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Topic: Trifoliate orange

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	Dwarfing and Freeze Hardiness Potential of Trifoliate Orange Rootstocks
		Carrizo citrange is a hybrid of Washington navel and trifoliate orange.
		Swingle citrumelo is a hybrid of Duncan grapefruit and trifoliate orange.
		Mandarins, oranges and grapefruit on sour orange rootstock with a FD interstock
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /HS221 (2478 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - orange
		ORANGE [orange] name for a tree of the family Rutaceae (rue, or orange, family), native to China and Indochina, and for its fruit, the most important fresh fruit of international commerce.
		The Temple orange is a cross between a mandarin and a sweet orange; the citrange a cross between the inedible trifoliate orange (C.
		Orange County, Calif.: office market keeps up strong pace as investors exercise caution; traffic congestion is a concern and a headache for developers.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/o1/orange.asp (518 words)

	Orange
		Sour orange, resistant to foot rot, became the preferred rootstock in low hammock and flatwoods soils with high water table until the discovery of the virus disease, tristeza, in Florida orange groves in 1952.
		A vinous decoction of husked orange seeds is prescribed for urinary ailments in China and the juice of fresh orange leaves or a decoction of the dried leaves may be taken as a carminative or emmenagogue or applied on sores and ulcers.
		An orange seed extract is given as a treatment for malaria in Ecuador but it is known to cause respiratory depression and a strong contraction of the spleen.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/morton/orange.html (7762 words)

	Bitter orange - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many varieties of bitter oranges are used for their essential oil, which is used in perfume and as a flavoring.
		It is also cultivated for the essential oil expressed from the fruit, and for neroli oil and orange flower water, which are distilled from the flowers.
		The extract of bitter orange (and bitter orange peel) has been used in dietary supplements as an aid to fat loss and as an appetite suppressant, although it is highly dangerous.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bitter_orange (305 words)

	Trifoliate orange - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata) is a member of the family Rutaceae, closely related to Citrus, and sometimes included in that genus, being sufficiently closely related to allow it to be used as a rootstock for Citrus.
		It is native to northern China and Korea, and is also known as the Chinese Bitter Orange.
		The fruits are green, ripening to yellow, and 3-4 cm diameter, resembling a small orange, but with a finely downy surface.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trifoliate_orange (273 words)

	Citrus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Trifoliate orange - the prefix "Citr-" is used to denote parentage from Poncirus trifoliata.
		Oranges and pummelos were mentioned in Chinese literature in 2400 BC, and later in Sanskrit writings (800 BC) lemons were mentioned.
		The word "orange" is said to have derived from the Spanish word naranja; English-speaking folks applied the indefinite article to the Spanish word to give "a naranja" which was corrupted to "an orange".
	www.uga.edu /fruit/citrus.htm (5258 words)

	Sundry Hybrids and Rootstocks
		Tree is evergreen or semi-deciduous, usually trifoliolate, deciduous; not as cold-resistant as the trifoliate orange.
		In early 1985, citrange hybrids 'C35' and 'C32' ('Ruby' orange X trifoliate orange) were released by the Citrus Research Center, Riverside, California, for trial as rootstocks because of their resistance to the citrus nematode, also to Phytophthora spp.
		Trials in Morocco in 1972-1973 with scions of sour orange, sweet orange, mandarin orange, grapefruit, lemon and rough lemon, and inoculated Volkamer rootstock, showed it to be highly susceptible to gummosis caused by Phytophthora citrophthora in contrast to 'Carrizo' citrange rootstock's high resistance.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/morton/sundry_hybrids.html (964 words)

	Home Fruit Production
		Trifoliate orange is the most cold hardy of all citrus.
		The sour oranges were among the first citrus to be introduced to the Americas, where they became feral in areas of warm, humid tropical and subtropical climates.
		The sour oranges are principally used for marmalade, with specialty use in liqueurs and perfumes.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /citrus/miscellaneous.htm (1386 words)

	Floridata: Citrus sinensis
		The caterpillar, called an "orange dog", is itself a spectacular creature - it looks like a 2 in (5.1 cm) long white and brown mottled bird dropping until disturbed, at which time it extends a bizarre pair of bright orange antler-like "scent horns" (osmateria) that stink to high heaven.
		Freshly picked oranges are tastier than those bought in the market which usually have been "de-greened" with ethylene gas, washed with detergent, colored with orange dye, coated with wax, and stored for who-knows-how-long under refrigeration.
		Oranges are said to lower cholesterol and aid in the digestion of fatty foods.
	www.floridata.com /ref/C/citr_sin.cfm (872 words)

	Unusual Citrus Fruits
		The citrangequat was developed at the turn of the 20th century with the hope of producing a fruit with the hardiness of a trifoliate and the sweetness of the orange.
		In tropical Jamaica, the fruit is seedless and a pale orange in colour, with juicy, sweet orange overtones and a thin rind.
		The rind is reddish-orange, and the flesh is a deep orange with seeds.
	www.innvista.com /health/foods/fruits/unusual.htm (1452 words)

	Growing Oranges in Missouri
		Although trifoliate orange is in a different genus from regular citrus trees, it is related closely enough to use as rootstock for various Citrus species.
		Trifoliate orange is hardy to zone six, which includes most of southern Missouri.
		Trifoliate oranges are easy to transplant, and readily grow from seeds when their chilling requirement is met.
	outreach.missouri.edu /dunklin/hort/news/001022.html (582 words)

	Ch11
		Although mechanical transmission from orange, mandarin or grapefruit is less efficient than from lemon (Garnsey,1968), once the viroid is present it will spread from tree to tree throughout an orchard over a period of time by hedging, pruning, clipping of fruit or collecting of budwood.
		At first the diagnosis of exocortis was a long-term process in which trifoliate orange or Rangpur lime as a rootstock, under a vigorous growing scion such as lemon, was inoculated and placed in the field.
		The use of trifoliate orange as a seedling or rootstock for long-term field indexing is no longer recommended.
	www.fao.org /docrep/T0601E/T0601E0b.htm (3924 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Fingerprinting Trifoliate Orange Germplasm Accessions with Isozymes, Rflps, and Inter-Simple ...
		Most trifoliates are self compatible and produce zygotic and nucellar seedlings, and most accessions in germplasm collections are propagated vegetatively.
		Technical Abstract: Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) is frequently used as a parent in citrus rootstock breeding, but the amount of genetic diversity in germplasm collections is poorly understood.
		Variation among 48 vegetatively propagated trifoliate orange accessions was assessed at seven isozyme loci, The restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected by 38 probe-enzyme combinations and the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers generated by 11 primers.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=112384 (563 words)

	CCPP - Diseases
		Mandarin and sweet oranges are the varieties susceptible to concave gum and they will show deep concavities in the trunk and main branches.
		Lemons and limes as well as trifoliate orange and its hybrids can be experimentally infected but rarely show symptoms in the field.
		Where orchards planted with sweet orange on sour orange rootstocks are declining, they should be replanted using CTV tolerant rootstocks such as rough lemon, Rangpur lime, trifoliate orange, trifoliate orange hybrids of mandarins.
	ccpp.ucr.edu /diseases (1148 words)

	Poncirus trifoliata, trifoliate orange, Japanese bitter orange
		General aspect and origins - Poncirus trifoliata, also known as trifoliate orange or Japanese bitter orange, is a close relative to the Citrus trees.
		Leaves are trifoliate, and flowers are white, simple and often fragrant.
		The trifoliate orange is often used as a rootstock for many Citrus species and varieties, as it is known to improve frost hardiness and fruit quality.
	coolexotics.com /plant-105.html (218 words)

	The Citrus Industry
		The common bitter or sour orange that is used principally as a rootstock and for the preparation of marmalade.
		In general, the oranges are round or slight modifications thereof, the mandarins oblate, the grapefruits and pummelos subglobose, the lemons elliptical, and the limes oval.
		The sweet orange is the naranja of Spain, arancio of Italy, laranja of Portugal, orange of France and English-speaking countries, the malta of India, and kan of Japan.
	lib.ucr.edu /agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter4.html (18238 words)

	Floridata: Citrus reticulata
		Well known mandarin orange cultivars include the very easy-peeling and delicious 'Clementine'; 'Cleopatra', which also is used as root stock; 'Dancy', the most common commercial tangerine in Florida; 'Ponkan', a larger, low-acid type; and 'Changsha', perhaps the most cold hardy of all the sweet citrus fruits.
		Mandarin oranges, with their glossy dark green leaves, fragrant springtime blossoms, and bright orange fruits, are beautiful little specimen trees in the home landscape.
		The cold-hardy 'Ambersweet' orange is a cross between a hybrid tangelo-mandarin and a sweet orange.
	www.floridata.com /ref/C/citr_ret.cfm (992 words)

	Home Fruit Production
		However, trifoliate orange is poorly adapted to the saline conditions and alkaline soils which predominate in south Texas where sour orange is the rootstock of choice.
		In the simplest hybridizations, a cross between tangerine and orange is called a tangor, while a cross between tangerine and grapefruit is called a tangelo.
		Tangor is a hybrid between tangerine and orange, Tangelo is a hybrid between tangerine and grapefruit while Tantangelo is a hybrid between tangerine and a tangelo hybrid.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /citrus/mandarins.htm (3498 words)

	eNature: Ask an Expert
		The "Oranges" found on the ground are approximately 1 3/4" in diameter.
		Chances are that the tree you described is the Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata) since all the descriptors were a match.
		Trifoliate Orange can be planted in the fall as soon as the fruit is ripe...
	www.enature.com /expert/expert_show_question.asp?questionID=7759 (318 words)

	Trifoliate Orange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Often used as understock for dwarf citrus orange, these thorny little hybrids are all that remain of Burbank's experiments with citrus.
		Burbank's objective was to make raising citrus outdoors in, say, Minnesota feasible by working this Chinese plant into lemons, oranges and grapefruit.
		But even in Sebastopol the climate was too severe to continue development year after year in order to obtain a successful hybrid.
	www.wschs-grf.pon.net /Trifol.htm (83 words)

	Scientia Agricola - Rootstocks for 'Tahiti' lime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In 1992, the trifoliate orange and the 'Sunki' mandarin were the rootstocks of smallest height for 'Tahiti' lime trees, with differences in relation to 'African' rough lemon (Table 1).
		Diameter and canopy volume were smaller for trifoliate orange and 'Sunki' mandarin trees, being different from those budded on 'Rangpur' lime, 'African' rough lemon and 'Volkamer' lemon.
		In spite of their low cumulative yield, trees budded on 'Sunki' mandarin and trifoliate orange obtained the same yield efficiency as those on 'Rangpur' lime and 'C-13' citrange, exceeding those budded on 'African' rough lemon, 'Volkamer' lemon' and 'Cleopatra' mandarin.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162004000200005 (2436 words)

	March Timely Tips 2002
		Mainstream citrus (oranges, grapefruit, kumquats) are seasonal plants, requiring cool temperatures for fruit to color, and having a main bloom season in the spring.
		The trifoliate orange is an upright tree with a strong central leader and branches that grow at narrow angles to the trunk.
		While not as hardy as the trifoliate orange or the Ichang papeda, kumquats go completely dormant in the winter and are slow to break dormancy in the spring, waiting until temperatures consistently reach 65ºF (18ºC).
	pubs.caes.uga.edu /caespubs/horticulture/Tip/MarTT2002.htm (4851 words)

	Ch13
		Symptoms will appear as bud-union crease (Figures 55 and 56), or as a fluting and reduction of the stock as in Figure 56, where infected scions are grafted to trifoliate orange or its hybrids.
		Trifoliate orange is immune to tatterleaf and the virus is unequally distributed in citrange.
		The primary symptoms of CIVV in field trees of lemon, sweet orange, mandarin or grapefruit are seen in the leaves, which show distorted, puffed or puckered leaf segments with or without variegation (Figure 63).
	www.fao.org /docrep/T0601E/T0601E0d.htm (4579 words)

	Seedless citranges? Seedless other trifoliate hybrids? - Citrus Forum - GardenWeb
		I have a citrus that must have a substantial proportion of trifoliate in it (has side leaves, shows no effect of mid-teens temperatures, has a slight hint of trifoliate odor) that is also seedless.
		The fruits were as large as normal oranges and were quite good for juice, at least to my taste when sweetened and diluted with some ginger ale.
		He called it "organic architecture" and enthused over "buildings rising among the orange groves." In recent years, the campus policies have removed many of the orange trees, but the effect is still there.
	forums.gardenweb.com /forums/load/citrus/msg1221271030503.html (1258 words)

	Gardening > Trifoliate Orange/Poncirus > South Carolina Homes and Gardens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The bush has a round shape and is about 8 or 9 feet high and it is 6 or 7 feet in diameter.
		The thorns are a regular occurrence on this plant, and for this reason, the plant is valued as an impenetrable thicket or hedge, if properly pruned.
		The plants have small white flowers, something like those on an orange tree, which are followed by fuzzy, round, fragrant citrus fruits, quite sour and full of seeds.
	schandg.com /gardening/plants/poncirus.html (216 words)

	Just Fruits and Exotics
		The Trifoliate Orange is used in the colder regions, as it is the only deciduous rootstock.
		This is a juice orange that ripens early and is super sweet.
		Tangelos are a cross between Oranges and Grapefruit They have the same sugary sweetness and ease of peeling as an orange but with an additional sprightly flavor.
	www.justfruitsandexotics.com /Citrus.htm (2439 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Frequency and Distribution of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Detected in An Ovary Est ...
		The average frequency of these sequence variants is 7.7 x 10-3 and 2.5 x 10-3 for sweet orange and trifoliate orange respectively.
		Technical Abstract: Using an EST sequence database generated from ovaries of sweet orange and trifoliate orange we have examined the nucleotide sequence of seven genes from the two species.
		However, the level of polymorphism is much lower in trifoliate orange and development of a trifoliate orange genome map would be greatly expedited by the use of an interspecific hybrid population.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=159846 (545 words)

	Plant Image Gallery: Plant Details
		Twigs are green, smooth and end with heavy, flattened, sharp spines.
		Leaves are trifoliate (3 leaflets) with winged petioles.
		Fruits, similar to a small orange, are fragrant, acidic and are reportedly poisonous.
	www.noble.org /imagegallery/Woodhtml/TrifoliateOrange.html (49 words)

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