
	Where results make sense

Topic: Trihalomethane

Related Topics

Chloroform

Phenol

In the News (Wed 30 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Trihalomethane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trihalomethanes (THMs) are chemical compounds in which three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH) are replaced by halogen atoms.
		Trihalomethanes released to the environment break down faster than chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), thereby doing less damage to the ozone layer (if they contain chlorine).
		Trihalomethanes are formed as a byproduct when chlorine or bromine are used to purify water for drinking.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trihalomethane (358 words)

	Abstract Reprints
		Trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and chlorodibromomethane) are common contaminants of chlorinated drinking water.
		We examined exposure to trihalomethanes and spontaneous abortion in a prospective study of 5,144 pregnant women in a prepaid health plan.
		We calculated total trihalomethane levels by averaging all measurements taken by the subject's utility during her first trimester.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /publicat/cdic-mcc/19-3/h_e.html (3821 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Trihalomethanes are formed in drinking water during treatment by chlorine, which reacts with certain acids that are in naturally-occurring organic material (e.g., decomposing vegetation such as tree leaves, algae or other aquatic plants).
		Trihalomethanes are commonly found in drinking water supplies throughout the United States in concentrations ranging from 1 to 540 parts per billion.
		Trihalomethanes are formed in drinking water during treatment by chlorine, which reacts with certain acids that are in naturally-occurring organic material (e.g., decomposing vegetation such as tree leaves, algae or other aquatic plants) in surface water sources such as rivers and lakes.
	www.colonie.org /lathamwater/TrihalomethaneReport.htm (1106 words)

	Bethany water system complies - Delaware Wave - delmarvanow.com
		The regulations lower the acceptable amount of trihalomethane permitted in drinking water after government officials decided established levels were too high.
		Trihalomethane is not the same substance recently found in Millsboro and Dagsboro's drinking water, Bethany officials were quick to point out.
		"Trihalomethane is produced when chlorine interacts with any naturally occurring organic matter in our source water," Graviet said in a letter to residents.
	www.delmarvanow.com /bethanybeach/stories/20051109/2220738.html (479 words)

	H3Environmental (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Trihalomethane is now known to be a carcinogenic organic chemical.
		To bring the levels of trihalomethane in chlorinated water down to an acceptable level, the government is using both ozone (a beneficial gas that kills bacteria) as well as chloromine, (a combination of chlorine and ammonia) in place of chlorine to kill bacteria in our drinking water.
		It took almost 40 years before it was discovered that trihalomethane is a by-product of the chlorination process.
	www.h3environmental.com /html/products/water_facts.html (722 words)

	Fort Lupton and trihalomethane levels in drinking water standards--what you need to know (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Trihalomethanes are a group of four chemicals—chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform —formed, along with other disinfection by-products, when chlorine or other disinfectants used to control microbial contaminants in drinking water react with naturally occurring organic and inorganic matter in water.
		Trihalomethanes are much more prevalent in public water supplies because most use chlorination as a disinfection technology.
		The family of compounds referred to, trihalomethanes, are a byproduct of the treatment of surface and groundwater for drinking.
	www.fortlupton.org /h2odrinkstd.htm (564 words)

	EWG Report \|\| Consider the Source: Farm runoff, chlorination byproducts, and human health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Exposures to chloroform and other trihalomethanes were ecologic variables based on maternal residence and a 1987 municipal water survey.
		The major limitations of this study involve the ascertainment and classification of exposures to trihalomethanes, including such issues as the imprecision of using aggregate municipal measures for classifying exposure at the level of the individual, the potential misclassification due to residential mobility, and the fluctuation of trihalomethane levels.
		Abstract: Trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and chlorodibromomethane) are common contaminants of chlorinated drinking water.
	www.ewg.org /reports/considerthesource/abstracts.html?print_version=1 (2353 words)

	The Herald-Zeitung
		The filters are intended to relieve concerns of residents who found out several weeks ago that their water has contained levels of trihalomethane that for more than a year have exceeded federal standards.
		Trihalomethane is not a result of a contaminant in the water but as a result of the chlorination process used to clean water that contains organic matter.
		Trihalomethane levels on a BexarMet line in Bulverde Hills tested in the third quarter registered 93.90 parts per billion.
	www.herald-zeitung.com /story.lasso?wcd=14854 (1057 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The first simulation illustrates typical chlorine decay and trihalomethane formation dynamics towards the end of winter, which is characterized by low and stable values of temperature and TOC (Figure 1).
		Somewhere in the middle of spring, with a gradual increase of the effluent temperature to average spring values (scenario #3), reactions of trihalomethane precursors with chlorine are faster, which subsequently results in higher TTHM levels.
		In that scenario, elevated levels of trihalomethane are of the main concern.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~rogalski/SpringEQMfp.html (940 words)

	Archives of Environmental Health: Trihalomethane concentrations in swimmers' and bath attendants' blood and urine after ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Trihalomethane concentrations in swimmers' and bath attendants' blood and urine after swimming or working in indoor swimming pools.
		The influence of working or swimming in indoor swimming pools on the concentrations of four trihalomethanes (haloforms) in blood and urine was investigated.
		The proportions of trihalomethanes in blood and urine correlated roughly with those in water and ambient air.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:16860842&refid=holomed_1 (213 words)

	Roanoke Daily Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In January, the acceptable level for trihalomethane was lowered by the federal government.
		Trihalomethane is created when water is treated with chlorine to kill pathogens in the supply.
		Littleton is not alone in the trihalomethane problem.
	www.rrdailyherald.com /articles/2003/09/09/news/news4.txt (385 words)

	Disinfection Byproducts and Pregnancy - Journal Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To identify the specific components that may be of aetiological concern and hence to fit the most appropriate exposure model with which to investigate human exposure to chlorinated DBPs, further detailed toxicological assessments of the mixture of byproducts commonly found in drinking water are also needed.
		Two of the four trihalomethane compounds occur in large enough concentrations to be analyzed (chloroform and bromodichloromethane (BDCM)).
		Various toxicological and epidemiological studies point towards an association between trihalomethanes (THMs), one of the main DBPs and marker for total DBP load, and (low) birth weight, although the evidence is not conclusive.
	www.cyber-nook.com /water/tbl_adbp.html (3812 words)

	Trihalomethane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Trihalomethane : One of a family of organic compounds named as derivative of methane.
		Relation of trihalomethane concentrations in public water supplies...
		Relation of trihalomethane concentrations in public water supplies to stillbirth and birth weight in three water regions in England.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/environment/Trihalomethane.html (433 words)

	Title: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Abstract: A trihalomethane (THM) monitoring program undertaken by the Alameda County Water District in California revealed that THMs generated by chlorination practices at the District's Mission San Jose Water Treatment Plant were a major contributor of THMs that appear in the distribution system.
		Abstract: To reduce trihalomethane (THM) levels, it is expected that most public water systems will modify their disinfection process including changing the point of chlorination or use of an alternative disinfection.
		Abstract: As a result of the promulgation of regulations controlling trihalomethane concentrations in potable water, the Galveston County Water Authority was required to investigate the use of an oxidant/disinfectant other than, or in combination with, chlorine for use at their water treatment plant in Texas City, Texas.
	www.clo2.com /reading/Subject_Papers/dbp.htm (6402 words)

	[No title]
		Cumulative exposure to trihalomethanes was estimated by combining individual year-by-year average trihalomethane level and daily tap water consumption.
		In 1976, chloroform, a trihalomethane (THM) and a principal DBP, was shown to be carcinogenic in rodents.
		Levels of total trihalomethanes, nitrates, and residual chlorine were not associated with bladder cancer risk after controlling for years of exposure to chlorinated water.
	www.cyber-nook.com /water/tbl_adbc.html (6171 words)

	Trihalomethane
		For these reasons total trihalomethanes (TTHM) in public water supplies are limited to 0.1 ppm (100 ppb).
		Current regulations limit the concentration of these four chemicals added together (total trihalomethane or TTHM levels) to 100 ug/l.
		Humic substances are the organic portion of soil that remains after prolonged microbial decomposition, and that is formed by the decay of leaves, wood, and other vegetable matter.
	www.southerndatastream.com /thm (1560 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / Water quality takes back seat to cost
		In January, residents got a notice that the water violated a public safety standard last year with high levels of trihalomethanes, a chlorination byproduct linked to cancer and developmental problems.
		Next month, residents will receive a second warning, that trihalomethane levels were above the safety regulations again in the first quarter of this year.
		Last month, after weeks of meetings, commissioners devised a solution to the unsafe trihalomethane levels: They are now running the treatment plant 24 hours a day, rather than 8, and replacing old filters while checking water quality more frequently -- improvements they hope to pay for with the first water rate increase since 1997.
	www.boston.com /news/local/articles/2005/03/31/water_quality_takes_back_seat_to_cost (491 words)

	Teaching Brief - MedPage Today
		However, the study found an association between trihalomethane exposure in the third trimester and low birth weight, said David A. Savitz, Ph.D., and colleagues at the University of North Carolina School of Public Health here.
		The investigators examined the data for an association between exposure to the byproduct compounds and pregnancy outcomes, adjusting for such factors as age, education, alcohol use, and prior pregnancy history.
		However, the study did find an association between trihalomethane exposure in the third trimester and low birth weight (odds ratio 2.1; 95% CI 1.1-3.8).
	www.medpagetoday.com /tbprint.cfm?tbid=1456 (577 words)

	Gulf Ecology Division
		In the presence of 106 power cells ml-1 Isochrysis galbana, chlorination of filtered estuarine water with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to a nominal 10 mg 1-1 chlorine increased the total trihalomethane concentration by an average of 41% (N=6).
		The absence of any significant statistical correlations between the chlorophyll a content of algal cultures and trihalomethane concentrations causes us to discount chlorine-chlorophyll a interactions as a source of these compounds.
		However, trihalomethane concentrations produced from the chlorination of algal culture media, after removal of algal populations, suggests instead that the observed trends in trihalomethane production are mainly due to chlorines reaction with the by-products of algal metabolism.
	www.epa.gov /ged/publica/c0523.htm (282 words)

	USGS WRIR 98-4147: Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations and Compositions, and Trihalomethane Formation Potentials in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Dissolved organic carbon concentration, trihalomethane formation potential, and ultraviolet absorbance were all highly correlated, showing that trihalomethane precursors increased with increasing dissolved organic carbon and ultraviolet absorbance for whole water samples.
		Contrary to the generally accepted conceptual model for trihalomethane formation that assumes that aromatic forms of carbon are primary precursors to trihalomethanes, results from this study indicate that dissolved organic carbon aromaticity appears unrelated to trihalomethane formation on a
		Thus, dissolved organic carbon aromaticity alone cannot fully explain or predict trihalomethane precursor content, and further investigation of aromatic and nonaromatic forms of carbon will be needed to better identify trihalomethane precursors.
	ca.water.usgs.gov /archive/reports/wrir984147 (10388 words)

	The UVOX Process Applied to Reduction of Trihalomethane Formation Potential and Disinfection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The UVOX process was developed to reduce the high concentrations of trihalomethanes, a potentially hazardous disinfection by-product found in a surface water supply for a community in northeastern Saskatchewan.
		Test results indicated that the UVOX process was effective in reducing trihalomethane formation potential to very low levels.
		Trihalomethane destruction; advanced oxidation process; ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide; Giardia lamblia cyst inactivation.
	www.cciw.ca /wqrjc/27-1/27-1-185.htm (201 words)

	TOWN OF BELLINGHAM WATER DEPARTMENT
		Bromoform: (a Trihalomethane) Some people who drink water containing bromoform at high concentrations for many years could experience liver and kidney problems.
		Chloroform: (a Trihalomethane) Some people who drink water containing chloroform at high concentrations for many years could experience liver and kidney problems and may have an increased risk of cancer.
		Chlorodibromomethane: (a Trihalomethane) Some people who drink water containing chlorodibromomethane at high concentrations for many years could experience liver and kidney problems.
	www.bellinghamma.org /DPW/Drinkingwaterqual.htm (2800 words)

	Effect of trihalomethane exposure on fetal development -- Wright et al. 60 (3): 173 -- Occupational and Environmental ...
		Maternal trihalomethane exposure was estimated from the average
		Teratology studies on orally administered chloroform in the rat and the rabbit.
		Trihalomethanes in public water supplies and adverse birth outcomes.
	oem.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/60/3/173 (4055 words)

	Use of routinely collected data on trihalomethane in drinking water for epidemiological purposes -- Keegan et al. 58 ...
		Use of routinely collected data on trihalomethane in drinking water for epidemiological purposes -- Keegan et al.
		Use of routinely collected data on trihalomethane in drinking water for epidemiological purposes
		To explore the use of routinely collected trihalomethane (THM) measurements for epidemiological studies.
	oem.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/58/7/447 (445 words)

	J Water SRT - Aqua 53 (2004) 159-168 Carlo Collivignarelli and Sabrina Sorlini - Trihalomethane, chlorite and bromate ...
		J Water SRT - Aqua 53 (2004) 159-168 Carlo Collivignarelli and Sabrina Sorlini - Trihalomethane, chlorite and bromate formation in drinking water oxidation of Italian surface waters
		Trihalomethane, chlorite and bromate formation in drinking water oxidation of Italian surface waters
		Consequently many utilities are closely optimizing their disinfection practices in order to meet the regulation standards.
	www.iwaponline.com /jws/053/jws0530159.htm (269 words)

	The Herald-Zeitung
		The district recently sent a letter to more than 300 residents after water pumped to the area was found to exceed the maximum levels for trihalomethane.
		The Environmental Protection Agency has set standards for trihalomethane in water because there is a slight possibility of an increased risk of bladder or colorectal cancer over a lifetime of drinking water with trihalomethane above 80 parts per billion.
		EPA estimates drinking two liters of water containing 100 parts per billion trihalomethane every day for 70 years could result in three extra cases of cancer for every 10,000 people.
	www.herald-zeitung.com /story.lasso?wcd=14806 (490 words)

	J Water SRT - Aqua 52 (2003) 199-215 - Manuel J. Rodriguez et. al. - Predicting trihalomethane formation in chlorinated ...
		Predicting trihalomethane formation in chlorinated waters using multivariate regression and neural networks
		In this paper, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict trihalomethane (THM) formation resulting from chlorination bench-scale experiments is investigated and compared with the use of classical multivariate linear regression (MLR).
		ANN and MLR were developed from three databases which were generated through bench-scale chlorination essays carried out in the US and Canada.
	www.iwaponline.com /jws/052/jws0520199.htm (235 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)