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Topic: Tropanes

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Atropine

Scopolamine

Dimenhydrinate

	Bicyclo Ring System Having The Six-membered Hetero Ring As One Of The Cyclos - Tropanes (including Nor Or Dehydro ...
		The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoamine neurotransmitter re-uptake inhibitor comprising a 2,3-disubstituted tropane moiety, or a tautomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or physiologically functional derivative thereof, and at least one dopamine agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or physiologically functional derivative thereof.
		Accordingly, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoamine neurotransmitter re-uptake inhibitor comprising a 2,3-disubstituted tropane moiety, or a tautomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or physiologically functional derivative thereof, and at least one NMDA receptor antagonists or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or physiologically functional derivative thereof.
		The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoamine neurotransmitter re-uptake inhibitor comprising a 2,3-disubstituted tropane moiety, or a tautomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or physiologically functional derivative thereof, and at least one acetylcholinesterase inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or physiologically functional derivative thereof, and a...
	www.freshpatents.com /x1514304000psbc.php (2593 words)

	New Synthesis Method Produces Potential Treatment For Cocaine Addiction, Other Potent Biological Compounds
		One of the most biologically active groups of compounds to which the new synthesis method is being applied are the tropanes, which show very high selectivity in their interaction with various regions of the brain.
		Efforts to develop a chemical treatment for addiction to cocaine, which is a tropane, have been hampered in the past by the lack of a reliable synthetic method.
		However, many existing methods of synthesizing tropanes and other biologically important chemicals produce an equal mixture of the two isomers.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1996-08/UaB-NSMP-270896.php (604 words)

	Erowid Datura Vault : Misc Notes
		Tropanes are used medically to dilate the pupils, decrease acid secretion in the stomach, reduce nausea (especially that caused by motion sickness), and such.
		Interesting trivia bit #1: QNB (quinuclidinyl benzilate), a potent antimuscarinic with a somewhat larger lethal/effective dose window (possibly due to less activity at the M2 receptor, which is the cardiac receptor), was stockpiled by the army for use as a chemical weapon.
		It is hypothesized (support for this view is somewhat lacking) that the preparations, being topical, were often applied to a mucous membrane, in particular to the vagina and vaginal walls, using a broomstick as an applicator, thus the "witch riding the broomstick" image.
	www.erowid.org /plants/datura/datura_info8.shtml (410 words)

	Cores
		Due to the severe drug abuse problems of the tropane alkaloid, cocaine, a dramatic need has arisen to study related compounds which may enhance the understanding of the biological processes involved in cocaine addiction.
		In recent years a number of novel cocaine analogs, based on the tropane structure, have been found to be useful tools to study the mode of action of cocaine.
		A novel synthetic strategy to tropanes based on the reaction between vinylcarbenoids and pyrroles has led to a series of extremely potent cocaine analogs, and these and related compounds will be studied widely within the Center.
	www1.wfubmc.edu /physpharm/cnida/cores.htm (410 words)

	Solanaceae Summary
		Tropane alkaloids are also found in the Datura, Mandragora, and Brugmansia genera, as well as many others in the Solanaceae family.
		Like the tropanes, its pharmacology acts on cholinergic neurons, but with the opposite effect (it is an agonist as opposed to an antagonist).
		Capsaicin is structurally unrelated to nicotine or the tropanes, and is found in the genus Capsicum, which includes chile peppers such as Tabasco peppers and habaneros.
	www.bookrags.com /Solanaceae (1548 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tropanes are used medically to dilate the pupils, decrease acid secretion in the stomach, reduce nausea (especially that caused by motion sickness), and such.
		Interesting trivia bit #2: tropanes were (and still are, in some places) popular "folk" hallucinogens; typically the people preparing them had considerable experience with plants and were able to get the dosage right.
		It is hypothesized (support for this view is somewhat lacking) that the preparations, being topical, were often applied to a mucous membrane, in particular to the vagina and vaginal walls, using a broomstick as an applicator, thus the "witch riding the broomstick" image.
	www.textfiles.com /drugs/ALT.DRUGS/tropanes (386 words)

	MEDLINE Search on Medscape.com
		Biaryl analogues of conformationally constrained tricyclic tropanes as potent and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: synthesis and evaluation of their uptake inhibition at monoamine transporter sites.
		Synthesis and ligand binding studies of 4'-iodobenzoyl esters of tropanes and piperidines at the dopamine transporter.
		Synthesis and evaluation of iodine-123 labelled tricyclic tropanes as radioligands for the serotonin transporter.
	search.medscape.com /medline-search?queryText=Tropanes (361 words)

	Tropane - Medicow (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Past efforts to develop a chemical treatment for addiction to cocaine, which is a tropane, have been hampered by the lack of a reliable synthetic method.
		The cause of the psychoactive effects are the presence of tropane alkaloids(scopolamine, atropine, hyoscyamine) Dramamine is related to scopolamine.
		Also, tropane rituals are frequently associated with nudity and "paganism", and early Christian sects were quick to point out the association with the "Horned God" of the hunt (by their accounts the evil Satan devil).
	www.medicow.com /topics/Tropane (2884 words)

	Nov. 21, 1996-Vol28n13: Davies stresses importance of involving undergraduates in research (Site not responding. Last check: )
		His team has developed a method for making tropanes (chemical compounds that are very selective in their interactions with the central nervous system) that is very flexible, with the potential to target drug addiction and depression.
		Another offshoot for the tropane research is the possibility of developing diagnostic agents for various central nervous system diseases.
		Davies' research groups are testing the tropane compounds.
	www.buffalo.edu /reporter/vol28/vol28n13/n1.html (461 words)

	www.spiritgarden.co.uk :: View topic - Tropanes? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tropanes are a nasty,nasty trip by most accounts accompanied by intense hallucinations.I suggest a babysitter for anyone who dares....
		I can't recommend tropanes, aside from adding some crushed datura seeds to smoking mixtures (which is actually quite nice).
		Scary general consensus is that tropanes produce such real hallucinations that if you take enough you might well forget you are tripping and end up in the psych ward.
	www.spiritgarden.co.uk /phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=6897 (1191 words)

	Synthesis, ligand binding, and quantitative structure-activity relationship study of 3 beta-(4'-substituted phenyl)-2 ...
		The binding data for 2 beta-heterocyclic tropanes were found to show a high correlation with molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) minima near one of the heteroatoms in the 2 beta-substituents.
		In contrast, low correlations were found for other MEP minima near the 2 beta-substituent as well as for calculated log P or substituent volume.
		Synthesis, ligand binding, and quantitative structure-activity relationship study of 3 beta-(4'-substituted phenyl)-2 beta-heterocyclic tropanes: evidence for an electrostatic interaction at the 2 beta-position.
	www.rti.org /abstract.cfm?pubid=371 (261 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		The second main alkaloid type is the tropane alkaloids and these come in many different varieties in the Solanaceae.
		The tropanes are particularly interesting to alternative therapies, and occasionally their use has been quite controversial, for example, hyoscyamine or hyoscine (also called scopolamine) is known as a "truth" drug, and is rumoured to be administered to prisoners to encourage confessions.
		All of the Solanaceae plants already discussed that are used as drugs and medicines contain tropane alkaloids, and have been seen to cause serious brain dysfunction and produce hallucinogenic and narcotic effects.
	www.fathom.com /feature/122038/index.html (1812 words)

	Brugmansia Suaveolens leaf whole 10 Gram (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Principal active biochemicals are the tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolamine.
		The really dangerous thing about tropanes is that they have rather strong
		strength of tropanes in wild plants ranges considerably.
	www.naturensdroger.nu /sv/p_946.html (644 words)

	Preview Material Exam 2 Fall 2003
		Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) contains tropane alkaloids including atropine and related compounds that cause serious intoxication and even death.
		Though all parts of the plant are toxic, the greatest concentrations of tropanes accumulate in the seeds.
		Some of the symptoms of jimsonweed consumption are extreme pupil dilation, flushing red skin, slurred speech, decreased bowel movement and hallucinations.
	zoology.okstate.edu /zoo_lrc/biol1114/sample_tests/preview_material/exam2/f03/preview-exam2_f03.htm (448 words)

	Potential Antidepressant Effects of Novel Tropane Compounds, Selective for Serotonin or Dopamine Transporters -- Hemby ...
		novel tropanes at the dopamine and serotonin transporters, the
		Fumaric acid (1.12 g, 9.65 mmol) was added to a solution of the tropane (2.624 g, 9.67 mmol) in 2-propanol (50 ml).
		The effects of the novel tropanes selective for the serotonin (WF-31 and WF-50) and dopamine (WF-11) transporters were compared
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/282/2/727 (4012 words)

	Untitled
		Some say the leaves are safe, but an article described 15 people who had been hospitalized for eating the leaves, which they thought were spinach.
		The thick roots definitely contain tropanes, the same substances as in henbane and other nightshades, so don't chew them, as some sources recommend.
		The tropanes, which are deliriants, connect this plant to Saturn.
	www.toornet.co.il /seeds/p-mandragora.html (258 words)

	Jay Hamm: Comment on Conference Highlights: Hallucinogenic Drugs in Experimental Psychiatric Research
		With the exception of the tropanes, entheogens don't, in "normal doses" produce what can be called "hallucinations" as that term was used in the context of a graduate hypnotherapy class I took.
		They produce visual disturbances galore, but the person is usually aware that way they are seeing is not what it should be.
		One of the requirements for a "true" hallucination is that the subject be unable to tell it from reality, as occurs in deep hypnotic states, tropane intoxication, deep spiritual experiences and some psychosis.
	www.serendipity.li /dmt/hamm01.htm (676 words)

	Black Mandrake Seeds from Alchemy Works - Seeds for Magick Herbs and Pagan Gardens
		Some say the leaves are safe, but an article described 15 people who had been hospitalized for eating the leaves, which they thought were spinach.
		The thick roots definitely contain tropanes, the same substances as in henbane and other nightshades, so don't chew them, as some sources recommend.
		The tropanes, which are deliriants, connect this plant to Saturn.
	www.alchemy-works.com /mandragora_autumnalis.html (1371 words)

	Novel Chlorinated Tropanes Derived from the Treatment of Cocaine with Sodium Hypochlorite
		Four other new chlorinated tropanes (endo-6- and 7-chlorococaine, exo-6- or 7-chlorococaine and N-chlorobenzoylnorecgonine methyl ester) were also tentatively identified via their gas chromatography retention data and mass spectra.
		The results are of potential use in cocaine signature and comparative analysis.
		Several novel chlorinated tropanes were produced when cocaine was treated with aqueous sodium hypochlorite.
	www.astm.org /DIGITAL_LIBRARY/JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/2544.htm (209 words)

	Golden Guide (Pages 11-20)
		These chemical similarities between hallucinogenic compounds and neurohormones with roles in neurophysiology may help to explain hallucinogenic activity and even certain processes of the central nervous system.
		Other alkaloids—the isoquinolines, tropanes, quinolizidines, and isoxazoles—are more mildly hallucinogenic and may operate differently in the body.
		These are poisonous plant compounds that cause what might be called secondary hallucinations or pseudohallucinations.
	www.zauberpilz.com /golden/g11-20.htm (584 words)

	Legal Highs
		The average dose is 350 milligrams and has hallucinogenic effects.
		Atropine Sulfate is sulfate of Tropane alkaloid and also found in belladonna and also in other legal plants.
		Belladonna, Some call this product “Deadly Nightshade” It is leaves and roots from a legal herb found in the wooded hills of central and southern Europe, Asia, and in Algeria.
	www.narcomundo.com /legal_herbal_highs_2.htm (1203 words)

	herbal-lmn.htm
		The mandrake keeps consciousness close enough to the surface that the contact between the conscious and subconscious selves is experienced.
		A tolerance is built up to the tropanes in the parasympathetic system; thus, more mandrake is required to achieve the same effects.
		His is not true with the effects on the heart, and severe damage may occur.
	members.aol.com /godshaer/herbal-lmn.htm (2623 words)

	3 beta-phenyl-2 beta-substituted tropanes - An SAR analysis - Publication - RTI International (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The 2 beta-carbomethoxy group in cocaine and WIN 35,065-2 can be replaced by a number of other groups with little or no loss in binding affinity to the DAT.
		Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of some 3 beta-aryl-2 beta-substituted tropanes are reviewed in this article.
		Carroll, F.I., Lewin, A.H., and Kuhar, M.J. 3 beta-phenyl-2 beta-substituted tropanes - An SAR analysis.
	www.rti.org /abstract.cfm?pubid=2494 (90 words)

	Enantiospecific Synthesis of (+)- and (-)-Ferruginine from L-Glutamic Acid. Synthesis of Tropanes via Intramolecular ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Iminium ions, generated by decarbonylation of N-benzyl-5-[1-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-oxopentyl]prolines, undergo intramolecular cyclization to afford 2,4-disubstituted tropanes in good yields.
		This transformation is also shown to be a stereospecific reaction.
		The value of these substituted tropanes has been demonstrated by functional group manipulation, leading to the enantiospecific synthesis of (+)-ferruginine, an alkaloid isolated from Darlinga ferruginea, and its unnatural enantiomer, (-)-ferruginine.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/joceah/1996/61/i01/abs/jo9515081.html (130 words)

	www.spiritgarden.co.uk :: View topic - Tropanes? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With tropanes it's important the way they are used.
		What I can tell you for sure is that transdermal absorbtion leads to very different results than other means to use tropanes.
		I imagine you already know enough about tropanes already to know that they can be seriously dangerous (otherwise you might not still be here), but it's worth warning that at least one German researcher has died trying out flying ointments (his name escapes me, I suspect Marcus might remember it).
	www.spiritgarden.co.uk /phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=859&start=15&postdays=0&postorder=asc&highlight= (1667 words)

	Nov. 21, 1996-Vol28n13: Discovery may aid cocaine treatment
		We have developed a powerful, flexible method of synthesizing very important building blocks in organic synthesis," said Huw M.L. Davies, professor of chemistry at UB and lead investigator.
		According to Davies, a major challenge in contemporary chemistry is the controlled synthesis of chiral molecules.
		By using a small amount of a chiral metal catalyst, the UB scientists have found a way to predetermine that only one structure-and not its mirror-image-will be produced.
	www.buffalo.edu /reporter/vol28/vol28n13/n2.html (423 words)

	Synthèse Organique et SystèmesOrganisés
		His main research interests are the development of a new transition metal catalysed aldol reaction, the development of new chiral ligands dedicated to asymmetric catalysis of reactions such as asymmetric isomerization of allylic alcohols and amines, the application of [4+3] cycloaddition reactions to the synthesis of analogues of natural products.
		organic synthesis, asymmetric and organometalic catalysis, tropanes, [4+3] cycloaddition
		J.-L. GREE : Synthesis and Functionnalization of New Tropanes Designed for Use as Scaffolds in Combinatorial Chemistry, Eur.
	www.ensc-rennes.fr /recherche/so2/cv/c_crevisy.html (267 words)

	Comparative determination of 2-carbomethoxy-3-alkyloxy- and heteroaroyloxy-substituted tropanes in illicit South ...
		Comparative determination of 2-carbomethoxy-3-alkyloxy- and heteroaroyloxy-substituted tropanes in illicit South American cocaine using capillary gas chromatography-single ion monitoring
		cocaine, forensic science, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, tropane alkaloids
		Author Casale JF, Moore JM, Odeneal NG Title Comparative determination of 2-carbomethoxy-3-alkyloxy- and heteroaroyloxy-substituted tropanes in illicit South American cocaine using capillary gas chromatography-single ion monitoring Symposium, Committee on
	www.astm.org /DIGITAL_LIBRARY/JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/2919.htm (212 words)

	Ethnogarden Botanicals -> Ayahuasca Herbs -> Toe
		The fragrance alone is enough to give you dreams, or nightmares!
		The active alkaloids consist of tropanes similar to that of datura.
		Due to its potency; Brugmansia is traditionally only used in the smallest of quantities and we cannot stress enough how dangerous this plant can be!
	www.ethnogarden.com /cart/index.pl/catid_79/proid_220 (141 words)

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