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Topic: Triode amplifier

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	Tube FAQ
		The sound of the triode amplifier is often described as "rich" or "sweet", conveying in a natural and realistic way the harmonic structure of musical instruments and voices.
		Triode adherents claim that the pure-triode output stage is sonically superior to one constructed with strapped screen grid pentodes.
		Because the triode is relatively insensitive to changes in load impedance, it is permissable to increase the primary impedance by a factor of two from the optimum value.
	www.ken-gilbert.com /techstuff/vtf.html (3841 words)

	Tube FAQ
		The sound of the triode amplifier is often described as "rich" or "sweet", conveying in a natural and realistic way the harmonic structure of musical instruments and voices.
		Triode adherents claim that the pure-triode output stage is sonically superior to one constructed with strapped screen grid pentodes.
		Because the triode is relatively insensitive to changes in load impedance, it is permissable to increase the primary impedance by a factor of two from the optimum value.
	ken-gilbert.com /techstuff/vtf.html (3841 words)

	Siegfried
		The single-ended amplifier uses a single output tube, or several in parallel that act as one, to amplify both the positive and negative polarity portions of the music signal.
		Triodes are used in single-ended circuits because they are the most linear voltage amplifying devices available, and they have low output impedance for good speaker damping without requiring negative feedback.
		While many amplifiers built today are built based on the 1960s techniques, a growing number of critical listeners and designers have been discovering that the further back they go in the history of amplifier development, the more they like the sound reproduction of the early circuits.
	www.davidberning.com /siegfried.htm (1364 words)

	[No title]
		The signal "ed" input to the cathode, is amplified, and the output signal appears as "Mu*ed" in amplitude, reversed in phase.
		The STC amplifier is especially capable of outputting large amplitudes in the low frequency portions of music signals, tending to make excessive drive of the woofer much more likely than with the power sharing that occurs, due to increasing internal impedance at low frequencies, in a conventional amplifier.
		The drain of a 2SK30A-Y JFET is inserted at the cathode of the 1st stage amplifier (a 12AU7/2 in grounded grid configuration) and configured as a cascode amplifier.
	www2u.biglobe.ne.jp /~hu_amp/amput3e.htm (8095 words)

	Common-cathode amplifier design ideas
		Although not that popular, the common-cathode amplifier is one of my favorite tube circuits—with good cause, as it offers low input capacitance, low distortion, no phase inversion, and two inputs, the second of which can readily accept feedback from the output or a sampling of power supply noise, to null the noise at the output.
		The common-cathode amplifier is well named, as its primary attribute lies in its having a shared cathode connection between the input triode and the output triode, which works into a plate resistor.
		But since the amplifying triode is not perfectly linear, the triode as resistor counter balances the triode as amplifier to straighten the transfer curve.
	www.tubecad.com /2005/April/blog0042.htm (1794 words)

	Valve amplifier - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		A valve amplifier (British English), also known as a tube amplifier or vacuum-tube amplifier (in American English), is a device for electrically increasing the power of an electrical signal, typically sound.
		Fundamentally, valve amplifiers are amplifier built using valves as the main active components.
		The subject is further complicated by the way triodes and MOSFETS have certain similarities in their transfer characteristics, whereas later forms of the valve, the tetrode] and pentode have quite different characteristics, in some ways reminiscent of the transistor.
	www.free-definition.com /Valve-amplifier.html (824 words)

	Stan White Audio Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		As originally configured, the amplifier was constructed on two chassis, the power supply on one chassis, and the audio circuit on the other.
		This section or block is composed of a voltage amplifier, phase inverter and driver.
		The amplifier is a double triode, a 6SN7, one section direct coupled to the phase inverter.
	www.stan-white.org /a_doc_Williamson.htm (2611 words)

	VAC - Some Thoughts on Amplifier Design
		This single phase splitter triode is interesting, in that the very same electron current flow creates the antiphase push and pull signals, which, given equal impedances within the amp (they are), match exactly.
		Amplifiers running subscript 2 operation often may be identified by the use of a power tube (2A3, 300B, etc.) in the driver position.
		In the case of a feedback amplifier, better control of speaker motion is said to occur because the speaker's excess motion creates a voltage (the back e.m.f.) which enters the feedback loop via the amp's output terminals.
	www.vac-amps.com /no_se_amps.html (2195 words)

	SE84B Zen Triode from High Fidelity Engineering, budget single-ended amplifier - home listening test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Cheap tubes are a good thing with this amplifier as Steve Deckert, designer and builder of the Zen and other products, has biased the output tubes on the high side to improve sound at the expense of tube life.
		This amplifier reproduces vocals with rich and complete tonal quality, as good as anything I have listened to in the past, and definitely better than anything else that I have been privileged to audition in its class.
		Many amplifiers are difficult or fatiguing to listen to because of harsh overtones, distortion, grittiness, detail veiling, or other sonic debris that clutters the output and deadens the impact of music on the listener.
	www.tnt-audio.com /ampli/zentriode_e.html (2779 words)

	Red Rock amplifiers
		The outputs of this tube are capacitively coupled to the four 572 output tubes, which are in a parallel push pull configuration.
		All amplifier circuit wiring is point to point and utilizes high quality turret wiring posts.
		Another feature of the case design is decorative front wings, which allows the customer to customize the look to compliment his or her home décor.
	www.audiolimits.com /html/red_rock_amplifiers.html (484 words)

	Notes on Hiroshi Uda's STC Amplifiers
		I think this amplifier can be considered as a modern way to realise a two stage Loftin-White -like amplifier, swapping the expensive output triode with a feedbacked pentode in near unity-gain/inverting and low-Z mode.
		But, to assume the upper triode is a "valve resistor" is to easily derive the conclusion that this valve could be replaced with a simple resistor alone.
		Put simply, we have a concertina, with the anode range of the feedback triode determined by the variations of the anode of the feedback triode, and the cathode range of the feedback triode determined by the variations in the output valve's grid drive.
	www.alphalink.com.au /~cambie/STCNotes.htm (12995 words)

	Improving the Cascode's PSRR (page 2)
		In the Grounded Cathode amplifier the transconductance of the triode is mitigated by the addition of the plate resistor.
		The top triode strives both to shield the input grid from the top triode's Miller effect and to preserve the transconductance of the bottom triode.
		This effective increase in capacitance greatly reduces the high frequency response of the amplifier; whereas in the Cascode amplifier, the input grid-to-plate capacitance is virtually identical to its static value, as its plate voltage is held at a nearly constant value.
	www.tubecad.com /march99/page2.html (358 words)

	FSAudioWeb - High End Audio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Unfortunately, the number of "true" push-pull triode amplifiers is extremely limited (most of todays triodes are strapped pentodes) but they are worth tracking down.
		All Renaissance amplifiers use the 300B triode tube, something that might be considered an anachronism in this age of supercomputers.
		Their xceptional linearity, even when compared to other triodes and to triode-strapped pentodes or beam power tubes (EL34, KT88), was one of the main reasons VAC decided to use 300Bs in the Renaissance amplifier series.
	www.fsaudioweb.com /reviews/vac_ren3030.html (2109 words)

	Triode Spirit
		Of course, that new possibility doesn't affect the legendary musicality of the Triode Spirits that is still at the best level of the excellence : Respect of harmonic richness of the Triode tube, total absence of hum and noise thanks to its regulated power supply.
		At the origins of low frequency tube amplifiers, the mounting of a single tube was reserved to devices using simple and cheap materials.
		When the amplifiers of the "Triode Spirit" series were proposed for sale there was only one finish quality called "STandard" and consisted of a chassis covered by a a lacquered paint loaded with bronze powder.
	www.jcverdier.com /ADSL/triodesp.htm (1754 words)

	[No title]
		It is a duo triode with a combined plate dissipation of 26 watts.
		To find any bigger triodes you have to go up to transmitting bottles that are capable of a kilowatt or more and need 2000 volts on the plates.
		Strictly speaking the peak screen voltage was about twice that but data on other tubes and for a single ended triode connected 6L6 seemed to use the max screen voltage as the operating voltage for a triode connection.
	www.angelfire.com /electronic/funwithtubes/Triode_Power_Amplifier.html (1188 words)

	The WAVAC MD-300B Single-Ended Triode Amplifier by Wayne Donnelly
		The WAVAC MD-300B Single-Ended Triode Amplifier by Wayne Donnelly
		Arriving around the same time as the amplifier were the Von Schweikert dB-99 loudspeakers, smaller siblings to the dB-100s that recently won a Best of 2002 award on Enjoy the Music.
		As with virtually all SET amplifiers, the most glorious aspect of the MD-300B's sound is the midrange.
	www.enjoythemusic.com /magazine/equipment/1102/wavacmd300b.htm (1943 words)

	Atma-Sphere Music Systems - Papers
		The single-ended triode circuit, shown in Figure 1, has been in use since the 1920s, and is the basic building block of 99% of all tube preamplifiers and most tube amplifiers in use today.
		Common-mode rejection ratio is the measurement of a differential amplifier's ability to not amplify noise that is common to both inputs.
		This type of circuit has all the advantages of cascode and differential amplifiers, resulting in an amplifier that has fewer parts for the amount of gain available than is possible using conventional triode circuits, while at the same time having lower distortion and noise.
	www.atma-sphere.com /papers/theory.html (1263 words)

	Nothing is Something - by Floyd Sweet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Since the vacuum triode operates in dimensions more than four and provides a line between the multi-dimensional reality of the quantum state and a link between Dirac Sea we are now dealing with an open-ended system, not the closed system within which all conservation and thermodynamic laws were developed.
		Output of the vacuum triode is not proportional to the excitation input as the output produced by the device is directly proportional to the load which is placed upon it.
		The triode's output voltage and frequency always remains constant due to the conditioning of the motional E-field in the permanent magnets and the small regulated excitation signal which is provided through a small oscillator.
	jnaudin.free.fr /vta/index.htm (5512 words)

	Stereophile: Manley Laboratories 250 Neo-Classic monoblock power amplifier
		With both balanced and unbalanced inputs and an output stage capable of operating in both tetrode and triode modes, the Manley 250 Neo-Classic is four amplifiers in one chassis and thus represents four times as much labor in the measuring lab.
		Fig.3 shows the output waveform with the amplifier in tetrode mode driving 10kHz into 8 ohms; fig.4 is with the amplifier in triode mode.
		The level is higher in triode mode than in tetrode, but both modes are respectively low into impedances of 4 ohms and higher, at least between the midbass and the top audio octave.
	stereophile.com /tubepoweramps/670/index5.html (825 words)

	ASUSA K2003 budget single-ended triode amplifier - home listening test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		With the price of most single-ended amplifiers reaching unobtainable levels for all but the most dedicated, obsessed, or wealthy audio enthusiasts, many of us who desire single-ended amplifiers were left with two choices: risk divorce, bankruptcy, or some other financial calamity, or buy decades-old, broken down equipment and try our hand at repairing them.
		If an amplifier is difficult to listen to because of distortion, harshness, clipping, excessive grittiness, or other problems that mask detail or overpower the music, emotional involvement may be elusive or unattainable.
		With an amplifier is as easy to listen to as this one, true involvement becomes possible.
	www.tnt-audio.com /ampli/k2003_e.html (2346 words)

	Homebrew 3CX3000F7 Amplifier
		The 3CX3000F7 power grid triode was chosen for my HF linear amplifier because its 4000 watt plate dissipation could easily handle the heavy duty demands of Amplitude Modulation, plus I only had to build one D.C. power supply.
		High voltage wire between the power supply cabinet and the amplifier has a 30KV rating and is encapsulated in shielding stripped from LMR-400 coax cable, which is grounded at both the amp cabinet and the power supply cabinet.
		After the initial highest power test, with amplifier loading controls adjusted for linear operation, the 1 KW Navy dummy load (DA-75/U) was given a cooling off period, then the rest of the power output tests were completed.
	w2dtc.com /3cx3000f7.htm (1268 words)

	Super triode connection FX 7044 CSPP
		By constructing differential amplifier of triode for the drive stage, the unbalance of output transformer is feedbacked through the rp of opposite side of differential, because the each side of output transformer is reversed, and the differential of triode is connected by common cathode.
		The name of 'Super Triode Connection', which is invented by world famous 'guru' Kamijyo, and he defined that the STC is the feedback amplifier using rp of triode.
		The peak operation voltage from centre of the driver stage is the half of this line, because the output voltage of one side for differential driver is the half of CSPP, so plate AC voltage is almost +/-100 [V] for peak to peak for one side.
	www.gem.hi-ho.ne.jp /katsu-san/audio/7044_eng.html (1963 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Hammond output transformer is wired for 8 ohms and although not shown is terminated with an 8 ohm 100 watt resistor for test purposes.
		Even if you have a speaker connected it is possible for a malfunction or wiring error to cause the amplifier to oscillate at an ultra sonic frequency that you can't hear.
		I constructed a pentode, an ultra linear, and a triode amplifier all within the span of a few days.
	www.angelfire.com /electronic/funwithtubes/Amp-Monoblock_Triode.html (1561 words)

	D.T.N. Williamson Amplifier Circuit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Continuing our critique of the Williamson amplifier, we turn now to the amplifier circuit.
		The amplifier is composed of two sections; the "front end" or voltage amplification and phase inversion section and the power output section.
		Given everything else held constant, no triode or pentode tube operation equals "ultra linear", (constant power) operation.
	www.cosmos2000.org /audio/william2.htm (1599 words)

	StereoTimes -- Decware SE84C Zen Triode Amplifier
		In the vacuum tube amplifier family, the single-ended triode tube amplifier is the much celebrated and infamous member.
		Considerable advancements over the decades in solid-state amplifier design notwithstanding, many tube aficionados still prefer the century-old tube design because of its more sonically benign, even-ordered harmonic distortions when pushed to the limit as opposed to solid-state's predominantly odd-order harmonic distortions, which many claim to be more sonically detrimental.
		The SE84C is unable to compete, power-wise, with other amplifiers of either tube or transistor variety; but for readers possessing efficient speakers who prefer to have a minimalist and sensibly-priced reference, its $499 MSRP represents essentially an automatic recommendation.
	www.stereotimes.com /amp031502.shtml (2678 words)

	416 Triode Phono
		The shunt regulators are of the active type, using a triode shunt element control by a triode error amplifier.
		The error voltage is fed back to the cathode of the error amplifier while an 0G3 (85A2) is used to provide a reference voltage to the grid of each error amplifier.
		One of the characteristics of high mu triodes is the tendency to develop 'contact potential' in between the grid and cathode which will self bias the tube if the anode current is limited by a largish load resistance.
	www.triodeguy.com /416b_phono_stage.htm (1871 words)

	DAGOGO: Decware SE84C Zen Triode Amplifier
		In the vacuum tube amplifier family, the single-ended triode tube amplifier is the much
		amplifiers possess distinctive sonic signatures that delight every audiophile; but neither
		The goal with the Zen Triode was to reach modest listening levels in apartment type systems.
	www.dagogo.com /DecwareSE84CZenTriodeAmp.html (2509 words)

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