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Topic: Trisomy 21

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	Trisomy 18 & 13 - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital
		Again, trisomy 18 or trisomy 13 simply means there are three copies of the #18 chromosome (or of the #13 chromosome) present in each cell of the body, rather than the usual pair.
		Trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 are genetic disorders that present a combination of birth defects including severe mental retardation, as well as health problems involving nearly every organ system in the body.
		Because many babies born with trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 may not live beyond the first few days or weeks of life, it is possible that parents may have to face the fact that the baby may never go home from the hospital.
	www.lpch.org /DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/genetics/trisomy.html (1862 words)

	High-Risk Newborn - Trisomy 18 and 13
		Again, trisomy 18 or trisomy 13 simply means there are three copies of the #18 chromosome (or of the #13 chromosome) present in each cell of the body, rather than the usual pair.
		Trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 are genetic disorders that present a combination of birth defects including severe mental retardation, as well as health problems involving nearly every organ system in the body.
		Because many babies born with trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 may not live beyond the first few days or weeks of life, it is possible that parents may have to face the fact that the baby may never go home from the hospital.
	www.musckids.com /health_library/hrnewborn/trisomy.htm (1631 words)

	Brainboost - trisomy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Trisomy is the presence of one extra copy of a chromosome, such that there are 47 chromosomes in total compared to the normal number of 46 chromosomes.
		Trisomy is a chromosomal anomaly that is characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome in the cells of a person s body.
		TRISOMY 10q: This type of Trisomy is characterized by a triplication of part of the long arm of the 10th chromosome.
	www.brainboost.com /search.asp?Q=trisomy&lfmq=1 (291 words)

	Trisomy 21 mosaicism
		Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) is the most common chromosomal abnormality amongst livebirths, with an incidence of 1/800.
		It is estimated that 80% of all trisomy 21 pregnancies conceived end as spontaneous abortions or as stillbirths; approximately 2% of spontaneous abortions and 1% of stillbirths will have trisomy 21.
		Additionally, trisomy 21 fetuses may present with generalized edema (hydrops), the mechanism of which is unclear.
	www.medgen.ubc.ca /robinsonlab/mosaic/specific/trisomy21.htm (853 words)

	Trisomy 18 Foundation:
		Trisomy 18 is the second most common trisomy and occurs when a baby has three of the eighteenth chromosome.
		This type of trisomy is not hereditary, and is not due to anything the parents did or did not do, and it is by far the most common type.
		Mosaic trisomies occur when the extra chromosome is present in some (not all) of the cells, and partial trisomies occur when only part of an extra chromosome is present.
	www.trisomy18.org /site/PageServer?pagename=parents_whatisT18 (593 words)

	Genetics of Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
		Trisomy 21 infants occur less frequently among live births to mothers at age 20 (1/1600) than at age 35 (1/370), but most infants are born to younger mothers.
		Trisomy 21 is characterized by distinct phenotypic features, such as a broad face, narrow, upslanting eyes, and a large protruding tongue.
		Combining this with the total number of maternal trisomy 21 errors yields reveals that roughly 70% of all instances of free trisomy 21 are maternal meiosis I errors.
	www.altonweb.com /cs/downsyndrome/kornick.html (1889 words)

	MEDLINE_1996-2006 - Resultado página 1
		On the basis of the maternal age distribution and the reported maternal age-related risk for trisomy 21 at birth, the expected number of trisomy 21 cases was calculated for each gestational age subgroup (9-10 weeks, 11-14 weeks and 15-16 weeks).
		On the basis of the estimated maternal age- and gestational age-related risks, the expected number of trisomy 21 cases at 10-14 weeks of gestation in the 96,127 pregnancies was 329 (95% confidence interval 291-361), which was not significantly different from the observed number of 326 cases (chi2 = 0.02).
		The prevalence of trisomy 21 at 12 and 16 weeks of gestation is higher than the prevalence at 40 weeks by 30% and 21%, respectively.
	www.bireme.br /cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE_1996-2006&exprSearch=10204206&indexSearch=UI&lang=p (329 words)

	Chromosome 21 - Genetics Home Reference
		Chromosome 21 is the smallest human chromosome, spanning about 47 million base pairs (the building blocks of DNA) and representing approximately 1.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
		Genes on chromosome 21 are among the estimated 20,000 to 25,000 total genes in the human genome.
		Trisomy 21 means that each cell in the body has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two copies.
	ghr.nlm.nih.gov /chromosome=21 (724 words)

	Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
		Trisomy 21 was diagnosed by prenatal blood sampling at 30 and 31 weeks of gestation, respectively, in two fetuses with hepatosplenomegaly.
		The estimated risk for trisomy 21 based on maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness for crown-rump length was 1 in 300 or greater in 13.0% (2800 of 21 475) normal pregnancies, in 87.6% (184 of 210) of those with trisomy 21 and in 87.2% (239 of 274) with other chromosomal defects.
		Trisomy 21 and del(13)(q13q31) were not identified in either cytogenetics or fluorescence in situ hybridization studies at that time.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/down_syndrome.htm (12923 words)

	Trisomy 21 Center (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Trisomy 21 is the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormality, found once every 800 to 1,000 live births.
		Children with Trisomy 21 are at higher risk for congenital heart disease, gastrointestinal abnormalities, endocrinologic disorders, epilepsy, musculoskeletal issues that affect motor abilities, hearing loss, speech apraxia, sleep disorders, feeding disorders and developmental disabilities including learning disabilities, mental retardation and autism.
		Established in March 2003, the goal of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Trisomy 21 Program is to establish a multidisciplinary team approach for the clinical assessment and ongoing treatment of neurobehavioral health needs of children and young adults with Trisomy 21.
	www.tri21center.org /AboutTrisomy21_New1.htm (610 words)

	Study of Trisomy
		Of those that occur in liveborn infants, the most common autosomal trisomies are trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) which occurs in about 1 in 700 births in North America; trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) which occurs in about 1 in 7,500 births; and trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) which occurs in about 1 in 15,000 births.
		The most common chromosome abnormality is trisomy (three of a particular chromosome or triplicate portions) which results preferentially from a failure of segregation (nondisjunction) homologous chromosomes at meiosis I in the female.
		The correlation between maternal age and the incidence of trisomy is well documented (risk of delivering a Trisomy 21 baby increases from 1 in 1529 at age 20 to 1 in 29 at age 45 — Clarke and Nora, 1986) but remains an enigma.
	itech.fgcu.edu /&/issues/vol1/issue1/trisomy.htm (1850 words)

	Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome, Medicine, College Term Papers.com
		Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome Trisomy 21 is caused, as the name suggests, by the triplication of the 21st chromosome.
		Three to four percent of all cases of trisomy 21 are due to Robertsonian Translocation.
		Translocations resulting in trisomy 21 may be inherited, so it's important to check the chromosomes of the parents in these cases to see if either may be a "carrier." The remainder of cases of trisomy 21 are due to mosaicism.
	www.collegetermpapers.com /TermPapers/Medicine/Trisomy_21_Down_Syndrome.shtml (3768 words)

	What is Trisomy 21?
		Trisomy 21, also referred to as Down Syndrome, is a chromosome abnormality.
		Trisomy 21 is a common birth defect, appearing in about one out of every 660 newborns.
		For example, if a trisomy 21 infant suffers from massive vomiting, doctors may decide to use special x-rays to determine whether an obstruction is present.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-trisomy-21.htm (450 words)

	BDSP - Base documentaire - Visualisation de la notice
		A total of 218,977 women underwent second trimester maternal serum screening for trisomy 21 in the 48 months before fortification and 117,986 women were screened in the 29 months after fortification.
		There were 375 identified cases of trisomy 21 before fortification (1.71 per 1,000), compared to 201 cases thereafter (1.70 per 1,000) for a crude prevalence ratio (PR) of 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-1.18).
		The associated risk of trisomy 21 did not change after adjustment for mean maternal age (adjusted PR 0.99 [95% CI 0.82-1.19]).
	www.bdsp.tm.fr /Base/Scripts/ShowA.bs?bqRef=295361 (304 words)

	Trisomy 18 and 13
		For example, if a baby is born with three #21 chromosomes, rather than the usual pair, the baby would be said to have "trisomy 21".
		Trisomy 18 is seen in about one in 4000 to one in 5000 births.
		Trisomy 13 is seen in about one in 7500 to one in 10,000 births.
	www.chw.org /display/PPF/DocID/22906/router.asp (1738 words)

	Trisomy 21 syndrome definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms
		Trisomy 21 syndrome: A common chromosome disorder, often called Down syndrome, due to an extra chromosome number 21 (trisomy 21).
		Trisome 21 (Down) syndrome is associated with a major risk for heart malformations, a lesser risk of duodenal atresia (part of the small intestines is not developed), and a minor but still significant risk of acute leukemia.
		Trisomy 21 is due to an extra copy of chromosome number 21.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5855 (575 words)

	Trisomy 21 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, if the child has the syndrome as a result of a translocation in chromosome 21 and either or both parents are translocation carriers, there is an increased risk for additional children to also have the syndrome.
		The Chernobyl reactor accident was presented as an explanation for a cluster of trisomy 21 cases in Berlin (Sperling 1994), though significant clustering at that time was not reported from other European birth defect registries (de Wals 1988, Harjulehto-Mervaala 1992).
		Trisomy 21 birth prevalence in Texas among 1999-2003 deliveries was 12.54 cases per 10,000 live births (Texas Department of State Health Services 2006).
	www.dshs.state.tx.us /birthdefects/risk/risk3-downsyndrome.shtm (2780 words)

	vgn-ext-hidden_PubMed (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mutations in GATA1 have been identified in trisomy 21 patients with AMKL, and this lesion is thought to be an initial event by virtue of its presence during transient leukemia.
		Almost all these infants are mosaic for trisomy 21, and the clinical course of transient leukemia recapitulates that observed in constitutional trisomy 21.
		Transient leukemia in trisomy 21 mosaicism recapitulates the condition observed in constitutional trisomy 21 at the biological and clinical levels.
	www.asco.org /portal/site/ASCO/menuitem.a3fb42726842a82627c4c291ee37a01d/?vgnextoid=d70b3608f9958010VgnVCM100000f2730ad1RCRD&index=n&pmid=15390279 (311 words)

	Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
		Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is the single most common genetic pattern of malformation in man.
		Advanced maternal age is associated with a high incidence of Trisomy 21, but even women of typical child bearing age can have affected babies.
		In addition to the heart defects associated with Down Syndrome, isolated elevated blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension) is seen with higher frequency in patients with Down syndrome.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /health/heart-encyclopedia/disease/syndrome/down.htm (1545 words)

	Down Syndrome: Trisomy 21
		A huge role in the rate of occurrence is because of Trisomy 21 which has a ninety-five percent rate when a child is born with Down syndrome, and is therefore extremely common.
		Nine percent of full Trisomy 21 is caused by paternal meiotic error and all full Trisomies are strongly associated with increasing maternal age, as well.
		One of the primary goals of research is to identify the biochemical process which causes Trisomy 21 and decode it, leading to the development of a medical intervention.
	www.altonweb.com /cs/downsyndrome/bettencourt.html (1686 words)

	Birth defects - trisomy disorders - Better Health Channel.
		Trisomy (‘three bodies’) means the affected person has 47 chromosomes instead of 46.
		Down syndrome is also known as Trisomy 21, because the person has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two.
		A trisomy is a chromosomal disorder characterised by an additional chromosome, so the person has 47 instead of 46.
	www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au /bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Birth_defects_trisomy_disorders?OpenDocument (776 words)

	Down Syndrome Causes - Trisomy 21, Mosaic & Translocation Down Syndrome
		TRISOMY 21 This is the most common form of Down syndrome, affecting about 94% of people with the syndrome.
		Although we do know that Trisomy 21 is not hereditary, we do not know what causes this particular cell division.
		The proportion of “normal” cells and Trisomy 21 cells will vary greatly from individual to individual and for this reason, people with Mosaicism may be affected by the syndrome to a greater or lesser extent than those with Trisomy 21.
	www.dsawa.asn.au /trisomy21.html (370 words)

	CiteULike: The frequency of fingerprint type in parents of children with Trisomy 21 in Japan. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Analysis of the frequency data of each fingerprint type (arch, ulnar loop, radial loop, and whorl) of the parents of children with Trisomy 21 (Fathers: 71; Mothers: 128) born between 1965 and 1970 obtained from the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital was carried out.
		Among fathers of Trisomy 21 children, a significant difference was found in there being fewer whorls (p < 0.05) and ulnar loops (p = 0.06).
		On the other hand, in fathers of Trisomy 21 children, we considered that there would be a possibility of significant differences if cases in the sample were increased.
	www.citeulike.org /user/naturecure/article/746105 (366 words)

	Medical Genetics - Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
		If this egg or sperm is fertilized, the baby ends up with three copies of the #21 chromosome and this is called "trisomy 21" or Down syndrome.
		Occasionally, the extra chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome in the egg or sperm; this may result in what is called "translocation" Down syndrome (3 to 4 percent of cases).
		Some parents have a rearrangement called a balanced translocation, where the #21 chromosome is attached to another chromosome, but it does not affect his/her health.
	www.musckids.com /health_library/genetics/downs.htm (1780 words)

	Trisomy Disorders
		Two cases of trisomy 21, two cases of trisomy 18 and one case of monosomy X were detected.
		The genetic diagnosis known as Trisomy 21 was born, establishing the first ever link between mental disability and a chromosome disorder -- and heralding a new era in genetics.
		The regions on human chromosome 21 are syntenically conserved in three regions on mouse chromosomes 10, 16, and 17.
	journals.aol.com /patoco2/TrisomyDisorders (4647 words)

	Trisomy 21 - WrongDiagnosis.com
		It is caused by having an extra third copy of chromosome 21, usually by a random error in the mother's egg, though a small percentage are familial...
		Trisomy 21: A chromosomal dysgenesis syndrome resulting from a triplication or translocation of chromosome 21.
		Trisomy 21: Trisomy 21 is listed as a type of (or associated with) the following medical conditions in our database: Chromosome conditions, Autosomal chromosome conditions, Trisomy conditions
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/trisomy_21.htm (411 words)

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