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Topic: Triune brain

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Limbic system

Hypothesis

	Triune brain
		The triune brain is a model proposed by Paul D. MacLean to explain the function of traces of evolution existing in the structure of the human brain.
		The R-complex, comprised of the brain stem and cerebellum, is similar to the reptilian brain in that it controls basic, instinctive survival behavior and thinking.
		However, as the hypothesis conceives the brain as a system consisting of three subsystems, all of which originated from separate points of evolutionary history, the systems are therefore not in a state of perfect equilibrium, since they actually are three relatively independent systems constituting a bigger one.
	www.mrsci.com /Neurology/Triune_brain.php (201 words)

	The Triune Brain
		It is referred to as the "triune brain theory" because MacLean suggests that the human brain is actually three brains in one.
		The R-complex consists of the brain stem and the cerebellum.
		Because the reptilian brain is primarily concerned with physical survival, the behaviors it governs have much in common with the survival behaviors of animals.
	www.buffalostate.edu /orgs/bcp/brainbasics/triune.html (626 words)

	Past Conferences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Durant claims that MacLean's triune brain concept is "probably the single, most-influential idea in brain science in the postwar period, at least in terms of public or popular perceptions as for what brain science has to say about the human condition" (Harrington, 1991).
		The triune brain concept is less a finished result than a starting point that provokes those who study it to emerge and go in new directions.
		MacLean's triune brain concept could be viewed as a naturalistic restatement of this tripartite constitutional model of the soul provided we do not expect the content of the one to translate directly to the other.
	www.bradley.edu /org/asc/conferences/1997/keyes.htm (2270 words)

	Transactional Analysis and the Triune Brain
		He points out that in the human brain, the neo-cortex and the reptilian brain are clearly separated by a structure that is of a different nature than the other two.
		The protective social environment of the limbic brain made it possible for the offspring to be born before its brain size was fully accomplished.
		Meanwhile the triune brain and the three ego states are a daunting set of overlapping theories that could enjoy a felicitous marriage.
	www.emotional-literacy.com /triune.htm (2023 words)

	Underlying model for peak states
		Each brain usually experiences itself in a physical area of the body: the body brain in the lower belly, the heart brain in the chest, and the mind brain in the head.
		Triune brain fusion states and probably other states as well can and often are temporarily lost during the time the pre-birth injury is actually occurring.
		This is in contrast to the individual awarenesses of the individual (or fused) triune brains, which may or may not be experienced from the viewpoint of the center of awareness 'self'.
	www.peakstates.com /model.html (4113 words)

	BRAIN GYM - Educational Kinesiology Foundation
		The brain is such a dynamic organ that we do not talk about language "being in one place", math being in another and etc..
		Paul has indicated that the triune brain theory provides us with a model for behaviors, however as a physiological model it is not sustainable for as I said the brain is more dynamic than that.
		As an example Paul has often referred to focus dimension as hind brain (brain stem) frontal lobe yet he also includes occipital lobe/frontal lobe into focus dimension even though there are two halves of the occipital lobes which function I have seen improved by lateral integration.
	www.braingym.org /bbs/read.php?6,1180,1181 (340 words)

	Paul MacLean's triune brain hypothesis
		He calls it the "triune brain." MacLean, now the director of the Laboratory of Brain Evolution and Behaviour in Poolesville, Maryland, says that three brains operate like "three interconnected biological computers, [each] with its own special intelligence, its own subjectivity, its own sense of time and space and its own memory".
		There was one brain for the spirit, one for the soul, and one for the body.
		It consists of the structures of the brain stem - medulla, pons, cerebellum, mesencephalon, the oldest basal nuclei - the globus pallidus and the olfactory bulbs.
	www.kheper.net /topics/intelligence/MacLean.htm (1330 words)

	MacLean's Triune Brain Nonsense? - BrainMeta.com Forum
		The archipallium or primitive (reptilian) brain, or "Basal Brian", called by MacLean the "R-complex", includes the brain stem and the cerebellum, is the oldest brain.
		MacLean's theory is inclusive of the entire brain, and I am not aware of such neatly packaged alternatives, other than to explain the brain, not in terms of three subsystems, but rather in terms of many more subsystems that interact and which, in some cases, do not possess clearly defined boundaries.
		The value of the triune brain concept is as a point of view, not as an explanation of mechanism.
	brainmeta.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=6291 (2854 words)

	Brain Injury
		Whilst the brain is protected within the casing of the skull, it is potentially vulnerable to the sudden application of these extraordinary forces, risking subdural haemorrhage and neuronal shearing.
		The concept of the triune brain was proposed by Paul D. MacLean M.D., and is a model consisting of three separate but functionally and structurally integrated brains that cap the neural chassis.
		Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs as a result of physiological disruption of normal brain function, such as trauma from either external (an object striking the head or the head striking an object) or internal events (the rapid acceleration/deceleration of the brain within the cranial vault) or both.
	www.learningdiscoveries.org /BrainInjury.htm (4988 words)

	Indelible Records of the Soul's Evolution by Renato Costa
		It corresponds to the brain stem (midbrain, pons and medulla) and the cerebellum.
		The paleomammalian brain is able to learn since it keeps memories of emotions that result from experiences where the animal felt pleasure or pain with more or less intensity.
		Furthermore, that reptilian subtle brain present in the perispirit is the indelible record of the soul’s history.
	www.sgny.org /main/News_Articles/news_005.htm (1154 words)

	Brain-Muscle Communication (lovinglife.org)
		Also found on the back side of the brain stem is the cerebellum, a very old part of the brain from an evolutionary point of view that is responsible for the subconscious coordination of all muscle movements.
		On top of the brain stem, deep within the cerebral cortex, is found the next step in evolution, the primitive mammalian brain, often identified as the limbic lobes.
		The neurons running between the body and the brain cross over in the medulla (a part of the brain stem) so the left hemisphere is associated with the right side of the body and the right hemisphere with the left.
	www.lovinglife.org /brain.htm (1649 words)

	The Biggest Ideas - You Have Three Brains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		There are three brains nested within your skull: the lizard brain, the dog brain, and the human brain.
		The answer is that you have three brains, and the older brains were wired to put on weight long ago when food was scarce.
		The human brain is moved to the idea of romance and a dream of ethics.
	www.thebiggestideas.com /cgi-bin/viewps.cgi?you_have_three_brainsps.txt (1074 words)

	DoctorDon : The Brain, the Trinity, and Four Churches
		The second part of the brain is called the âlimbic system,â and is located midway between the lower brain and the upper brain that is closest to the outside of the head.
		I toyed with the lower brain being foundational, like God the Father, while the emotion-centered limbic system seemed most like God the Holy Spirit, and the upper brain almost had to be God the Son, since that was the third part remaining.
		In contrast, the lower brain brings awareness and receptivity to experience, the limbic system is related to the emotional aspects of that experience (and both implanting and recalling memories of such experiences), while the cortex attempts to understand the experience and stores the memories of such experiences.
	www.vanguard.edu /VULIFE/blogs/doctordon/archive/2005/08/28/146.aspx (2284 words)

	ChildTraumaAcademy.com
		In general, the complexity of brain structure and the functions that these different structures mediate are organized in a bottom-to-top organization.
		The Triune Brain model defines the lower, less complex areas of the brain as being similar in structure and function to the reptilian brain (hence his term the R-complex).
		The key observation in organizational process is that, in all cases, the brain has a hierarchical organization, with the lowest complexity at the bottom and highest on top.
	www.childtraumaacademy.com /amazing_brain/lesson02/page01.html (621 words)

	Reptilian Brain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The reptilian brain focuses on survival, and takes over when you are in danger and you don’t have time to think.
		A second part of the brain is the limbic stem or mammalian brain.
		According to the triune brain theory, people upshift and downshift to use different parts of their brain depending upon their situation.
	www.terrybragg.com /Article_Reptilianbrain.htm (885 words)

	The Enneagram and the Triune Brain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When I read about the Triune Brain theory-that the brain divides neatly into three sections corresponding to different levels of our evolution-I thought "can this be a coincidence?" The more I read about the Triune Brain Theory, the more it seems to fit in perfectly with the Enneagram.
		In human beings it comprises roughly three quarters of the grey matter at the center of the cerebellum and is made up of the olfactostriatum, the corpus striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the globus pallidus, the basal nucleus of Meynert and the substantia innominata.
		This corresponds to the neocortex or higher mammal brain and its functions are planning, memory and problem-solving.
	www.ideodynamic.com /enneagram-monthly/2000/EM_0010_a1.htm (4322 words)

	Book review of Paul MacLean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The oldest of the three brains, the "reptilian" brain, is a midbrain reticular formation that has changed little from reptiles to mammals and to humans.
		This "brain" comprises the brain stem and the cerebellum.
		The neocortex is the main brain of the primates, which are among the latest mammals to appear.
	www.thymos.com /mind/maclean.html (547 words)

	triune brain (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Thus, this brain is called the "R complex" (R for reptilian).
		The R brain is just a big swelling at the top of a spinal cord, and that's how it developed.
		To complete the brain picture, add a bicycle or hockey helmet on top of your red-socked golf club head: that's the newest mammalian addition, the "cortex", and it is the grey squiggly stuff you can see on the outside.
	www.psycheducation.org.cob-web.org:8888 /emotion/triune%20brain.htm (900 words)

	Choices Within the Triune Brain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The human brain is in layers like a round three-layer cake, or like a three-layer baseball, or perhaps like an apple- seeds, core, and fruit.
		The outermost layer of the brain is called the primate brain and frontal lobes.
		Typically weak brain energy is like a rocket ship without enough fuel or force to reach escape velocity and achieve its mission among the stars.
	www.reptilianagenda.com /research/r110699a.shtml (1636 words)

	"Because the Human Brain Does Not Change, Technology Must" - Jesse Ausubel
		In a remarkable 1990 book, The Triune Brain in Evolution, neuroscientist Paul MacLean explained that humans have three brains, each developed during a stage of evolution.
		In mammals another brain appeared, the paleomammalian, with new particular behavior, for example, care of the young and mutual grooming.
		Sales of new “anti-depressants,” mostly tinkering with serotonin in the brain, are about $10 billion in 1999, having penetrated only perhaps 10% of their global market.
	phe.rockefeller.edu /BrainNotChange (2042 words)

	Frontal Lobe Stimulation- Neil Slade's Amazing Brain Music Adventure
		In reptiles, the brainstem and cerebellum are the dominant brain structures.
		Each of these three brains operates as an individual brain system with its distinct capabilities, and yet, all three units are interconnected via nerves, allowing them to communicate and to work in harmony with each other.
		This is the last brain lobe to mature, and the prefrontal cortex is the last of the frontal lobe structures to mature.
	www.neilslade.com /Papers/stimulation.html (2346 words)

	Models of the Brain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Dr Paul McLean, head of the Laboratory for Brain Evolution and Behaviour at the National Institute for Mental Health, has proposed the triune brain theory, according to which the human brain is, in reality, three brains, each superimposed over the earlier in a pattern of brains within brains.
		The second, and next oldest brain is the limbic, or mammalian brain and registers rewards and punishments, is the seat of emotion, and controls the body's autonomic nervous system.
		Ned Herrmann showed that by incorporating the research of Paul McLean of the Triune Brain and Roger Sperry's Left Brain/Right Brain function, we can build a model of the human brain with two paired structures, the two halves of the cerebral system and the two halves of the limbic system.
	members.optusnet.com.au /~charles57/Creative/Brain/herrmann.htm (506 words)

	#TL12: How to Achieve Emotional Control
		Leslie Hart, a writer on brain research, states: "As we look at the three-brain structure of humans, it becomes manifest that, in general, the old, more primitive schemata and programs and the cruder emotions are in the oldest brain tissue, and that the highly subtle pattern-detecting capabilities are in the newest, the neo-cortex" [author’s italics].
		The old mammalian brain, or the limbic system, is sandwiched between the R-complex and the new mammalian brain.
		Brain physiologists have discovered that the amygdala, a small almond-shaped structure located in the limbic system, plays a major role in both aggression and fear.
	www.buildfreedom.com /tl/tl12.shtml (13821 words)

	Brain Compatible Learning Resources
		Brain Compatible Learning (BCL) is a system-wide approach that is based on how current research in neuroscience suggests that our brain naturally learns best.
		Daviess County Schools Graduation 2010 Visit their web site to learn about their brain compatible learning initiative which began with the Kindergarten class of 1997-98 who will be graduating in the year 2010.
		International Consortium for Brain Mapping The primary goal of the ICBM project is the continuing development of a probabilistic reference system for the human brain.
	www.ashland.k12.ky.us /resources/brain.htm (402 words)

	tribrn.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the Triune Brain concept, each individual person has not one, but three brains; each with its own intelligence, its own sense of time and space, its own subjectivity, and its own memory.
		The triune brain concept was originated by Paul MacLean, of the NIMH, and amplified by Carl Sagan in "Dragons of Eden." It is no surprise that such a fundamental conceptual understanding would power educational businesses, and several have already emerged.
		These sophisisticated triune brain processes assist a person in discovering one's own solid goals, and to provide a congruency among all three brains toward those goals.
	home.earthlink.net /~jedcline/tribrn.html (521 words)

	Cult Conversion, Deprogramming, and the Triune Brain - TGS HiddenMysteries reptilian Agenda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For those who are unfamiliar with the triune model, it simply suggests that the brain has three basic components, which evolved phylogenetically.
		The second component of the triune brain is the limbic system, or mammalian brain.
		The third component of the triune brain is the neocortex, generally thought of as the “thinking brain,” or the intellect.
	www.reptilianagenda.com /research/r121504a.shtml (2188 words)

	Neil Slade and the Brain Revolutionaries History
		While scientists, yogis and philosophers have speculated on the biological aspects of spirituality for centuries, it is only since the advent of sophisticated brain imaging techniques that we have been able to actually see “pictures” of the brain and thus explore the physical aspects of transcendence.
		The “triune brain” is a model used to understand basic brain structure and function.
		Lingo subscribed to the “dormant brain” theory, reasoning that not only our more noble emotions had their “home” in the frontal lobes, but that, once activated, they would prove to be where so-called paranormal powers such as intuition and telepathy could be accessed as well.
	www.neilslade.com /Papers/crazy.html (2300 words)

	Learning With Style
		Reptilian brain - responsible for survival [flight or fight], monitoring motor functions [breathing, balance and instincts], territoriality, hierarchies and rote behaviour.
		This part of the brain is the oldest in evolutionary terms and is programmed for survival.
		It is the part of the brain used in problem solving, discerning relationships and patterns of meaning.
	www.alsi.net /Learning/Styles.htm (1918 words)

	the human triune brain
		The Neomammalian Brain (also known as the Neocortex).
		The Reptilian Brain (also known as the R-Complex or the Basal Ganglia).
		I should point out that the basic neural machinery required for self-preservation and the preservation of the species is built into the lower brain stem and spinal cord.
	www.thing.de /3Brain/skip/her/tribrain/triune.html (489 words)

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