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Topic: Troodontidae

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Troodon

Dinosauria

Dromaeosauridae

	Troodontidae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Troodontidae is a clade of bird-like theropod dinosaur which have been allied, at various times, with nearly every major coelurosaurian lineage.
		Since 1969, Troodontidae has typically been allied with Dromaeosauridae in a clade known as Deinonychosauria, but this was by no means a consensus.
		Holtz (1994) erected Bullatosauria, uniting Ornithomimosauria and Troodontidae into a holophyletic clade on the basis of characters including, among others, an inflated parabasisphenoid and a long, low maxillary fenestra.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Troodontidae (302 words)

	"DC`s Pages/Troodontidae"
		Troodontidae were obligatory bipeds their arms being to short in order to be useful for locomotion.
		Troodontidae feet were four-toed with toe 1 being reduced and displaced a bit backwards and upwards.
		Troodontidae hatchlings are regarded as capable of locomotor activities (able to walk or run around right after hatching) and precocial (left their nests right or shortly after hatching) (Horner 2000).
	scifi.pages.at /vong/trooe.html (3029 words)

	Troodontidae: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Initially, Leidy (1856) assumed they were lacertilia (lacertilia: True lizards; including chameleons and geckos) n, but by 1924, they were referred to Dinosauria (Dinosauria: more facts about this subject) by Gilmore, who stressed ostensible ornithischian (ornithischian: Herbivorous dinosaur with a pelvis like that of a bird) affinities.
		Holtz (1994) erected Bullatosauria, uniting Ornithomimosauria and Troodontidae into a holophyletic clade (clade: A group of biological taxa or species that share features inherited from a common ancestor) on the basis of characters including, among others, an inflated parabasisphenoid and a long, low maxillary fenestra.
		New discoveries of primitive troodontids from China, however (Sinovenator, Mei) display strong similarities between Troodontidae, Dromaeosauridae, and the primitive bird Archaeopteryx (Archaeopteryx: Extinct primitive toothed bird of the Jurassic period having a long feathered tail and hollow bones; usually considered the most primitive of all birds).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/troodontidae (382 words)

	Troodontidae - the Troodon Dinosaurs
		Troodontidae has proven hard to classify, and can be linked by various characteristics with Spinosauridae, Dromaeosauridae, Oviraptorosauria, and Ornithomimosauria.
		In the recent past, they were often combined with the ornithomimosaurians into a taxon called Bullatosauria, meaning "inflated reptiles" (referring to a "swollen" bone in the braincase).
		The Troodontidae are very rare in the fossil record.
	www.dinosaur-world.com /feathered_dinosaurs/troodontidae.htm (293 words)

	Troodontidae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Troodontidae is a clade of bird-like theropod dinosaur which have been allied at various with nearly every major coelurosaurian lineage.
		It was only in 1945 C.M. Sternberg recognized Troodontidae as a theropod Since 1969 Troodontidae has typically been allied Dromaeosauridae in a clade known as Deinonychosauria this was by no means a consensus.
		(1994) erected Bullatosauria uniting Ornithomimosauria and Troodontidae a holophyletic clade on the basis of characters including others an inflated parabasisphenoid and a long maxillary fenestra.
	www.freeglossary.com /Troodontidae (218 words)

	Troodontidae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Troodontidae is a clade of bird-like Theropoda dinosaur which have been allied, at various times, with nearly every major Coelurosauria lineage.
		Initially, Leidy (1856) assumed they were lacertilian, but by 1924, they were referred to Dinosauria by Gilmore, who stressed ostensible Ornithischia affinities.
		Holtz (1994) erected Bullatosauria, uniting Ornithomimosauria and Troodontidae into a holophyly clade on the basis of characters including, among others, an inflated parabasisphenoid and a long, low maxillary fenestra.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Dinosaurs/Troodontidae.html (263 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Dromaeosauridae
		Unlike their relatives, such as the Troodontidae, dromaeosaurids were muscular animals.
		Dromaeosauridae is sometimes seen as synonymous to Deinonychosauria, when Troodontidae is placed in less derived maniraptorans.
		Recently described Chinese "dromaeosaurids", such as Microraptor, Cryptovolans and Sinornithosaurus had modern pennaceous feathers and fully formed remiges or "flight feathers", leading to the question of whether these animals were capable of powered flight.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Dromaeosauridae (716 words)

	Deinonychosauria - TheBestLinks.com - Cretaceous, Velociraptor, Deinonychus, Troodontidae, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It has been divided into two clades - Dromaeosauridae and Troodontidae.
		The largest known of these is possibly Utahraptor, and the controversial Microraptor was among the smallest (40 cm?).
		Troodontidae date from the late Cretaceous, and were lighter and slimmer than the dromaeosaurids.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Deinonychosauria.html (135 words)

	troodontidae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It may return to this name if recent investigations into Troodon show that the type teeth are not "troodontid".
		Troodontidae: So far, all valid members of Troodontidae are from the Laurasian continents Asia and North America.
		There is a good skeleton with a nice skull of a troodontid from the Morrison, but let's see the thing published before we go too nuts.
	personal2.stthomas.edu /jstweet/troodontidae.htm (1038 words)

	Troodontidae - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Troodontidae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1862
		Here you will find more informations about Troodontidae.
		If you find this encyclopedia or its sister projects useful,
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Troodontidae.html (320 words)

	Troodontidae - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Autapomorphies of Troodontidae include (after Osmolska and Barsbold 1990):
		See Currie (1985, 1987) and Dodson et al (1990) and Currie and Zhao (1993) for comprehensive reviews of Troodontidae.
		This page was last modified 01:19, 30 September 2003.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Troodontidae (144 words)

	Troodontidae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Comments- Though assigned to Troodontidae bu Xu and Norell (2004), this is mostly based on the small, closely packed anterior dentary teeth and robust fourth metatarsal.
		Other characters used by them are also found in basal birds and/or basal dromaeosaurs, so may actually diagnose Paraves and/or Deinonychosauria and be reversed in other clades.
		A New Troodontid (Theropoda: Troodontidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China.
	students.washington.edu /eoraptor/Troodontidae.htm (3221 words)

	tro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They has ornithischian hips which are bird like.
		Troodons family is Troodontidae and were the smartest dinosaurs.
		Troodons have been found in Alberta and in Montana.
	www.pantherpaw.net /links/dino/tro.htm (88 words)

	[No title]
		The CT data will allow us to test our hypothesis that this animal is the earliest representative of the Maniraptora.
		If our hypothesis is confirmed by the addition of currently non-visable characters, such as internal cranial morphology and pneumatic development, this specimen will then fill a 30 million year gap in the fossil record of bird evolution.
		Results of analyses by PAUP and NONA both returned strict consensus trees that placed WDC DML-01 in the Troodontidae, basal to all troodontids except Sinovenator.
	www.wyomingpaleo.com /bio/FOR/Jurassic_Foundation_Grant_Proposal-FOR.doc (2518 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 340.800 Theropoda: Maniraptora
		National Geographic Magazine: July 1996 @ nationalgeographic.com; Troodontidae (rather dated UCMP page); Troodontidae -- The Dinosauricon; Re- Troodontidae (misfits); Troodontidae and All That Jazz; Troodontidae (Mikko's Phylogeny).
		Introduction: Dromaeosaurs are considered dinosaurs, very close to the bird boundary (see The Mistaken Extinction).
		Dromaeosauridae; Re: Dromaeosauridae (was Troodontidae); DINOSAURS: Family Dromaeosauridae; dromaeosauridae; DROMAEOSAURIDAE (German); Arts-Letters.com
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/340Theropoda/340.800.html (2288 words)

	maniraptora (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Maniraptora is the sister group to Arctometatarsalia and together with it makes up Maniraptoriformes.
		It has three main groups: Deinonychosauria, including Dromaeosauridae, or "raptors", and the gracile Troodontidae; a possible group comprised of Oviraptorosauria (Caenagnathidae, Oviraptoridae, and ?Avimimidae), and Therizinosauria; and Avialae.
		Feathers or protofeathers are known for deinonychosaurians, basal oviraptorosaurians, basal therizinosaurians, and avialans (this one is easily verified), suggesting all maniraptorans possessed one or the other.
	personal2.stthomas.edu /jstweet/maniraptora.htm (1901 words)

	†Troodontidae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		<==o †Troodontidae Gilmore, 1924d [Saurornithoididae Barsbold, 1974] ?- †Elopteryx nopscai Andrews, 1913 ?- †Heptasteornis andrewsi Harrison and Walker, 1975 ?- †Tochisaurus nemegtensis Kurzanov and Osmólska, 1991 ?- †Koparion douglassi Chure, 1994 ?- †Tripriodon caperatus Marsh, 1889d ?- †Zapsalis abradens Cope, 1876b ?- †Troodontidae genera et species indet.
		[IGM 100/44] ?- †Borogovia gracilicrus Osmólska, 1987 -- †Sinovenator changii Xu, Norell, Wang, Makovichy and Wu, 2002 `--+-- Troodontidae genera et species indet.
		Makovichy, P. J., Norell, M. A., Clark, J. and Rowe, T. B., 2003: Osteology and Relationships of Byronosaurus jaffei (Theropoda: Troodontidae).
	www.fmnh.helsinki.fi /users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Archosauria/Theropoda/Troodontidae.htm (255 words)

	The world's top troodontidae websites
		Holtz (1996) erected Bullatosauria, uniting Ornithomimosauria and Troodontidae into a holophyletic clade on the basis of characters including, among others, an inflated parabasisphenoid and a long, low maxillary fenestra.
		New discoveries of primitive troodontids from China, however (Sinovenator)display strong similarities between Troodontidae, Dromaeosauridae, and the primitive bird Archaeopteryx.
		Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.
	www.websbiggest.com /wiki-article-tab.cfm/troodontidae (318 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates: References M-Z
		Maisey, JG (2004), Morphology of the braincase in the broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus (Elasmobranchii, Hexanchiformes), based on CT scanning.
		Makovicky, PJ, MA Norell, JM Clark and T Rowe (2003), Osteology and relationships of Byronosaurus jaffei (Theropoda: Troodontidae).
		Mallatt, J (1996), Ventilation and the origin of jawed vertebrates: a new mouth.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Lists/References/RefsMZ.html (6432 words)

	The Dinosauria: CHAPTER ONE
		Appendix 6.1 Ornithomimosauria, Troodontidae, and Dromaeosauridae Character Description (Word)
		Appendix 6.2 Ornithomimosauria, Troodontidae, and Dromaeosauridae Data Matrix (Word)
		Appendix 13.2a Sauropoda Data Matrix, part one (Excel)
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/2601001/2601001.supplement.html (119 words)

	MEA592D Dinosaur Osteology: Lecture 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Coelurosaurs possess relatively large brain cavities (usually judged by the external width of the back of the skull):
		Troodontidae - Troodon (volume of brain cavity has been modelled)
		Ornithomimidae - Dromiceiomimus (volume of brain cavity has been modelled)
	www4.ncsu.edu /~rjpatchu/paleobiology/Dino_Osteology/lect6.html (5045 words)

	[No title]
		For additional web resources on the phylogenetic position of birds consult the Information on the Internet section on the Aves page.
		'; AfterTreeText 'Classification follows Sereno 1999.'; IconFolder '/tree/icons/'; DeepEnclosing dinosauria.html; Enclosing Theropoda; EnclosingURL theropoda.html; WebBrowserCreator MOSS; Copyright Date=1999; TAXONRANKS * UNTITLED (VECTOR) = 1222211122; TAXONEXTINCT Alvarezsauridae Ornithomimidae Therizinosauridae Tyrannosauroidea Oviraptorosauria Dromaeosauridae Troodontidae Ornitholestes Compsognathidae ; TEXTNOTE REFINDENT ID=1003 TITLE=References TEXT='Barsbold, R., P. Currie, N. Myhrvold, H. Osmolska, K. Tsogtbaatar, and M. Watabe.
		A pygostyle from a non-avian theropod - The independent evolution of a bird-like tail has been discovered in an oviraptorosaur.
	ag.arizona.edu /tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/dinosauria/Coelurosauria.nex (431 words)

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