Oregon east of the coast range south through interior California along the Pacific Coast from central California to northwest Baja California.
		The Tricolored Blackbird commonly breeds in freshwater marshes of cattail, tule, bulrush and sage.
		In winter, it inhabits marshes, open cultivated lands and pastures.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /tricolored_blackbird_map.htm (68 words)

	Audubon California
		It is estimated that this Tri-colored Blackbird colony holds at least 4,000 adults, and that each nest in the colony will produce an average of 1.5 chicks.
		While in most years the Tri-colored Blackbirds nest in restored wetlands on California's San Jacinto Wildlife Area (WA), this year the flbirds set up their colony nearby in a wheat field three miles from the wildlife area.
		Recognizing the risk to southern California's largest remaining Tri-colored Blackbird breeding colony, Tom Paulek of the California Department of Fish and Game, Area Manager of the San Jacinto WA, alerted Audubon to the need to negotiate an agreement with the dairy farmer to delay the harvest in a portion of the farmer's wheat field.
	www.audubon-ca.org /tricoloredBlackbird.html (429 words)

	☞ bird - Blackbird
		The Blackbird or Common Blackbird (Turdus merula) is a European member of the thrush family Turdidae.
		The Blackbird has been introduced to many parts of the world outside its native range.
		Blackbird singing in the dead of night 2.
	www.bird101.info /blackbird (342 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for April 22-30, 2001
		Tricolored and Red-winged Blackbirds are like night and day with respect to territorial defence and breeding behaviour.
		There have been small breeding colonies of Tricoloreds for several years in the city of Portland and also near Hermiston in NE Oregon, and a new colony was established in 1999 east of Soap Lake in east-central Washington.
		Tricolored Blackbirds are being reported more and more often in recent years in Washington and northern Oregon.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200104/w4/index.html (11419 words)

	Red-winged Blackbird (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The female, lacking this distinctive shoulder mark, is a dusky brown with a heavily streaked breast.
		The Tricolored Blackbird (8 in.) of the Pacific coast has even deeper red shoulders with a white margin.
		The plush Red-winged Blackbird shown at top is made by Wild Republic and is part of their Audubon Birds collection.
	www.jeannieshouse.com /aviary/redwinged_blackbird/redwinged.html (235 words)

	ABC News: Number of Tricolored Blackbirds Decreasing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		SAN FRANCISCO Feb 14, 2006 (AP)— The population of tricolored flbirds has been plummeting for decades but the federal government has failed to list them as endangered, a group claimed in a lawsuit filed Monday.
		It cited studies showing the tricolored flbird population declined from the millions in the 1930s to about 162,000 in 2000.
		The population has continued to drop as birds deprived of their natural habitat by development and farming try to nest among crops, where their nests are plowed over during harvest.
	abcnews.go.com /Technology/wireStory?id=1619439 (290 words)

	Icterid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Icterids are a group of small to medium, often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World.
		Despite the similar names, the latter groups are not related to the Old World Blackbird, which is a thrush (Turdidae), or the Old World orioles (Oriolidae).
		Most species have fl as a predominant plumage colour, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Icterid (111 words)

	Red-winged Blackbird - wildbird.com
		Red-winged Blackbird: Small flbird with jet-fl body and bright red shoulder patches edged with yellow on bottom.
		Red-winged Blackbird: Breeds from Alaska east across Canada to Newfoundland and south to northern Baja California, central Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida.
		● Breeding and nesting: Red-winged Blackbird: Three to five pale blue eggs marked with dark brown and purple are laid in a well-made cup of marsh grass or reeds and attached to emergent vegetation or built in a marsh shrub.
	whatbird.wildbird.com /obj/144/_/target.aspx (458 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > State -- Fish and Game Commission rejects bid to list migratory songbird as endangered
		Citing a dramatic decline in tricolored flbird populations and breeding colonies, the Department of Fish and Game scientists had endorsed a petition by the Center for Biological Diversity to make the flbird a candidate for full protection under the state Endangered Species Act.
		But coalitions of farmers and landowners spoke against the petition, saying there was insufficient evidence to show the flbirds' numbers are at a crisis point.
		Those studies estimated tricolored flbird numbers fell from 370,000 in 1994, to 240,000 in 1997, to 162,000 in 2000.
	signonsandiego.com /news/state/20050203-1714-wst-endangeredspecies.html (660 words)

	Amazon.com: Agelaius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Breeding status, distribution, and habitat associations of the tricolored flbird (Agelaius tricolor), 1850-1989 by Edward C Beedy (Unknown Binding - 1991)
		Tricolored flbird: Agelaius tricolor (The birds of North America) (The birds of North America) by Edward C Beedy (Unknown Binding - Jan 1, 1999)
		The nomenclature of the red-winged flbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) of South-Central Mexico (Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology) by Robert William Dickerman (Unknown Binding - 1965)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Agelaius&tag=ecomplex&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (406 words)

	July Mystery Birds
		The deeper, darker red color to the rest of the lesser coverts of Tricolored Blackbird, compared to the more orange-red of Red-winged Blackbird is a good clue.
		Although this color may be muted in some Red-winged Blackbirds, I agree with Unitt that if the bird shows this feature, it is a Red-winged and not a Tricolored which invariably have cold gray fringes to the back feathers.
		Bill shape in Red-winged Blackbird is variable, but Tricolored usually shows a thinner, longer-looking bill, especially at the base than on the mystery bird.
	fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us /~jmorlan/july.htm (854 words)

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