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Topic: Trigeminal nucleus

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Medulla oblongata

Medial medullary syndrome

	Your Complete Guide to Trigeminal Neuralgia; A. M. Kaufmann & M. Patel, CCND Winnipeg
		This neurovascular or microvascular compression at the trigeminal nerve root entry zone may be caused by arteries of veins, large or small, that may simply contact or indent the trigeminal nerve.
		Trigeminal neuralgia pain caused by a lesion, such as a tumor, is referred to as secondary trigeminal neuralgia.
		Such individuals also often suffer from additional trigeminal neuropathy or post-traumatic TN as a result of the destructive interventions they underwent. Investigational treatments may be considered including stimulation of the brain surface (pre-motor cortex stimulation), controlled lesioning of the brain stem (tractotomy), or stimulation of the trigeminal nerve or Gasserion ganglion (trigeminal nerve stimulation).
	www.umanitoba.ca /cranial_nerves/trigeminal_neuralgia/manuscript/types.html (1211 words)

	Trigeminal nerve -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The corneal reflex is dependent on the trigeminal nerve sensing touching the eye, (as well as the (Cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles) facial nerve for the motor response).
		The mesencephalic nucleus is involved with (The ability to sense the position and location and orientation and movement of the body and its parts) proprioception, that is the feeling of position of the muscles.
		(Intense paroxysmal neuralgia along the trigeminal nerve) Trigeminal neuralgia is an example of a disorder of the trigeminal nerve where the sufferer suffers pain in the territory of the trigeminal nerve innervation.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tr/trigeminal_nerve.htm (632 words)

	Trigeminal nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The trigeminal nerve is the fifth (V) cranial nerve, and carries sensory information from most of the face, as well as motor supply to the muscles of mastication (the muscles enabling chewing), tensor tympani (in the middle ear) and other muscles in the floor of the mouth, such as the mylohyoid and anterior digastric.
		Cluster headaches are an intense type of headache involving the trigeminal nerve.
		V trigeminal (V1 ophthalmic - supraorbital, V2 maxillary - sphenopalatine ganglion, V3 mandibular - auriculotemporal - buccal - inferior alveolar)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trigeminal_nerve (757 words)

	Your Complete Guide to Trigeminal Neuralgia; A. M. Kaufmann & M. Patel, CCND Winnipeg
		The trigeminal nerve is the fifth of twelve pairs of cranial nerves enervating the face and head, and is denoted by the Roman Numeral V. It has three divisions which enervate the forehead and eye (ophthalmic V1), cheek (maxillary V2) and lower face and jaw (mandibular V3).
		The trigeminal nerve functions should be distinguished from the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), which controls all other facial movements.
		Within the brain stem, the signals traveling through the trigeminal nerve reach specialized clusters of neurons called the trigeminal nerve nucleus. Information brought to the brain stem by the trigeminal nerve is then processed before being sent up to the brain and cerebral cortex, where a conscious perception of facial sensation is generated.
	www.umanitoba.ca /cranial_nerves/trigeminal_neuralgia/manuscript/anatomy.html (294 words)

	Osteopathy \| Articles \| Head Pain \| Neural Pathways
		The first division of the trigeminal nerve supplies the aura mater in the anterior cranial fossa, the diaphragm sellae, nearly all of the cerebral falx, the tentorium cerebelli, part of the superior sagittal sinus, the straight sinus, the superior wall of the transverse sinus, and the terminal parts of the cerebral veins entering these sinuses.
		Their central processes descend, as the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve, in the lateral brain stem from the upper pons to the C-2 level of the cord or even somewhat lower, to terminate in the associated spinal trigeminal nucleus which lies adjacent and deep to the tract.
		The spinal tract and the spinal nucleus correspond to and are continuous with the dorsolateral fasciculus of the cord and the substantia gelatinosa respectively.
	www.drfeely.com /doctors/osteo_articles_headpain_2.htm (1009 words)

	ICP monitors
		It is beneath the lateral edge of the floor of the IVth ventricle in the pons and in the lateral region of the periaqueductal grey matter in the midbrain.
		It is situated medial to the chief sensory nucleus in the pons.
		This is a terminal branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/02.2-Anatomy-CranialNerves/CN05-trigeminal.html (2561 words)

	A Brainstem Network Mediating Apneic Reflexes in the Rat -- Chamberlin and Saper 18 (15): 6048 -- Journal of ...
		the spinal trigeminal nucleus and in the nucleus of the solitary
		the interstitial subnucleus of the nucleus of the solitary tract
		Herbert H, Moga MM, Saper CB (1990) Connections of the parabrachial nucleus with the nucleus of the solitary tract and the medullary reticular formation in the rat.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/18/15/6048 (4673 words)

	ICP monitors
		Nucleus is in the central gray matter in the closed portion, and under the hypoglossal triangle in the open portion.
		The motor nucleus of V is medial to the chief sensory nucleus, and supplies the muscles of mastication (branchial motor).
		Hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus solitarius, and nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract from medial to lateral.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/02.1-Anatomy-Brain&SC/Brainstem.html (3416 words)

	Morphine Administered in the Substantia Gelatinosa of the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis Inhibits Nociceptive ...
		Ambalavanar R, Morris R (1992) The distribution of binding by isolectin I-B4 from Griffonia simplicifolia in the trigeminal ganglion and brainstem trigeminal nuclei in the rat.
		Johnson SM, Duggan AW (1981) Evidence that the opiate receptors of the substancia gelatinosa contribute to the depression, by intravenous morphine, of the spinal transmission of impulses in unmyelinated primary afferents.
		-aspartic acid (NMDA)-evoked responses of neurons in the superficial and deeper dorsal horn of the medulla (trigeminal nucleus caudalis).
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/18/10/3529 (5917 words)

	Medical Neurosciences
		The cell bodies of the pain and temperature fibers associated with the trigeminal nerve lie in the trigeminal ganglion (located on the cerebral surface of the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa).
		The peripheral processes of trigeminal ganglion neurons distribute to pain and temperature receptors on the face, forehead, mucous membranes of the nose, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, hard and soft palates, nasal cavities, oral cavity, teeth, and portions of cranial dura.
		The central processes enter the brain at the level of the pons (this is where all trigeminal sensory fibers enter the brain stem and where trigeminal motor fibers leave the brain stem).
	www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu /virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html (806 words)

	Trigeminal Nerve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The sensory root joins the trigeminal or semilunar ganglion between the layers of the dura mater in a depression on the floor of the middle crania fossa.
		The three sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve emanate from the ganglia to form the three branches of the trigeminal nerve.
		The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn5.htm (345 words)

	Paksitan Journal of Medical Sciences
		At the level where mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus took a large dimension, the cellular mass of the medial group of the motor trigeminal nucleus was reduced.
		The medial cellular patch of the motor trigeminal nucleus at this level represents the absolute territorial domain of the mylohyoid muscle, no other muscle is sharing or overlapping this area of the nucleus.
		1—motor trigeminal nucleus, 2—sensory trigeminal nucleus, 3—internal loop of the facial nerve, 4—fourth ventricle, 5—locus ceruleus, 6—mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, 7- internal genu of the facial nerve, 8-reticular formation, 9-cerebellum, 10-flocculonodular lobe, 11- cochlear nucleus, 12-middle cerebellar peduncle, 13-inferior cerebellar peduncle, 14-corticospinal tract, 15-deep cerebellar nuclei, 16-abducent nerve.
	www.pjms.com.pk /issues/aprjun03/article9.html (2155 words)

	Auditory Brainstem Physiology Laboratory - Kresge Hearing Research Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The influence of the trigeminal ganglion on cochlear nucleus neurons could greatly impact processing in higher auditory centers because a high percentage of information (acoustic and somatosensory) arriving at the CN is conveyed to higher auditory centers.
		Trigeminal projections to the VCN are mostly excitatory (Shore et.
		In the case of trigeminal ganglion innervation, head and neck injuries could alter the activity of those trigeminal ganglion fibers innervating the CN, resulting in a change in firing rate of CN neurons.
	www.khri.med.umich.edu /research/shore_lab/research.shtml (1400 words)

	Pain in the Trigeminal System: from Orofacial Nociception to Neural Network Modeling -- Woda 82 (10): 764 -- Journal of ...
		Morphine administered in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis inhibits nociceptive activities in the spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis.
		Functional organization in the main sensory trigeminal nucleus and in the rostral subdivision of the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract in the cat.
		Projections of the spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis to the thalamus: a retrograde tracing study in the rat (abstract).
	jdr.iadrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/10/764 (2980 words)

	Intramedullary Projections of the Rostral Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in the Rat: Gustatory Influences on Autonomic ...
		input from the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract.
		ventral to the rc and rl subdivisions of the nucleus.
		Herbert, H., Moga, M.M. and Saper, C.B. Connections of the parabrachial nucleus with the nucleus of the solitary tract and the medullary reticular formation in the rat.
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/24/6/655 (4186 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The motor root of the trigeminal is identified leaving the brain wall ventral to the sensory root.
		The fibres of cells whose bodies are in the trigeminal ganglion run into the pons via the nervus intermedius where they may enter either the future chief sensory nucleus or turn down in the spinal trigeminal tract and synapse in the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract.
		Streeter G.L., (1908b) The nucleus of the mesencephalic tract is present in 27 of 28 embryos studied of this stage.
	www.ana.ed.ac.uk /anatomy/database/humat/notes/embryo/nervous/cranial_nerves/v.htm (589 words)

	Trigeminal nerve: anatomy and pathology -- Woolfall and Coulthard 74 (881): 458 -- The British Journal of Radiology
		Trigeminal nerve: anatomy and pathology -- Woolfall and Coulthard 74 (881): 458 -- The British Journal of Radiology
		The mesencephalic nucleus extends from upper pons to the midbrain.
		Vascular compression is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia in many patients with symptoms unresponsive to medical treatment, but it is important to remember that small vessels may also be found in the vicinity of the trigeminal nerve in up to 27% of normal subjects [8].
	bjr.birjournals.org /cgi/content/full/74/881/458 (2051 words)

	CERVICOGENIC HEADACHES PHYSICAL THERAPY
		The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve descends to the upper levels of the spinal cord, and reaches at least as far as C2 and sometimes as far as C4.
		Terminals of the trigeminal nerve and the upper 3 cervical nerves ramify in a continuous column of grey matter formed by the pars caudalis of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, and also with the dor sal horns of the upper 3 cervical segments.
		Terminals of the trigeminal nerve and the upper 3 cervical nerves ramify in a continuous column of grey matter formed by the pars caudalis of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, and also with the d orsal horns of the upper 3 cervical segments.
	www.usdoctor.com /sym8.htm (3217 words)

	Effect of Serotonin (5-HT) on Trigeminal Rhythmic Activities Generated in in vitro Brainstem Block Preparations -- Mori ...
		Inhibition by 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline in substantia gelatinosa of guinea-pig spinal trigeminal nucleus.
		An iontophoretic analysis of the pharmacologic mechanisms responsible for trigeminal motoneuronal discharge during masticatory-like activity in the guinea pig.
		An immunocytochemical and autoradiographic investigation of the serotoninergic innervation of trigeminal mesencephalic and motor nuclei in the rabbit.
	jdr.iadrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/81/9/598 (2713 words)

	Cranial nerves
		Close to the midline are the somatic efferent nuclei, such as the oculomotor nucleus, which control skeletal muscle.
		Near the sulcus limitans are the visceral afferent nuclei, namely the solitary tract nucleus.
		This area is a bit below the autonomic motor nuclei, and includes the nucleus ambiguus, facial nerve nucleus, as well as the motor part of the trigeminal nerve nucleus.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/cr/cranial_nerves.html (466 words)

	Growth of new brainstem connections in adult monkeys with massive sensory loss -- Jain et al. 97 (10): 5546 -- ...
		The cuneate and trigeminal nuclei and the trigeminal tract are marked, and the locations of the labeled terminals are marked in green.
		of the cuneate nucleus adjacent to the trigeminal nucleus.
		Note that there is no label in the pars rotunda of the cuneate nucleus on the normal right side, but a small region of the pars triangularis of the cuneate nucleus adjacent to the trigeminal nucleus is labeled.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/10/5546 (3656 words)

	[No title]
		C. The inferior salivatory nucleus innervating the parotid gland is part of this nerve.
		E. The commissural portion of the solitary nucleus is often referred to as the gustatory nucleus.
		A. Fibers from all of the vestibular nuclei ascend in the MLF.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/anderson/mcbrnstm.html (3339 words)

	Nikolai Lazarov's web-site
		Lazarov, N. Chouchkov: Neuropeptide-like immunoreactivity in the trigeminal principal sensory nucleus of the cat.
		Lazarov: The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the cat: Analysis of the neuronal structure and synaptic organization of peptidergic and monoaminergic afferents.
		Lazarov: Glutamate: a common neurotransmitter of primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion and mesencephalic nucleus of the cat.
	www.geocities.com /lazarov_nick/publications.html (2966 words)

	Somatosensory pathways from the face
		The spinal nucleus of V can be divided into three regions along its length; the region closest to the mouth is called subnucleus oralis, the middle region is called subnucleus interpolaris, and the region closest to the tail is called subnucleus caudalis.
		The fibers enter the brainstem via a small branch of the trigeminal that bypasses the trigeminal ganglion, turn up towards the mesencephalic nucleus, pass by the cell body, and leave the nucleus immediately.
		The motor axons leave the mid-pons and bypass the trigeminal ganglion, and reach their targets via the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.
	thalamus.wustl.edu /course/face.html (852 words)

	Cranial Nerves and Nuclei II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		of the spinal trigeminal nucleus deals with pain and afferents from all three divisions of the trigeminal nerve.
		fibres of the spinal tract and occupy a position adjacent to the mandibular division of trigeminal.
		in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, mostly rostral to the obex.
	www.geocities.com /medinotes/cranial_nn_and_nuclei_2.htm (637 words)

	Correlation between Electromyographic Reflex and MR Imaging Examinations of the Trigeminal Nerve -- Majoie et al. 20 ...
		This lesion corresponds to the location of the left descending trigeminal tract and its nucleus in the dorsolateral part of the medulla oblongata.
		This lesion corresponds to the location of the left principal sensory nucleus in the pons with involvement of the descending trigeminal tract.
		Orbicularis oculi reflex in Wallenberg syndrome: alterations of the late reflex by lesions of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/20/6/1119 (3153 words)

	Migraine Headache Prevention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Recent research has shown that the trigeminal nucleus in the brain stem is probably the main center for migraine headaches developing.
		This device covers the upper four front teeth and disengages the lower jaw and its associated muscles that are coordinated together with neck muscles and thereby decreases the nerve impulses that are going to the trigeminal nucleus.
		The recent research of the trigeminal nerve system of the head/neck/jaw region indicates that a dental appliance device can be very successful in helping relieve the patient of many of their migraine symptoms and also their frequency.
	www.tmj-pain-relief.com /migraine_headache_prevention.html (580 words)

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