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Topic: Trolleybuses

	Electric Trolleybuses in Vancouver Essay
		Trolleybuses have excellent acceleration (n4) and do not suffer the level of performance deterioration on hills and with passenger loads that diesel and natural gas buses experience.
		The short-comings of trolleybuses, notably the lack of route flexibility and the visual impact of the overhead, have been accepted for almost 50 years in Vancouver and are clearly not insurmountable.
		The results of the voting were as follows: Purchase trolleybuses (43%), purchase new streetcars (30%), repair existing streetcars (13%), leave decision to council (10%), and lastly, purchase gas buses (4%).
	www.vcn.bc.ca /t2000bc/learning/etb/trolleybus_essay.html (5802 words)

	Trolleybus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Buses and trolleybuses in particular were seen as entry systems that could later be upgraded to rail as appropriate.
		New trolleybus near Harvard Square, Cambridge, MA Trolleybuses are particularly important in hilly cities, as the electric power is more effective than diesel in climbing steep hills and trolleybuses' rubber tires have better roadway adhesion than streetcars' steel wheels upon steel rails.
		Like other electric vehicles, trolleybuses are often seen as more environmentally friendly than hydrocarbon-based vehicles (gasoline, diesel, alcohol, etc.), but the power is not "free", and instead has to be produced at centralised power plants, with its attendant transmission losses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electric_trolleybus (1048 words)

	Trolleybus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		An electric trolleybus (also known as trolley bus or trackless trolley or simply trolley) is a bus powered by two overhead electric wires, from which the bus draws electricity using two trolley poles (one for the return current, which can not pass to the ground as in the case of a tram).
		Trolleybuses are particularly important in hilly cities, as the electric power is more effective than diesel in climbing steep hills and have better roadway adhesion than streetcars.
		Like other electric vehicles, trolleybuses are often seen as more environmentally friendly than hydrocarbon based vehicles such as buses, but the power is not "free", and instead has to be produced at centralised power plants.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/trolleybus (611 words)

	THE TROLLEYBUSES OF CHILE
		In 1952 ENT ordered 30 trolleybuses from Pullman for its Valparaíso division (which, incidentally, were the last trolleybuses that Pullman built) and prepared its tram depot on Calle Independencia for rubber tires [see map].
		A tram garage at Chorrillos was adapted for trolleybuses.
		Surplus trolleybuses in the yard at Estación Independencia in 1985.
	www.tramz.com /cl/v/vae.html (2034 words)

	Trolleycoaches for London
		Fig 2 One of Athens new Neoplan articulated trolleybuses
		Modern trolleybuses have around double the power to weight ratio of similar diesel designs, permitting comfortable acceleration rates [around 3 mph/second or 1.3 m/s/s] to be maintained up to around double the speeds diesels can.
		The economics of trolleybuses, compared with diesels, depend on balancing the greater capital cost of trolleybuses and the infrastructure, against savings in maintenance costs, energy usage costs, reductions in fleet sizes due to better performance and better reliability and availability of electric vehicles, and longer life of electric vehicles and their major components.
	www.tbus.org.uk /article.htm (3471 words)

	Cleethorpes 54 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Although most of the 45 trolleybuses which were owned by Grimsby and Cleethorpes Corporations were life-expired when withdrawn and scrapped, at least 17 gained a further lease of life.
		Number 6 (EE7097) was the last of the batch to be withdrawn, in December 1945, and its body was reportedly converted to a seaside caravan, finishing its days on the south coast.
		It is a shame that none of Grimsby’s famous pre-war, centre-entrance trolleybuses survived; all are thought to have been sold for scrap in 1955-57.
	members.aol.com /cleethorpes54/s5.htm (1192 words)

	Encyclopedia: Warsaw, Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1946 several dozens of trolleybuses were bought in the Soviet Union and first two lines were soon opened.
		The trolleybuses were using a reconstructed tramway lines and the lines ran from Union of Lublin sq.
		After the system transformation of 1989 it became apparent that the trolleybuses were in dire need of replacement (those used were built in early 1950s) and that maintenance costs of running a single line were very high.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Warsaw,-Poland (3119 words)

	Trolleybuses
		The community once enjoyed the benefits of a fleet of speedy trolleybuses throughout the urban area.
		Trolleybuses once provided an extensive public transport system for the town.
		Sleek silent trolleybuses are seen loading Arsenal workers, weaving through the narrow streets of Dartford, using the unusual...
	www.saxoncourtbooks.co.uk /carandbusbooks/cat8_1.htm (196 words)

	Bus Zone - RTL Trolleybuses
		Trolleybuses were considered the ideal replacement, although not being able to overtake or turn around without special arrangements they were electrically driven, easier to repair and quiet running.
		In the September of that year it was decided that another 12 vehicles should be purchased to replace the original six trolleybuses and to augment the over-stretched fleet (of 37 vehicles in the fleet 36 were needed for service each day, a very tough target to meet).
		In June 1960 the purchase of 12 new Sunbeam trolleybuses was confirmed with Burlingham bodywork.
	www.buszone.co.uk /RTLtrolley.html (2843 words)

	Trolleybuses History
		For the trolleybuses, the central square also there would be of be the confluence point of all their lines.
		Finally converted into the “spinal column” of the Rosario urban transportation, the trolleybuses offered an excellent service, though part of their fleet -the M.A.N. cars, that they were of the year 1952- began to evidence defects due to the fact that was approached at the end of its useful life.
		For this was transacted the purchase of 40 Soviet model “ZIU-5” trolleybuses, and identical quantity of used FIAT units, belonging to the city of Montevideo (Uruguay) in which were retired.
	www.arar.org.ar /EN_HTTB.html (1704 words)

	Argentinian Trolleybuses Photo Gallery
		The Córdoba city trolleybuses were inaugurated in May 1989, in the framework of an ambitious restructuring plan of the urban passenger transportation, in which also was included the metric gauge railway system that crosses the Mediterranean capital.
		Nevertheless, the overlapping of omnibus routes continues in the middle of a generalized crisis of the public transportation, and the trolleybuses are not the exception; not being difficult to predict that possibly the Córdoba electrical transportation has a new operator in a future not so distant...
		The characteristics and quality of the new trolleybuses are modest, not to be counted the silence and the elegance among the virtues of the Asian units...
	www.arar.org.ar /EN_GTBA1.html (1417 words)

	Trolleybuses in St. Petersburg, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Along with trams, trolleybuses are the most environmentally-friendly public transport in St. Petersburg, though not the fastest.
		The first trolleybuses were built locally, though after a while the city started buying better vehicles built in the city of Yaroslavl (on Volga River).
		All trolleybuses stopped running during the Siege of Leningrad and services were resumed only in May 1944.
	www.saint-petersburg.com /transport/trolleybus (175 words)

	HamPage: Tram-hikers' guide to Budapest - Trolleybus... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The fleet of the trolleybuses of the BKV
		The first numbers of the trolleybuses in 1933 were just continuing the three-digit numbering scheme of the autobuses, with an extra sign T in the front.
		Sometimes so many trolleybuses arrive at the same time to the garage, that there is a pile up at the public service road in front of gate of the garage (at Zách utca).
	ector.elte.hu /~nza/troli/Trolleybus.html (4731 words)

	Nostalgie Collection- Japan - Trolleybuses
		The chassis for 108 trolleybuses were built by AEC and bodies were built by Shanghai Electric Constuction Co. in China and shipped to Singapore where they were assembled by Singapore Traction Co. (STC).
		The system was started with trolleybuses of 100, 200 and 300-series, all delivered in 1951 and in 1954 the company placed the order to Fuji Heavy Industries for two more trolleybuses which were placed in service in January 1955.
		In 1960 trolleybuses of 600 and 700-series were added to the roster and also old coaches of 100/200/300- series were rebodied in the 60s, however the 500-series was never rebodied.
	www.sptc.spb.ru /japantrol.htm (521 words)

	Better Transit for Edmonton - Questions and Answers
		Some people feel that trolleybuses contribute to community character, and there is evidence to suggest they are more attractive to riders than diesel buses.
		TransLink in Vancouver states that "trolleybuses can be as reliable as diesel buses." If the trolley vehicles do not have "off-wire capability", properly designed "incident management" procedures are necessary to limit the impact of any disruptions on the system.
		It cannot be assumed that a quote of "savings" to be had by not investing further in trolleybuses equates to the "cost" of continuing with trolleybuses.
	www.bettertransit.ab.ca /qa.htm (1438 words)

	Trolleybuses for West London - London Assembly Transport Committee Questions
		Trolleybuses are zero polluting on street, the same as trams.
		Trolleybuses may be regarded as the same as trams, except for rubber tyres, no inherent guidance and lower capacity per vehicle.
		However, there is a statement that trolleybuses could not carry the same capacity as that predicted for the trams.
	www.tfwl.org.uk /issues.html (1576 words)

	Transfer of trolleybuses from Gera
		A reallocation of the used trolleybuses from already closed trolleybus operations on the still active trolleybus operations was also here again the replacement for missing new vehicles.
		In September 1977 Eberswalde received three Gera trolleybuses of the Czech type ŠKODA 9 Tr because there at the 14/09/1977 the trolleybus operation was stopped.
		The "Wechselwagen" ("change car") was so inter alia for the trolleybuses with the car numbers 16, 22, 24, 25 and 29 in the use.
	www.obus-ew.de /e4305sk9tr_g.htm (296 words)

	www.Under2Wires.co.uk
		It also was the only post-war system where the trams outlived the trolleybuses (while it is claimed to be the only system to do this, Aberdare replaced its Cedes-Stoll trolleybuses with trams in 1925).
		Some stops had to be removed as trolleybuses, with their superior acceleration, could easily cope with frequent stops but the motorbuses couldn't.
		Birmingham was never enthusiastic about trolleybuses and at the end became quite hostile toward them, an attituted that they took with them when they effectively became the West Midlands PTE and killed off the Walsall system - an act of sheer vandalism.
	www.btinternet.com /~g4orx/brum.htm (964 words)

	Trolibusz.Budapest.Hu - Ikarus 200 prototype trolleybuses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The electrical configuration of the first prototype trolleybus of Ganz were actually very similar to the Ikarus-BBC trolleybuses.
		Peaople hoped to reduce with this the costs of the trolleybuses (the TELMA brakes were used also for similar reasons).
		On many trolleybuses, the power of the motor does not pause neither by acceleration, nor by breaking, even when the driver is not pushing any pedal.
	villamos.zylon.hu /troli/ik-280-proto/e_index.html (1751 words)

	John Walker Glasgow Glasgow Corporation Trolleybuses
		The arrival of trolleybuses whilst the trams were still very much to the fore, whilst regarded as a sensible and practical approach by the Transport Department, seemed all too much for the Glasgow public.
		One other factor which made the trolleybuses unpopular was that they were not used to any great degree in the city centre, largely due to the difficulties associated with running trams and trolleybuses together over the same section of route.
		Although I never travelled on the trolleybuses to any great degree, it was on the 101/102 that I did most of my travelling on the very short journey between Castle Street and Glasgow Cross, or when my mother took me to visit one of her old school friends in Royston Road.
	www.semple.biz /glasgow/johnwalker4.shtml (6135 words)

	Trolibusz.Budapest.Hu - ZIU-9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		After the city council has decided to keep the trolleybuses running in 1974, soon new Ikarus prototype trolleybuses were constructed: the articulated 100 and the solo 600.
		A great part of the trolleybuses, that are today still in service were refurbished in the end of the '90s, with the help of the Enviromental Fund (these trolleybuses obtained their third great reparation).
		One of the ten trolleybuses refurbished in the end of the '90s, which already obtained the new green-white liveries (naturally these ten trolleybuses are still slightly different with respect the stripes and shades).
	villamosok.hu /troli/ziu9/ziu9_en.html (4610 words)

	Trolleybuses in Kabul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Eyewitnesses inform of very bad shape of overhead in 1988, trolleybuses had to cross some junctions with help of children who jumped on trolleybus, pulled down the "sticks", vehicle passed critical point without the power, children gave trolleys back and jumped off.
		The war with USSR came and some trolleybuses were destroyed by bombs placed inside but even if there had been no war, trolleybuses in Kabul would have been sentenced to death, because there was no professional background and no effort to repair overhead and vehicles.
		According to the last news, trolleybuses have not been in service since 1992, when Old and Upper Town of Kabul were heavily bombed and front line came across the Upper Town several times.
	spvd.cz /hertl/world/kabul_english.htm (605 words)

	The History of Nottingham Trolleybuses
		Trolleybuses ran in Nottingham, mainly replacing trams, between 10 April 1927 and 30 June 1966 with an ‘official' last journey on Friday 1 July 2006.
		The replacement of trolleybuses by buses started in November 1962 with the bulk of the conversions taking place between April 1965 and October 1965.
		It was a case of the ‘first shall be last' as the first conversion from trams to trolleybuses was that to Nottingham Road in April 1927.
	www.nctx.co.uk /News/2006/Trolleybus2006.htm (275 words)

	Trolleybuses
		The decision to replace Trams with Trolleybuses was made in the early 1930’s The first Trolleybuses ran along a test track in Erleigh Road, which was converted from the tram overhead wire.
		Plans were being laid to build the IDR at this time and the future of the Trolleybuses began to be questioned.
		Trolleybuses then became a political issue, between Labour and Conservative councillors, and the council voted for the system to be closed in 1966.
	atschool.eduweb.co.uk /radstock/rht/themes/urban/trolley.html (245 words)

	Better Transit for Edmonton - Pollution Facts [2]
		Trolleybuses operate successfully and reliably in all regions and climates of the world.
		Trolleybuses provide absolutely guaranteed zero local emissions under all circumstances - idling, cold running, stop start duty cycles, sub optimal maintenance, aging vehicles, etc throughout their lives.
		Modern trolleybuses, for example such as those for Athens get about as close to zero traction system maintenance as it is possible to get.
	www.bettertransit.ab.ca /ib.htm (2306 words)

	The Transport Museum, Wythall Transport History - Trolleybuses
		Birmingham had two trolleybus routes to Nechells and along the Coventry Road but, influenced by the perpetual desire to rebuild the city, its councillors decided trolleybuses were also inflexible and that buses should replace the trolleybuses with the rest of the trams.
		At the beginning of the 1950s, Birmingham's example was unusual but, by the end of the decade, trolleybuses were in steep decline and the last new ones were being built.
		The trolleybuses of Walsall Corporation survived to be absorbed into the West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive in 1969 but were replaced by the new regime the following year.
	www.bammot.org.uk /transhis2.asp (510 words)

	T2000BC: modern trolleybuses
		In addition, trolleybuses are significantly more expensive to buy than diesel buses, presumably due mostly to the relative market size for the two types of bus.
		Note, however, that trolleybuses are expected to last longer - in Vancouver the trolleybuses are expected to last 30 years, whereas diesel buses are expected to last 20 years.
		Another disadvantage of trolleybuses is the requirement to pass slowly under switches.
	www.vcn.bc.ca /t2000bc/learning/etb/modern_trolleybuses.html (606 words)

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