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	[No title]
		Trigraphs --------- The concept here is simple, but the detailed wording is hard.
		All occurrences in a source file of the following sequences of characters (called trigraph sequences [7]) are replaced with the corresponding single character.
		[7a] [7] The trigraph sequences enable the input of characters that are not defined in the Invariant Code Set as described in ISO 646:1983, which is a subset of the seven-bit ASCII code set.
	www.davros.org /c/wg14n589.txt (746 words)

	Trigraph (computing) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trigraphs are used in computing for several purposes.
		An important use of trigraphs in computing is to represent values that can not be represented directly.
		In other cases the trigraphs themselves are the subjects, eg.:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trigraph_(computing) (69 words)

	Trigraphs (C/C++ Language Reference)
		Trigraph sequences allow C programs to be written using only the ISO (International Standards Organization) Invariant Code Set.
		You can use trigraphs in C source files with a character set that does not contain convenient graphic representations for some punctuation characters.
		All occurrences in a source file of the punctuation characters in the first column are replaced with the corresponding character in the second column.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/en-us/vccelng/htm/eleme_8.asp?FRAME=true (236 words)

	cpp : Initial processing
		By default GCC ignores trigraphs, but if you request a strictly conforming mode with the `-std' option, or you specify the `-trigraphs' option, then it converts them.
		Trigraphs are not popular and many compilers implement them incorrectly.
		If you use the `-Wall' or `-Wtrigraphs' options, GCC will warn you when a trigraph would change the meaning of your program if it were converted.
	techpubs.sgi.com /library/dynaweb_docs/fw/usr/freeware/info_tpl/cpp/cpp_17.html (913 words)

	INFO: String Constants May Be Interpreted as Trigraphs in C (67082) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The addition of these trigraphs may require that changes be made to code that was previously written for other versions of C that do not support these codes.
		Trigraphs are three-character combinations that are used to represent certain symbols in the C language that are not available in all character sets.
		If a sequence of characters in a constant string matches a trigraph pattern, the compiler will replace the three characters with the single corresponding character that the trigraph represents.
	www.it-faq.pl /mskb/67/082.HTM (345 words)

	Pantek - Expert Linux and Open Source Services: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		N770 J11/97-134 Trigraphs and Universal Character Names Randy Meyers 23 Sept 1997 Both C and C++ have adopted the same proposal for handling the full range of natural language characters in source programs.
		If you process trigraphs before decoding multibyte characters, you would recognize the trigraph for "]", and map the input into "$]", which would then be translated into a surprising multibyte character.
		Trigraph sequences (2.3) are replaced by corresponding single-character internal representations.
	www.pantek.com /library/programming/WG14/n770.htm (626 words)

	trigraph .com occupation and speculation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Trigraphs are commercially valuable: the trigraph space contains the names of major corporations such as ITT and CBS as well as people's initials.
		After a short spurt of growth, trigraph occupation grew exponentially with a doubling time of about 1.2 years from spring 1987 to the winter of 1995.
		This behavior is similar to that observed in populations approaching a carrying capacity and in the adoption of social and technological inventions.
	www.honeylocust.com /trigraphs (1441 words)

	DEC C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Table A-1 lists the trigraphs and the character each is mapped to.
		Trigraph support has the potential to change the meaning of existing C code that unintentionally contains a trigraph in a string literal.
		Trigraph support is available in strict and relaxed ANSI C mode.
	www.myths.com /pub/doc/openvms/decc/5492p029.htm (1828 words)

	Trigraphs and other escape sequences
		In order to allow such systems to support C, trigraphs were added to the language.
		Trigraphs are sequences of three characters (introduced by two consecutive question marks) that the compiler replaces with their corresponding punctuation characters.
		According to the C# Language Specification, Unicode escape sequences are processed in identifiers, regular string literals, and character literals.
	www.bobcongdon.net /blog/2005/06/trigraphs-and-other-escape-sequences.html (335 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It was a dark and stormy night for C when the ANSI C committee added trigraphs to the standard.
		The scjones.alt.c is similar to the original scjones.c source, but with all the trigraphs converted.
		It also uses trigraphs for characters which are not in the Invariant Code Set of ISO 646:1983, so it will be portable to machines with deficient (from C's standpoint) character sets.
	www.ioccc.org /1990/scjones.hint (363 words)

	Re: yacc and trigraphs
		No existing yacc implementation that I know of recognizes trigraphs, and I suspect that none ever will.
		So any realistic resolution to this problem will have to allow yacc implementations that do not recognize trigraphs.
		The tricky part is to specify exactly what yacc implementations _do_ have to recognize.
	www.opengroup.org /austin/mailarchives/ag/msg05199.html (237 words)

	Re: yacc and trigraphs
		> > > > Trigraphs are part of the standard to support the manual entry > of code using older keyboards that do not have the characters > individually that the trigraphs convert to.
		At the very least, it is a requirement of yacc that it must recognize where an arbitrary C statement ends.
		I can think of least two reasonable meanings: #1 In the context of the C standard, "statement" is a syntactical category that applies to the sequence of tokens that the source text becomes in translation phase 7.
	www.opengroup.org /austin/mailarchives/ag/msg05186.html (527 words)

	cpp
		The C preprocessor is a macro processor that is used automatically by the C compiler to transform your program before actual compilation.
		Strictly speaking, the GNU C preprocessor does not support all programs in ANSI Standard C unless ‘−trigraphs’ is used, but if you ever notice the difference it will be with relief.
		Warn if any trigraphs are encountered (assuming they are enabled).
	www.devdaily.com /unix/man/man1/cccp.1.shtml (1825 words)

	Alphabet - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A language may represent a given phoneme with a combination of letters rather than just a single letter.
		Two-letter combinations are called digraphs and three-letter groups are called trigraphs.
		A language may represent the same phoneme with two different letters or combinations of letters.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Alphabet (1368 words)

	flag of (Bibliography: Notes for the FOTW-ws editors) flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de
		Authorship trigraphs (of which we have currently 2044, used in 4263 codes) are the most important part of the unique ID code of each of our BIB entries.
		Author name trigraphs, which may refer either to a single (1a.) author or to a “complex” (1b.) of several (see note bellow); the year indication is always present, even if unknown date ("XX" in lieu of the usual two digits).
		Provisional types 3 and 4 (several authors) may never be changed to a type 1 trigraph, as many times an entry consists of independently written articles with little or no compilation work to be credited for, and in a series of such entries (type 6) the author may vary from a number to the following.
	www.nationalflaggen.de /flags-of-the-world/flags/bib!ed.html (1594 words)

	The C Preprocessor
		If trigraphs are enabled, they are replaced by their corresponding single characters.
		options, GCC will warn you when a trigraph would change the meaning of your program if it were converted.
		Trigraph: ??(??) ??< ??> ??= ??/ ??' ??!
	www.delorie.com /gnu/docs/gcc/cpp_2.html (850 words)

	HP ASCII and Trigraphs
		As mentioned elsewhere, HP calculators use a non-standard version of ASCII which is difficult to map into the Macintosh's Unicode based font management system and difficult to input on a standard keyboard.
		Second, it begins with a special one line header that tells the HP what calculator settings should be used to interpret the file.
		To use these trigraphs to write HP calculator software on your Mac, use your favorite text editor and use the trigraphs whenever you need a special HP symbol or character.
	hpconnect.sourceforge.net /trigraphs.html (352 words)

	Trigraphs in C and C++ applications that use SQL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Trigraphs in C and C++ applications that use SQL
		Some characters from the C and C++ character set are not available on all keyboards.
		You can enter these characters into a C or C++ source program by using a sequence of three characters that is called a trigraph.
	www.redbooks.ibm.com /pubs/html/as400/v4r5/ic2924/info/db2/rzajpmst27.htm (67 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The 'trigraph' control panel determines the frequency of C trigraphs in generated C text.
		Button `all' forces trigraphs in place of the corresponding C symbol.
		Entry `file=' names a file to be used for save and restore of trigraph frequencies.
	www.cs.dartmouth.edu /~mckeeman/2001/cs118/ddt/ddt-1.0x1/ddt-trigraph-help.txt (120 words)

	(Bibliography: Notes for the FOTW-ws editors) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Periodical title trigraphs, which are used to tag periodicals (may have a year indication — see [flm71], but usually the nude trigraph is used).
		Provisional trigraph types are those used in entries which ideally once will be changed to author name trigraphs — these refer to entries whose authorship is unknown.
		When the author name(s) is(are) not known the trigraphs are improvised on whim, usually based on the title and/or publisher (usually I tend to prioritize combinations starting with less used letters, to balance the size of the individual BIB pages, hence so many "Q"‑pages… ;-)
	www.flagspot.com /flags/bib!ed.html (1626 words)

	Trigraph warnings
		Please watch your followups.] There was recent discussion on linux-kernel regarding recent changes in gcc (yet unreleased 2.96, I believe) that flags trigraphs as warnings even when -trigraphs is not enabled.
		Just because the kernel may use gcc extensions, it would not be a bad idea to keep such things to a minimum so as less likely to slip into using those things on other projects.
		I've dealt with compilers that did trigraphs by default, and been bit.) mrc -- Mike Castle Life is like a clock: You can work constantly [EMAIL PROTECTED] and be right all the time, or not work at all www.netcom.com/~dalgoda/ and be right at least twice a day.
	www.mail-archive.com /bug-cvs@gnu.org/msg00297.html (340 words)

	Filter::Trigraph - understand ANSI C trigraphs in Perl source. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Filter::Trigraph - understand ANSI C trigraphs in Perl source.
		ISO 646 is a character set very like ASCII, but with 9 of you favourite characters removed.
		ANSI C supports this limited character set using a wonderful system called ``trigraphs'' that replace the 9 missing essential characters with sequences of two question marks and another symbol.
	cpan.uwinnipeg.ca /htdocs/Filter-Trigraph/Filter/Trigraph.html (223 words)

	CL4.org - Name gender calculator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For example, the name Peter is split into the trigraphs pet, ete, and ter.
		I suspect that there are more trigraphs unique (or almost unique) to male names than there are to female ones.
		One problem with this method is that it does not deal well with male names that can be extended into their female forms.
	cl4.org /comp/gender (306 words)

	Options Controlling the Preprocessor
		Therefore, only trigraphs that would form escaped newlines produce warnings inside a comment.
		This suppresses things like macro expansion, trigraph conversion, escaped newline splicing, and processing of most directives.
		By default, GCC ignores trigraphs, but in standard-conforming modes it converts them.
	www.redhat.com /docs/manuals/enterprise/RHEL-3-Manual/gcc/preprocessor-options.html (2233 words)

	Perl: Counting diagraphs and trigraphs in Perl
		Actually, the words digraph and trigraph are usually used with a different meaning: they refer to two-character and three-character sequences regardless of whether they appear as independent words or as part of larger words.
		The statistics of digraphs and trigraphs can be used in compression algorithms and in code breaking.
		If we take from your question that you want to count the number of two- and three-character sequences (sequences, that is, containing alphabetic characters only), the approach that rj2 has shown is pretty good.
	www.experts-exchange.com /Programming/Programming_Languages/Perl/Q_21102173.html (230 words)

	Re: yacc and trigraphs
		Trigraphs can affect the boundaries of comments and strings, and these boundaries in turn affect whether braces are recognized.
		> A case could be made that yacc should recognize trigraph encodings > of braces in actions.
		To repeat an argument in comp.std.c: if you go that direction, can't a similar case be made that yacc should recognize any preprocessor encodings of braces in actions?
	www.opengroup.org /austin/mailarchives/ag/msg05184.html (199 words)

	kbAlertz: Trigraphs are three-character sequences used to represent punctuation unavailable in a character set. When ...
		kbAlertz: Trigraphs are three-character sequences used to represent punctuation unavailable in a character set.
		Trigraphs are three-character sequences used to represent punctuation unavailable in a character set.
		Trigraph translation is not finished before processing, so the #endif (the equivalent of ??=endif) is not reached.
	www.kbalertz.com /kb_Q120668.aspx (389 words)

	Info: (cpp.info.gz) Invocation
		However, a trigraph that would form an escaped newline (`??/' at the end of a line) can, by changing where the comment begins or ends.
		If `-Wall' is not given, this option is still enabled unless trigraphs are enabled.
		To get trigraph conversion without warnings, but get the other `-Wall' warnings, use `-trigraphs -Wall -Wno-trigraphs'.
	www.cit.gu.edu.au /teaching/2105CIT/cgi-bin/info2html.cgi?(cpp.info.gz)Invocation (3257 words)

	[No title]
		The CodeWarrior 11 compiler is the reason I had to use trigraphs.
		I have to preprocess prog.c without trigraphs, save the result as prog2.c, then compile prog2.c with trigraphs to get the program to work.
		Compiling on Mac OS X 10.1.5 requires changing ??= to \# on line 3 because the compiler doesn't recognize ??= as a trigraph (which I consider a compiler bug).
	www.ioccc.org /2004/jdalbec.hint (847 words)

	Re: ANSI trigraphs enabled by default in X sources
		The alternative is to research how to >disable trigraphs on _every_ compiler that XFree86 may support :/ That about sums it up.
		ANSI trigraphs enabled by default in X sources Mike A. Harris
		Re: ANSI trigraphs enabled by default in X sources Mike A. Harris
	www.mail-archive.com /devel%40xfree86.org/msg00425.html (355 words)

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