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Topic: Trinil

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	Trinil 2 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trinil 2 is the fossilized upper cranium of the species Homo erectus.
		It was discovered in Trinil, Indonesia by Eugene Dubois in 1891.
		Dubois initially classified it as Pithecanthropus erectus but it was reclassified in the 1950s by Ernst Mayr when he combined Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus into Homo erectus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trinil_2 (103 words)

	The Jakarta Post - The Journal of Indonesia Today
		Trinil, born on July 27, 1965, has written the poem in Surabaya dialect and uses a traditional, sentimental style to describe her criticism of young people in Surabaya who have forgotten their indigenous culture.
		Although she may be considered a newcomer in modern Javanese literature, Trinil, who also teaches at the school of pedagogy at Surabaya State University, is unique as a writer.
		If you compare Trinil's work with that of other writers that also features Surabaya, then you will find that her works are not only rich in Surabaya dialect but are also laden with the cultural values of the city.
	www.thejakartapost.com /yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20050826.Q02 (894 words)

	4Forums.com - View Single Post - Homo erectus
		The Trinil skull cap is distinctive in having a very low and long profile with a bluntly V-shaped occipital bulge (see the figure, panels A and B).
		Some specimens of this substantial assemblage preserve a temporal bone (missing in Trinil) with unusual morphology: Unlike other mammals, this hominid's intracranial sigmoid sinuses were not single, but arborized prior to draining into the jugular veins (panel E).
		The Trinil fossils (the H. erectus type specimen) and the Sangiran fossils represent the same species and show a wide range of individual variation.
	www.4forums.com /political/showpost.php?p=60696&postcount=1 (1347 words)

	1938: Archaeology - Archive Article - MSN Encarta
		During the past ten years southeastern Asia has yielded much evidence bearing on the physical characteristics of early man. The principal sites involved are: the caves of Choukoutien, not far from Peiping; Ngandong on the Solo river, Java, and the Trinil deposits, also in Java.
		It will be recalled that it was in the Trinil deposits that Eugene Dubois discovered Pithecanthropus (1891).
		Regarding correlations the Lower Paleolithic of Burma seems to fit into the same Middle Pleistocene horizon as the Trinil beds, Choukoutien, the basal Narbada, and the Abbevillean from Madras and the Punjab.
	encarta.msn.com /sidebar_461500047/1938_Archaeology.html (1665 words)

	Ngawi Tourism Object
		Trinil museum, 12 kilometers in the west of Ngawi is in same direction of Soerjo monument It constitutes the complex of myth of ancient man fossil (prehistoric men fossil) (Pithecanthropus erectus) and also fossils of other ancient life which has been raised to the world of science by archeologist Eugene Dubois since 1891.
		In this very complex of myths, there exist many kinds of facilities such as: the place to keep the fossils any its exposition, fossil laboratory, and others where all of them lie at the side of Solo river.
		Excavation at Trinil continued through the first decades of this century, but no further supporting evidence came to light.
	www.petra.ac.id /eastjava/cities/ngawi/tourobj/trinil.htm (538 words)

	Athena Review, 4,1: The Discovery of "Java Man" in 1891
		Test excavations in sandstone deposits at Trinil in 1891 first revealed abundant fossils of extinct deer, elephants, and buffalo, and the molar of an extinct chimpanzee Anthropopithecus.
		By the late 1930s the resemblance of the Trinil skullcap to Chinese finds at Zhoukoudian (box 2) became obvious, and Pithecanthropus was reclassified as an early human (Homo).
		The Trinil 2 skullcap (dated before 800,000 BP) is recognized as the type specimen of Homo erectus.
	www.athenapub.com /13dubox1.htm (555 words)

	Java Pleistocene Formation definitions
		Near Trinil, more to the East, the facies is the same, the thickness 175 m.
		Diagnostic fossils: Trinil Fauna of von Koenigswald (1934).
		Even more to the West, at Trinil, the Pucangan Formation is represented by 100 m volcanic breccias, with local intercalations of sandstones, tuffs and tuffaceous fl clays, with freshwater molluscs.
	nummulites.net /javaPleist.html (4405 words)

	Human Ancestors Hall: Sangiran 2
		It is a more complete specimen than the Trinil braincase (Trinil 2).
		Its cranial capacity has been measured at around 815 cc, which is significantly smaller than the Trinil individual.
		This has caused some speculation that the individual was immature at death, or perhaps a small female.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/ha/sang2.html (222 words)

	[No title]
		However Hooijer never said that the faunal methods were useless, or that the Wadjak and Trinil faunas were the same.
		By far the simplest resolution of the tapir discrepancy is, as Hooijer stated, that Tapirus indicus survived longer than previously thought on Java (Lubenow does admit this possibility).
		Lubenow claims that Dubois concealed the Wadjak fossils because the discrepancy of the tapir would have contradicted his claim that Java Man was far older than Wadjak.
	www.grahamkendall.net /Unsorted_files-1/A263-Java_Man.txt (987 words)

	SelenkaExpedition
		Extensive mining and digging operations commenced, with 10,000 cubic meters of material were removed to reach the fossil bearing layer of the Trinil formation, under 35 feet of volcanic sediment.
		The summary chapter by Dr. Max Blanckenhorn was an apology to the readers because he felt the expedition to have been "fruitless" since it failed to substanitiate Dubois.
		Dubois had three warnings of it: One, the Trinil femur and skullcap evidenced wide morphological diversity in a single contemporaneous population.
	www.geocities.com /agseventyfour/SelenkaExpedition (947 words)

	Early Man: Java Man (Pithecanthropus erectus) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		He received an assignment in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) where he assumed man had evolved and was given support for digging for fossils from two engineers and fifty forced laborers.
		This throws red flags, for if the human skulls could be associated with the Trinil finds, their credibility would be severely diminished.
		In the same stratum in which P. was found, splinters of bones and tusks, foundations of hearths and pieces of wood charcoal were discovered.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/PhysicalAnthropology/HumanFossils/EarlyMan/EarlyMan.htm (445 words)

	Foley/Milton debate, message 5a3
		The question we >are discussing here is, was the creature to whom the Trinil skullcap >belonged human-like (Homo) or apelike (eg a gibbon or gibbon-like animal).
		Richard has dodged around the fact that his statement that "the skullcap is NOW regarded as that of an extinct gibbon-like creature" is blatantly false, and he has not even attempted to defend it.
		It is slightly smaller, 835 cc instead of 914, and "resembles the Trinil skull as closely as one egg another".
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/homs/milton5a3.html (5107 words)

	The Java Man skullcap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Trinil 2, "Java Man", "Pithecanthropus I", Homo erectus (was Pithecanthropus erectus)
		Discovered by Eugene Dubois in 1891 near Trinil in Java.
		Its age is uncertain, but thought to be about 700,000 years.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/homs/java.html (195 words)

	trinil_man - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "trinil man" is defined.
		Trinil man : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
		Trinil man : LookWAYup Translating Dictionary/Thesaurus [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=trinil_man&loc=resrd (115 words)

	Homo erectus - Leakey Ancestors
		This half scale model is based on a skull cap discovered in 1891, Trinil 2 ("Java Man") and a composite skull and mandible discovered between 1928-37 ("Peking Man").
		The skull is very different from discoveries made later in Africa, frequently called Homo ergaster.
		This species is known from China, and Javaand in Africa as Homo ergaster in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa.
	www.inhandmuseum.com /LA/erectus/ErectusFrame.html (672 words)

	The Ape-Men II
		He found a tooth near the village of Trinil on Java in 1891, and a month later a flat, very thick skull-cap (see picture) with a large brow-ridge.
		It has been proven that just on account of their size, they couldn't have been part of the same jaw, and besides, two belonged to an orangutan.
		After several decades of lies and misinterpretation, Dubois finally admitted before his death, that he had also found ape thighbones and human skulls in Trinil, and that his ape-man was nothing more than a large ape related to the gibbons.
	www.cryingvoice.com /Evolution/ApeMen2.html (1061 words)

	Indonesia - History
		Their remains are identified as Jetis--the earlier specimens found in eastern Java--and Trinil--later specimens found in Central Java, including the Solo River area.
		Evidence of probable descendants of the Trinil erectus, known as Homo soloensis or Solo Man, was found at Ngandong, also in Central Java; these descendants are thought to have evolved between 500,000 and 100,000 years ago.
		Assemblages of stone tools have not clearly been tied to Homo soloensis, but there is evidence that these early Homo sapiens had a rudimentary social organization (small hunting and gathering bands) and used simple tools around 40,000 years ago.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/3.htm (350 words)

	UFO Area Java Skull Raises Questions on Human Family Tree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		"Fossils found at Trinil and Sangiran range in age from about 1.8 million years old to maybe as young as 780,000 years old," said Carl Swisher, a geochronologist at Rutgers University, New Jersey.
		Whether there is enough difference between the early fossils and the later fossils that they should be considered two separate species or a sub-species is also controversial.
		The authors conclude, based on variations in skull shape and a lack of diversity among Javanese populations living 25,000 to 50,000 years ago, that Sm 4 is a transitional form, an evolutionary step taking the later Javanese populations farther away from classical Homo erectus remains found at Trinil and Sangiran.
	www.ufoarea.com /evolution_java_skull.html (957 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Trinil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Trinil; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref?title=Trinil (202 words)

	Homo erectus
		In this description of the species, the material that has been attributed as ergaster and erectus in the above splitting scenario will be covered, with the heidelbergensis material discussed under the page dedicated to that species.
		Dubois was inspired by A. Wallace's conviction that the origins of modern humans might lie in Southeast Asia.
		Specimens like Sangiran 17 and Trinil 2 have been dated to approximately 800 kyr and 400 kyr, respectively.
	www.archaeologyinfo.com /homoerectus.htm (2344 words)

	Athena Review 4,1: Introduction to Homo erectus
		Pleistocene fossil beds along the Solo River and Kendig Hills in east-central Java (named the Trinil or Kendig zone by Dubois) soon revealed faunal correspondences with the Siwalik Hills, including rhinocerous, hippopotami, a primitive elephant Stegadon, buffalo, deer, hyenas, and large felines.
		The Trinil 2 calvaria (box 1) shows a low, sloping profile with a pinched-in, postorbital constriction contrasting to the domelike form of the modern human skull.
		Two decades after the Trinil 2 discovery, 1909-10 German excavations led by Margarete Selenka across the Solo River from Trinil recovered Pleistocene fauna of a narrower and mainly later range than those found by Dubois.
	www.athenapub.com /13intro-he.htm (6716 words)

	Homo erectus
		The difference between erectus and ergaster is not purely geographic, however, as Homo erectus also manages a more robust face than is found in ergaster.
		erectus is the Cranium from Trinil in Java, found by Dubois in 1891.
		~Trinil 2 is the type specimen for Homo erectus
	www.msu.edu /~heslipst/contents/ANP440/erectus.htm (262 words)

	untitled1.html
		In 1891 Dubois' group of laborers dug a fine skullcap from the banks of the Solo River at Trinil; they also located a nearby femur.
		Other sites in central and eastern Java have produced further discoveries, including a number of faceless crania from Ngandong, a single specimen from Sambungmachan, and a well-preserved brain case picked up at Ngawi in 1988.
		Along with the Trinil and Sangiran fossils, most of this material has been studied extensively.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/origins/hominid_journey/erectus.html (1190 words)

	pleistocene
		The following year, he found a femur in the same deposits, at a distance of about 15 meters from the place where the skullcap was found.
		But subsequently Day and Molleson (1973) concluded that ‘the gross anatomy, radiological [X-ray] anatomy, and microscopical anatomy of the Trinil femora does not distinguish them significantly from modern human femora.’ They also said that Homo erectus femurs from China and Africa are anatomically similar, and distinct from those of Trinil.
		The layers in which the skullcap and femurs were found have a potassium-argon date of about 800ka years, roughly contemporary with the Flores finds.
	www.mcremo.com /pleistocene.html (4943 words)

	New Scientist Premium- The truth behind Trinil - Opinion
		Does a gift for storytelling overshadow the tragic life of an ambitious man, asks Michael Taylor
		IN 1893, Eugene Dubois announced that he had found the "missing link" near Trinil on the island of Java.
		These fossil remains were, he said, from a species intermediate between humans and (other) great apes.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg17022906.200.html (290 words)

	The Session: Discussions - B-flat suggestions
		Yep, the Sindt's are a bit chiffy, not recorder-like at all.
		It sounds as though a wait for a Sindt is about as long as a wait for having kids.
		I began this shopping trek because we want it in a vocal piece (Ordinary Town by Dave Carter) but I'd like to have a few tunes to do as well.
	www.thesession.org /discussions/display.php/1021 (1119 words)

	LAB 3 – Fossils & Paleopathology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Hypertrophic bone development on the left femur of Homo erectus (Trinil, Java) discovered in the 1890s.
		The calcified and ossified mass of woven bone is what can be seen on the Trinil femur.
		A good discussion of the ethics involved in studying human remains vis a vis NAGPRA and a review of the Crow Creek Site as case history can be found in Tim White’s text Human Osteology (1991:418-426) -- see Station 5.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/krigbaum/H&D_LAB3_fall04.htm (1114 words)

	The Return of the Giants (99 of 103)
		It began, in 1937, with the discovery of a large fragment of a lower jaw found in the Trinil beds of Sangiran.
		This jaw was much more complete than the one picked up by Dubois from the Trinil beds of Kedung Brubus, in 1891, and later attributed by this author to Pithecanthropus.
		Then followed the surprising discovery, in 1938, of a skull cap -- fragmentary too -- but much more complete than Dubois' Trinil skull which it resembles as one egg another in general form as well as in details.
	www.wisdomworld.org /additional/ScienceAndTheSecretDoctrine/SeriesNumber99-of-103.html (3794 words)

	Trinil - English-French Dictionary - WordReference.com
		We found no French translation for 'Trinil' in our English to French Dictionary.
		Or did you want to translate 'Trinil' from French to English?
		Forum discussions with the word(s) 'Trinil' in the title:
	www.wordreference.com /enfr/Trinil (57 words)

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